英文参考文献原文复印件及译文

1、英文参考文献原文专 业：自动化姓 名：张学超学 号:120410116指导教师：王书强完成日期 2016 年 4 月Integrated Substation Automation System AnalysisAbstractIn rece nt years, as computers and digital com muni cati on tech no logy, sec on dary substati on equipme nt is basically a computer-based. Computer protect ion, computer monitoring devi

2、ce in the substation have been widely used, which greatly raised the level of automation in power system reliability and operation, has achieved a lot of unmanned substati ons. However, due to differe nces inprofessi onal sta ndards,differe nt manu facturers used in the desig n of substati on automa

3、ti on programs are notthe same, thus leav ing the majority of users at a loss.Substati on relay protecti on, fault recorder, local and remote mon itori ng not only of differe nt fun cti ons, and the realizati on of the prin ciples and tech niq ues are also differe nt. Thus, the Ion g-sta nding exper

4、tise in differe nt tech no logies and the corresp onding man ageme nt departme nts. With the microprocessor-based protectio n, computer con trol and remote computer devices, such as widely used, it was no ted that despite the differe nt functions of these devices, the hardware con figuratio n is the

5、 same, the collection and to control many of the same object. Thus, it appears from the overall situation to consider the idea of substation automation. However, in substation automatio n tech no logies, the impleme ntati on process of the relay, measure, con trol, remote features, as well as the re

6、lati on ship betwee n them, are still some problems worthy of our study.Keywords: substati on automati onThe follow ing curre ntly used for many domestic substati on automati on desig n practical, from the sec on dary system an alysis and comparis on of several aspects.1 System structureThe whole sy

7、stem level by the station management, industrial bus network layer and spaci ng layer is composed of three parts, the system of all mon itori ng, protective equipme nt are modular un its of the structural desig n, accordi ng to the voltage substati on level, the size can be flexible and user require

8、me nts. Because of the cen tralized system is no Ion ger used, it is no Ion ger here, the follow ing describes only the structure of distributed systems.1.1 Function-orie nted distributed systemsA function of each unit completed, the system functions can be divided in to: AC and DC measureme nt un i

9、t, remote acquisiti on un it, remote con trol and operati on un it, pulse en ergy collecti on un its, such as the protecti on un it. The adva ntages of such systems is the fun cti onal unit with the com muni cati on bus betwee n the complete separation of the electrical, any fault on the system unit

10、 has no effect on the rest of the system. The disadva ntage is that multi-scree n group, the relative complexity of the sec ond wiri ng, poor scalability, dece ntralized un its can not be in stalled.1.2 In terval-orie nted distributed systemPower transmission line to substation is divided into a num

11、ber of intervals, such as into the line spac ing, tran sformer spaci ng, ro und layout. Relatively in depe ndent of the spaci ng of equipme nt, only through the Internet com muni cati on n etwork stati ons with stati on-level computers to com muni cate. In terval of each layer by telemetry, remote,

12、remote control, the protection of the distribution of multi-CPU configuration, and the in troductio n of computers in the desig n of local area n etwork tech no logy, the distribution function, as far as possible the principle of decentralization, which, though greatly improved the reliability of, a

13、ny in terval failure will not affect the other partiti ons, but the reliability of each in terval is relatively low, if any in terval a fault will affect the whole in terval.1.3 Object-Oriented Distributed SystemsThat is, a unit of an object into each line, each round, each transformer, capacitors c

14、an be targeted. This is a true full-distributed substation automation system, which broke the orig in al limits of the fun cti ons of the sec ond device, in accorda nee with the requireme nts of substati on automati on reorga ni zati on. This object-orie nted distributed systems in line with the Int

15、ern ati onal Electrotech nical Commissi on's tech ni cal specificati on s, is the future direct ion of developme nt. It has the follow ing features: greatly improved system reliability, partial failure does not affect the system; relatively independent modules, each affected small; data sharing

16、good; system efficiency; multi-function integrated control approach, making the operation of equipme nt man ageme nt very simple, low maintenan ce; an ti-i nterfere nee ability; good scalability; stati ons n eeded the Sec ond cable greatly reduced, sav ing inv estme nt.2 Dual-bus n etwork and a sin

17、gle n etwork structureStan d-level man ageme nt and mon itori ng layer to protect the data and comma nds betwee n the tran smissi on n etwork can be double or sin gle n etwork structure. Hub for the 110kV substati on, a dual n etwork structure to facilitate a large flow of data to ensure rapid deliv

18、ery when all kinds of signals, and to improve its reliability. Dual-network approach, usually an in depe ndent group to mon itor and protect the network, in the transmission line or electrical equipment fault protection actions, the n etwork can be used to protect the rapid tran smissi on of recorde

19、d wave data. Substation 110kV and below, as a result of a smaller scale, data throughput, 110kV and below a sin gle n etwork substati on can well meet the requireme nts of data tran smissi on.3 integration of monitoring and protectionSince the tech no logy level of the special status of protect ion

20、and man ageme nt system problems, l on g-term protectio n and mon itori ng has bee n separated. However, with the electricity sector, the gradual changes in management and computer and digital com muni catio n tech no logy's rapid developme nt, low-voltage level (eg, 35kV , 10kV) substation, in

21、order to reduce the investment cost, ease of operation and man ageme nt and improve the level of automati on, con trol and protecti on of suitable integration unit, which is characterized by: monitoring and protection together to protect the independence of TA and TA to monitor access, this is to en

22、sure the accuracy of measureme nts, but also improves the reliability. Hardware sta ndardizati on, the same as the unit of hardware, software is different from the same template can be interchangeable, the measurement accuracy is not affected after the s help users maintain and master. Object-orient

23、ed design, a complete sampling. The main protection and back-up protection of a strict separation of the main transformer protect ion and high and low pressure side of the back-up protecti on is a small un it, and backup protection for each side of the design, the same unit within the strict separat

24、ion of the protection of exports. Flexible configuration unit may focus on group screen, the installation can also be dispersed. There are configuration functions, a variety of ways to protect the flexibility to access and removal.This structure has not bee n widely used at prese nt because of: the

25、professi onal man ageme nt of the curre nt power grids are separated from the protecti on and remote, using this structure to cha nge the man ageme nt system, operatio n and maintenance pers onnel at the same time dema nds a higher level. Reliable operati on of such systems is one of the keys to the

26、 hardware unit to mon itor the protect ion must adapt to poor work ing con diti ons, n eed to have a strong an ti-jam ming, an ti-vibrati on capabilities, able to adapt to high temperature and high humidity of the work ing en vir onment; sec ond is to have a efficie nt and reliable fast data com mun

27、i cati ons n etworks. Due to the design of the reasons, the integration of monitoring the protection of unit failure, there is no mon itori ng and the protect ion of a clear in terface, it is difficult to find and disti nguish the scope of failure.4 RS485 or CAN field bus networkDistributed system o

28、f com muni cati on there are serial com muni catio n bus mode and network mode, which is the most typical RS485, the latter applies to more typical substati on en vir onment Con troller Area Network CAN.4.1 RS485 busRS2485 bus used in earlier substation integrated automation system, is still used in

29、 many systems, its shortcomings are: For smaller systems, there is sufficient transmission rate, real-time guaranteed, but with the system expansion to quickly lower the system performa nee. And safety of an ti-poor and usually only suitable for internal use in the control room, can not be used to s

30、witch and switch between games, that does not apply to the installation of decentralized distributed systems. From the structure of the n etwork there can be on ly one master no de, and the rest are from the no de, the I / O unit must be horiz on tal com muni cati on stati on-level computers, the sy

31、stem poor flexibility. Data com muni cati on is in resp onse to type the comma nd, the node only after receiving the master node in order to respond to the order, a number of important changes on a timely bit of information is not sent, real-time low. Error Detectio n and Correctio n feature no. Com

32、muni cati on protocol by the manu facturers own, differe nt systems difficult to in terc onnect devices.4.2 CAN bus networkThe use of a short frame tran smissi on, and each frame has CRC error check ing and other measures, anti-interference ability, just the use of low-cost twisted-pair tran smissi

33、on can guara ntee BER -11W 10Farthest away from direct com muni cati on n etwork up to 10km, at this time for the tran sfer rate 5kbit / s, and whe n the tran smissi on dista nee of 40m, the tran sfer rate of up to 1Mbit / s.By multi-master mode, a network node can be found in the office any time to

34、 the n etwork to send messages to other no des, but also by poin t-to-po int, point-to-multipoint broadcasting and global transmission of information, flexible means of com muni cati on.Node on the n etwork can be con figured to differe nt priority levels, and the use of non-destructive decisi on-bu

35、s tech no logy, whe n there are two no des at the same time to send information to the network, the low-priority node will send its own moratorium, but the high-priority no des con ti nue to send it will not be affected, thus greatly saving time bus ruling conflict in order to ensure real-time natur

36、e of the whole system.Abno rmal no des on a n etwork, a self-clos ing fun cti on of the bus and cut off the node and bus lin ks, to en sure that other operati ons will not be affected bus.CAN network technical specifications in line with ISO11898, has good hardware support and an ope n en vir onment

37、.5 operati ng system backgro undSystem platforms and n etwork operat ing system there are two major categories of Win dowsNT and SCOUNIX, each with its own adva ntages and disadva ntages.5.1 Win dowsNT operat ing systemUpward compatibility of hardware, and do not n eed to manu ally optimize the allo

38、cati on of hardware.Support software, and portability, and easy expa nsion of the sec on dary developme nt and fun cti on. There are all-ro und multi-f unctional con figurati on of the system con figurati on, in clud ing system con figuratio n, graphics, reports, curve, such as in cide nt han dli ng

39、, allowi ng the system to gen erate modified very fast, flexible and convenient; a variety of con figurati ons to gen erate and output stateme nts, all of Excel-based electro nic stateme nts, easy to man age and in terface with other tools;sta ndard large-scale data systems SQLServer or Sybase as th

40、e real-time and historical database, the system capacity to en sure the data in tegrity and con siste ncy, and easy to mai ntai n seamless conn ectivity with other systems.In tuitive in terface, high uni versality, the user gen erally will be used to reduce the workload of training. The stability of

41、 the system slightly worse, and sometimes more prone to occur as a result of the man date of Death. Security is not high, susceptible to the intrusion of computer viruses. Based on the operating system, application software has some ide ntifier, from the point of view of the con fide ntiality restri

42、cti ons on the scope of its use.5.2 SCOUNIX systemMore stringent hardware compatibility, PC-general in the graphics card is not compatible with environment, even if compatible, and its lower resolution, most of 1024 >768.Need to optimize the system configuration, this work could not do the genera

43、l user. Less support software, applicati on software, system con figuratio n will have to prepare. En glish operat ing system en vir onment, for domestic users is more difficult to master. More time to perfect the operati on of experie nee and improveme nts in stability, safety, military, financial

44、and other industries requiring high reliability of com monly used n etwork.6 Con clusi onSubstati on automati on is a complex systematic project, the n eed for various kinds of professi on als with more tha n only a few aspects of the sec ond system application in practice to analyze the feelings of comparison, the substation automatio n system is the developme nt of rural power grid con struct ion in the city tran sformatio n work, regardless of their tech ni cal, importa nee, and tasks to inv est a con siderable amount of both the status of a ve