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呼吸系统
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呼吸系统—重点笔记+真题,呼吸系统,重点,笔记
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绪绪论论Cellular respiration细胞呼吸Respiratory Surfaces呼吸表面Pulmonary ventilation肺通气Gas Exchange气体交换External respiration外呼吸Internal respiration内呼吸Mucociliary transport system粘液纤毛转运系统Vocalization发声sneezing喷嚏asthma哮喘chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic bronchitis慢性支气管炎emphysema肺气肿pleurisy胸膜炎lung cancer肺癌acute bronchitis急性支气管炎influenza流感pneumonia肺炎sinusitis鼻窦炎Mechanical ventilation，RICU机械通气Bronchoscope气管镜呼呼吸吸系系统统的的组组织织结结构构与与发发生生Adventitia外膜Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮Ciliated Cell 纤毛细胞Goblet Cell 杯状细胞Brush Cell 刷细胞Small Granule Cell 小颗粒细胞Basal Cell 基细胞Lamina Propria固有层Elastic Fiber弹性纤维Diffuse Lymphoid Tissue 弥散淋巴组织Plasma Cell 浆细胞Hyaline Cartilage Ring透明软骨环Pulmonary Stroma肺间质Pulmonary Parenchyma肺实质Conducting Portion导气部Respiratory Portion呼吸部Intrapulmonary bronchi肺内支气管smaller bronchi 小支气管Bronchioles 细支气管Terminal bronchioles 终末细支气管Clara Cells克拉拉细胞（粘液细胞）Respiratory bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管Alveolar duct肺泡管Alveolar sac 肺泡囊Pulmonary alveoli 肺泡alveolar cell肺泡细胞Junctional complex 连接复合体Pinocytotic vesicle 吞饮小泡Lamillar bodies嗜锇性板层小体 surfactant表面活性物质Dust cells尘细胞Alveolar Septum肺泡隔Alveolar pores 肺泡孔Laryngotracheal groove喉气管沟Laryngotracheal diverticulum喉气管憩室Tracheoesophageal septum气管食管隔Lung bud肺芽Tracheal stenosis气管狭窄Tracheal atresia 气管闭锁Tracheoesophageal fistula气管食管瘘Pseudoglandular stage 假腺期Canalicular stage 小管期Terminal sac stage 终末囊泡期Postnatal stage，alveolar stage肺泡期Hyaline membrane disease /respiratory distress syndrome透明膜病Pulmonary agenesis肺不发生Pulmonary hypoplasia肺发育不全呼呼吸吸生生理理Pulmonary Ventilation肺通气Respiratory Gases Exchange气体交换Expiratory muscles呼气肌internal intercostals肋间内肌abdominis腹肌Inspiratory muscles吸气肌diaphragm膈肌external intercostals肋间外肌abdominal respiration腹式呼吸thoracic respiration胸式呼吸Eupnea平静呼吸forced breathing用力呼吸Intrapulmonary Pressure 肺内压Artificial Respiration人工呼吸Intrapleural negative Pressure胸膜腔内负压recoil force回缩力pneumothorax气胸 Elastic Resistance弹性阻力Compliance顺应性distensibility扩张性surface tension表面张力Pulmonary Surfactant，PS肺表面活性物质DPPC二棕榈酰卵磷脂infant respiratory distress syndrome新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征hyaline membrane disease透明膜病Specific Compliance比顺应性Static Compliance静态顺应性Airway Resistance气道阻力air velocity气流速度air current forms气流形式airway diameter气道管径Spirometer肺量计Tidal volume，TV潮气量Inspiratory reserve volume，IRV补吸气量Expiratory reserve volume，ERV补呼气量Residual volume，RV残气量Pulmonary Volume肺容积Pulmonary Capacity肺容量Inspiratory capacity，IC深吸气量Functional residual capacity，FRC功能残气量 Vital capacity，VC肺活量Total lung capacity, TLC肺总量forced vital capacity ，FVC用力肺活量forced expiratory volumn，FEV用力呼气量Maximal voluntary ventilation最大随意通气量Alveolar ventilation通气贮量百分比anatomical dead space解剖无效腔alveolar dead space肺泡无效腔Physiological dead space生理无效腔Pulmonary ventilation肺通气量Partial Pressure分压diffusion coefficient扩散系数ventilation/perfusion ratio，VA/Q通气/血流比值hypoxia血液缺氧Dissolved物理溶解Bound化学结合oxyhemoglobin氧合血红蛋白oxygenation氧合Allostericeffect变构效应cynosis紫绀Oxygen Capacity of Hb（blood）Hb(血)氧容量Oxygen Content of Hb (blood)Hb(血)氧含量Oxygen Saturation of Hb (blood)Hb(血)氧饱和度oxygenhemoglobin dissociation curveHb氧解离曲线Haldane effect 霍尔登效应Bohr effect波尔效应Apneusis长吸式呼吸Gasping喘息式呼吸Pneumotaxic center 呼吸调整中枢Voluntary breathing随意呼吸Automatic breathing自主呼吸preBtzinger Complex前包钦格复合体pacemaker theory起步细胞学说neuronal network theory神经元网络学说Peripheral/Central chemoreceptors外周/中枢化学感受器Carotid bodies/Aortic bodies颈动脉体/主动脉体Pulmonary Stretch Reflex肺牵张反射HeringBreuer Reflex黑伯反射cough reflex 咳嗽反射 sneeze reflex喷嚏反射呼呼吸吸病病理理tuberculosis结核病tubercle结核结节Caseous necrosis干酪样坏死primary focus原发灶primary complex原发综合征focal pulmonary tuberculosis局灶型肺结核infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis浸润型肺结核chronic fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis慢性纤维空洞型肺结核caseous pneumonia干酪样肺炎tuberculoma结核球结核瘤tuberculous pleuritis结核性胸膜炎acute/chronic pulmonary miliary tuberculosis急性/慢性肺粟粒性结核病hematogenic tuberculosis血源性结核病Squamouscell carcinoma in situ原位鳞状细胞癌Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma角化性鳞状细胞癌Basaloid carcinoma基底样鳞状细胞癌AAH非典型瘤样增生AIS原位腺癌lepidic growth伏壁样生长MIA，minimally invasive adenocarcinoma微浸润型腺癌Acinaradenocarcinoma腺泡型腺癌pneumoconiosis肺尘埃沉着症Silicosis肺硅沉着症silicotic nodule硅结节NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma鼻咽癌ObstrativeLung Diseases阻塞性肺疾病Chronic Bronchitis慢性支气管炎Emphysema肺气肿Bronchiectasis支气管扩张症Bronchial Asthma支气管哮喘chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺疾病alveolar emphysema肺泡性肺气肿centriacinar empphysema腺泡(小叶)中央型periacniar emphysema腺泡（小叶）周围型panacinar emphysema全腺泡（小叶）型interstitial emphysema间质性肺气肿paracicatrical emphysema疤痕旁肺气肿senile emphysema老年性肺气肿compensatory emphysema代偿性肺气肿Bullous emphysema大泡性肺气肿pneumonia肺炎Lobular pneumonia小叶性肺炎Lobar pneumonia大叶性肺炎congestion充血期red hepatization红色肝样变期gray hepatization灰色肝样变期resolution消散期Pulmonary carnification肺肉质变Viral pneumonia病毒性肺炎Mycopiasmalpneumonia支原体肺炎缺缺氧氧HypoxiaHypotonic hypoxia低张性缺氧/乏氧性缺氧atmospheric hypoxia大气性缺氧high altitude hypoxia高原性缺氧respiratory hypoxia呼吸性缺氧cyanosis紫绀Hemic hypoxia血液性缺氧isotonic hypoxia等张性缺氧anemic hypoxia贫血性缺氧Carboxyhemoglobin,HbCO碳氧血红蛋白methemoglobin高铁血红蛋白Enterogenous cyanosis肠源性紫绀Circulatory hypoxia循环性缺氧hypokinetic hypoxia低动力性缺氧ischemic hypoxia缺血性缺氧congestive hypoxia淤血性缺氧Histogenous hypoxia组织性缺氧呼呼吸吸衰衰竭竭Respiratory Failure 呼吸衰竭Respiratory Failure Index（FRI）呼吸衰竭指数hypoxemic RF低氧血症性呼吸衰竭hypercapnic RF高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭restrictive hypoventilation限制性通气不足obstructive hypoventilation阻塞性通气不足inspiratory dyspnea吸气性呼吸困难expiratory dyspnea呼气性呼吸困难Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征Equal pressure point (EPP)等压点diffusion disorders弥散障碍 Ventilation/perfusion imbalance通气血流比例失调Functional shunt功能性分流Dead space-like ventilation死腔样通气anatomic shunt解剖分流True shunt 真性分流Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)急性呼吸窘迫综合症Cheyne-Stokes breathina陈-施呼吸Biot breatingBiot呼吸high altitude pulmonary edema, HAPE高原肺水肿Pulmonary heart disease肺源性心脏病Pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病positive end expiratory pressure, PEEP呼气末正压通气 Hypoxemia低氧血症呼呼吸吸系系统统常常用用药药物物Antiasthmatic drugs平喘药relirver缓解药preventer控制药Beta agonists受体阻断药Adrenaline肾上腺素Ephedrine麻黄碱Isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素Salbutamol沙丁胺醇Clenbuterol克伦特罗Terbutaline特布他林Formoterol Procaterol福莫特罗Bambuterol Salmeterol丙卡特罗Theophylline茶碱AnticholinergicsM胆碱受体阻断剂Ipratropium异丙托澳铵Tiotropium噻托溴铵Corticosteroid肾上腺皮质激素Beclomethasone Diproprionate二丙酸倍氯米松Flunisolide氟尼缩松Fluticasone Proprionate丙酸氟替卡松budesonide布地奈德Cromolyn Sodium色甘酸钠Nedocromil奈多罗米Leukotriene Antagonists白三烯拮抗剂Zileuton5-脂氧酶抑制剂Zafirlukast扎鲁斯特Montelukast孟鲁司特Antitussives镇咳药Codeine可待因Dextromethorphan右美沙芬Pentoxyverine喷托维林Benproperine苯丙哌林Mucolytics化痰药Expectorants祛痰药Ammonium chloride氯化铵Acetylcysteine乙酰半胱氨酸Bromhexine溴己新Ambroxol HCl氨溴索肺肺功功能能Spirometry肺功能检查Lung volume肺容积Inspiratory capacity, IC深吸气量Vital capacity, VC肺活量Functional residual capacity, FRC功能残气量Total lung capacity, TLC肺总量Forced vital capacity, FVC用力肺活量Maximal mid-expiratory flow, MMEF最大呼气中段流量Alveolar ventilation, VA肺泡通气量Minute ventilation, VE每分钟静息通气量Maximal voluntary ventilation, MVV最大自主通气量Forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1第1秒用力呼气容积Bronchodilator test支气管舒张实验Peak expiratory flow, PEF最大呼气流量Bronchial provocation test支气管激发试验Maximum expiratory flow-volume curve, MEFV)最大呼气流量-容积曲线Closing volume, CV闭合容积呼呼吸吸系系统统常常见见疾疾病病Pneumonia肺炎Lober / Broncho / Interstitial pneumonia大叶性/小叶性/间质性肺炎Community acquired/Hospital acquired pneumonia社区获得性/医院获得性肺炎Pneumococcal Pneumonia肺炎球菌肺炎MRSA甲氧西林耐药株Klebsiella Pneumonia克雷白杆菌肺炎aminoglycoside氨基糖苷类cephalosporin头孢菌素Legionella Pneumonia军团菌肺炎Legionella Pneumonia支原体肺炎ViralPneumonia病毒性肺炎Respiratory failure呼吸衰竭Bronchial Asthma支气管哮喘airway hyperresponsiveness气道高反应性Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic bronchitis慢性支气管炎emphysema肺气肿Chronic cor pulmonale慢性肺源性心脏病Lung ca
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