社交语言的陷阱

1、Lesson 2: Say What You Mean and Mean What You SayBackground Knowledge社交語言的陷阱 常常運用在社交場合的用語，多數屬於一種客套話，並不能直接由字面意思來加以解讀。這些用語是人類族群在特定時空背景演進下的文化產物，經過約定俗成不斷使用下，漸漸成為固定的用法，而使用者往往已經習以為常，甚至對其源由也無從解釋，只有等到實際應用後，與對方發生了疑義或甚至是誤會時，才會去思考反省這些用法，也才會進一步去深究這一外國人難以理解，但屬於文化層次的語言現象。在功能上，這些社交用語具有其特殊性和侷限性無法經由翻譯後就可一味推廣至他國、他地使用

2、。社交用語雖然可以紓解人際間的緊張和陌生感，營造一種和諧、融洽的氛圍。不過，客套話過度使用也極有可能淪為虛偽、不實，容易使人際關係更形疏離、不真誠。例如在中文裡，當對方介紹完自己後，不管是不是真實情形，我們往往會補上一句久仰、久仰以表敬意。此外，對於外語學習者來說，若要克服這種語言的文化差異，首先需充分了解該語言使用族群的語言習性。此外，也要摒棄成見，對於不同於自己的文化思維和慣性，保持一開放的心胸，非但從自身的文化軀殼裡走出來，更是打破文化所形塑的框架，進而以尊重和欣賞的角度去面對語言所被賦予的文化價值和功能。在此前提之下，再去熟悉外國慣用語的相關背景和使用時機，如此一來，距離融入外國人的生

3、活用語，且能夠隨心所欲表情達意的目標就不遠了。 Vocabulary3. frankly adv. 坦率地字詞辨義frankly speaking = to be frank坦白說frank adj. 坦率的，直率的You must be frank with the teacher about this accident.字詞辨義a frank answer坦白的回答 make a frank confession坦白招供認錯to be frank with you坦白對你說 = to tell you the truth4. downstairs (1) adv. 在樓下，往樓下(相反詞：

4、upstairs)字詞辨義go/run downstairs下樓跑下樓5. yell (1) vi. 大叫，叫喊(2) n. C 大叫，叫喊字詞辨義cry是喊叫最常見的用語；shout或yell則是用力的大叫；scream是因痛苦或恐懼等的尖叫；而shriek是極為尖銳的叫聲。6. necessarily adv. 必定地，必然地necessity (1) n. U必要(性)；需要Is there any necessity for reelection?Necessity is the mother of invention. 諺需要為發明之母。(2) n. C必需品字詞辨義bare nec

5、essities基本必需品A car and a cell phone are necessities for being a salesperson.7. expression (1) n. C 措詞(2) CU表達，表示字詞辨義as an expression of作為的表示 give expression to以言語行為表達beyond/past expression無法形容地 facial expression面部表情express (1) vt. 表達，表示It's my goal to express myself clearly in English.Jim expres

6、sed great interest in my plan.(2) adj. 快速的 express train快速列車 express company快遞公司express delivery快遞(服務)9. exclaim vt; vi. 叫喊，驚叫字詞辨義exclaim at對表示驚奇The little girl exclaimed at the wonderful view in the mountains.exclamation (1) n. C 叫喊，驚叫After 10 years of waiting, the parents embraced their missing so

7、n with exclamations of joy.(2) n. C 感嘆句，感嘆詞，感嘆語”Ouch!”Look out!” and “Listen!” are so called exclamations.10. column (1) (報章雜誌上的)專欄Mark used to write a column for New York Times.字詞辨義advice column諮商專欄 literary column文藝專欄 sports column體育專欄(2)n. C圓柱狀物；圓柱A column of smoke from the factory chimney attrac

8、ted my attention.13. promise (1) n. C 承諾，保證When the pop singer came to visit Taiwan last year, he made a promise to come back again soon.Don't break the promise once you have said yes to my request.(2) n. U (某人或某事有好結果的)跡象，徵兆字詞辨義give/show promise有希望；有前途 Fortunately, the sky seems to give promise

9、of fine weather tomorrow.(3) vt. 承諾，保證 The boss promised his workers a raise this mising adj. 有前途的，前途光明的 The promising young actress is good at acting and dancing.14. exchange (1) vt. 交換字詞辨義exchange looks對視，互看 exchange greetings打招呼exchange opinions/information交換意見訊息(2) vt. 兌換 The tourist wa

10、nts to exchange dollars for yens.(3)n. CU 交換 As I know, an exchange of prisoners during a war is quite usual.字詞辨義make an exchange交換 in exchange for作為交換an exchange student交換學生 a cultural exchange文化交流 I'm now giving Lisa Chinese lessons in exchange for English lessons.(4) n. U (貨幣的)兌換 The exchange

11、 rate is more favorable in the bank than at the airport.字詞辨義Exchange是指給出去一個事物，同時得到另一個，而change則是指從現有的狀態做一改變。 To be a qualified speaker, you should change your casual clothing first. We would like to exchange ideas during the coffee break.Idioms and Phrases1. give.a call打電話給同義詞telephone. = call.(up) =

12、 phone.(up) = ring.up = give.a ring/buzz4. what on earth究竟，到底在口語疑問句中，疑問詞之後加上on earth 或in the world是一種強調疑問詞的片語。 What on earth are you doing here? Why on earth should I help you with your work?6. keep in touch (with sb)與保持聯繫同義詞stay in touch with sb反義詞lose touch with sb I hope I will keep in touch with

13、 my classmates after graduating from high school. I've lost touch with Emily since she moved to Kaohsiung.字詞辨義get in touch with sb與取得聯繫be/keep/stay in touch with sth取得某方面最新的資訊8. be used to習慣於 The young man is soon used to the busy city life.同義詞get used to, be accustomed to It's hard for youn

14、g children to get used to wearing glasses.字詞辨義be/get used to N/Ving表示習慣於，而used to V則表示以前慣於；以前常常，指以前的習慣而現在不會這樣了。be used to V則表示被用來做。 Maria gets used to doing exercise in the gym before going to work. I used to smoke after dinner, but now I quit. The recycled bottles are used to make glass artwork. Gr

15、ammar1. N + who/which/that + be Vpp. N + Vpp.一般來說，分詞的限定用法有兩種情形：一種是較單純的用法，即一個分詞置於名詞之前，用以修飾該名詞。例：The singing girl is my elder sister.The fallen leaves came from this old tree. 另一種就是置於名詞之後，用以修飾前面的名詞，此用法又可分為表主動的現在分詞片語和表被動的過去分詞片語兩種，這兩種分詞片語皆可視為由關係子句簡化而來的結構。形成分詞片語有以下步驟：(1) 若關係子句中的主格關係代名詞之後有be 動詞(即含進行式和被動語態

16、)，則將主格關代和be動詞一起去掉。例： The man who is talking to the teacher is my father. The man talking to the teacher is my father. The language which is spoken in England is English. The language spoken in England is English. 分詞片語的功能和原來的關係子句相同，不過卻更簡潔。教師可向學生解釋，由於過去分詞本身即含有被動之意，所以省略其前的be動詞並不會影響到原來的語意，不過省略時須連同關係代名詞一

17、起，不可只省略其中一項，這點可提醒學生注意。(2) 若關係子句中的主格關代之後無be動詞，則省略關代之後，需把動詞改成現在分詞 (Ving)，取其主動之意。 Richard has a cousin who works in a bank in Taipei. Richard has a cousin working in a bank in Taipei.2. Tag Question (= Question Tag) 本句型介紹附加問句為附加於直述句之後的簡短問句，用來徵求對方的同意或肯定，以逗點隔開，若前面敘述句的動詞是肯定，則附加問句要用否定，反之亦然。且附加問句裡動詞時態要與前面句子中的一致。例：The machine helps a lot, doesn