专升本英语专项练习阅读理解(二)

1、资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除阅读理解（ 2）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、 B、 C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项 .AHere are some of the world s most impressive subways.TheTokyoFeatures: The T okyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyo s massiveMetroandsubwaysystemcarryalmost 8 million people each day, makingittheToei Linesbusiest system in th

2、e world. The system is famous for its oshiya- literally,“ pusher-” whoshovepassengersintocrowdedsubwaycarssothedoors can close. And you think your commute is hell.TheMoscowFeatures: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations inMetrothe world. The best of them were built during the Stal

3、inist era and featurechandeliers(枝形吊灯 ),marblemoldingsandelaboratemurals( 精美的壁画 ). With more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble cleanhas got to be a burden.TheHongFeatures: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the fewKong Metrosubwaysystemsinthe worldthatactuallytu

4、rnsaprofit.Itprivatelysownedandusesrealestatedevelopmentalongitstracksto increaseincome and ridership. It also introduced“ Octopus cards” that allow peopleto not only pay theirfares electronically,butbuystuffatconveniencestores, supermarkets, restaurants and even parking meters. It s estimatedthat 9

5、5 % of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card .ShanghaiFeatures: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system, andMetroithasbecomethecountry largestinthe12yearssinceit opened.ShanghaiMetrohas142 milesoftrackandplans to addanother180miles within five years. By that point, it would

6、 be three times larger thanChicago “ L” . The system carries about 2.18 million people a day.The LondonFeatures: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even though 55Metropercentofit liesabove ground.Nomatter when you vegottheoldestmass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you

7、 like. Trainsstartedin1863andthey vebeenrunningeversince.Some3millionpeople ride each day, every one of them remembering to“ Mind the gap ” .1. Which one can provide the riders some wonderful decorations at the stations?A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei LinesB. The Moscow MetroC. The London MetroD. The Ho

8、ng Kong MTR2. _ is done with the purpose of making money.A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei LinesB. The Moscow MetroC. The London MetroD. The Hong Kong MTR3. We can learn from the passage that Shanghai Metro _.A. carries the most people each dayB. is th e world s largestC. may be larger than the Chicago“ L

9、” in the futureD. is the busiest in the world4. How many subways carry more than 5 million people per day?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5BArchaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means,more or less,“ the study of old things” . So, it is really a part of the study ofhistory. However, most histori

10、ans use paper evidence, such as letters,paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家 )learn from the objectsleft behind by the humans of long ago. Normally,theseare the hard materialsword 可编辑资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除that don t break down or disappear very quickly things like human bones and objects

11、made from stone and metal.It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence ofhistory normally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies,clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working i

12、n a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something stic

13、king out a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found therest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly buy it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin,

14、muscles, hair and internal organs the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man s stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live.

15、Also, thewater in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man s skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientistswanted to know more about the person that they called“ Lindow Man ” . Hishands and fing

16、ernails suggested that he hadn t done heavy manual work inthis life he could have been a rich man. They foundthat he hadn t died byaccident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three differentgods.5. Which language does the wordarchaeology“” come from?A. French.B. GreekC. Roman.D. G

17、erman 。6. The word“ these ” in the first paragraphrefers to _.A. lettersB. photographsC. paintingsD. objects7. Which of the following helped to preserve“ Lindow Man ”?A. Ice and low temperatureB. Bacteria and oxygenC. Soil and energyD. Acid and water8. According to the passage, which of the followin

18、g statements is TRUE?word 可编辑资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除A. “Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him.B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.D. “Lindow Man” was good at manual w

19、ork.9. Which is the best title for the passage?A. What Is Archaeology?B. Archaeology and HistoryC. An Amazing Archaeological DiscoveryD. The Death of “Lindow Man”CWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geol

20、ogy, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that sc

21、ientists and technologists develop. The second is the application ofthe special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the

22、universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation,and looksforrelationshipsevenif thedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solvethe problems which this involves.He is a good

23、 observer, accurate, patient and objective(客观的 ) and uses the factshe observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum( 光谱 ).He does not accept statements whi

24、ch are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists alwayscheck statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientif

25、ic instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in dataword 可编辑资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he want

26、s to guess how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.10. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_A. knowledge only.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of

27、machines.11. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?A. He doesn t find confidence and pleasure in work.B. He is interested in problems that are explained.C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.D. He looks for new ways of acting.12. According to the pass

28、age, a successful scientist would NOT_.A. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation.13. Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?A. completeB. object

29、iveC. complicatedD. accurate14. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.DMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog,p

30、lay golf, go fishing, sit in thegarden, drink outsiderather than inside the pub, have apicnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. Themost popular free time activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者 ) jog,they don t run the streets. Every

31、one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. Itis my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether weknow we are doing so or not.But despite this, our childrenare growingupnature-deprived(丧失 ). Ispent myboyhood climbing trees. These days, children are

32、robbed of these ancient freedoms, dueto problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas aboutwhat is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things thatcan be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had m

33、oved to betterhousing and the children were assessed for ADHD (多动症 ). Those whose housing hadmore natural views showedanimprovementof19%; those who hadthe sameword 可编辑资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergart

34、en children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, the entire school would do better in studies.Anotherstudyfoundthatc

35、hildrenplaydifferentlyin anaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds, children create a hierarchy ( 等级 ) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on ima

36、gination and creativity.Most bullying ( 恃强凌弱 ) is found in schools where there is a tarmac ( 柏油碎石 ) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School, with its hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in c

37、orners dreaming about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodiesbut to their

38、souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people i

39、s much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there

40、 is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, statesin his study, “A natural en

41、vironment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later. ”Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favour when we areprotectingnat

42、ure.The error here is far too deep:not only do humansneednatureforthemselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things isdamaging.Human beings are a species of animals. For seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world an

43、d long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glassof beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We needthe wild world.It is necessaryto our well-being,our health,our happ

44、iness.Without other living things around us we are less than human.word 可编辑资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除15. What is the author s firm belief?A. People seek nature in different ways.B. People should spend most of their lives in the wild.C. People have quite different ideas of nature.D. People must make more ef

45、forts to study nature.16. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?A. Personal freedom.B. Things that are natural.C. Urban surroundings.D. Things that are purchased.17. What does a study in Sweden show?A. The natural environment can help children learn better.B. More access

46、 to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.C. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.D. Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.18. Children who have chances to explore natural areas _. A. tend to develop a strong love for scienceB. are more likely to dr

47、eam about wildlifeC. tend to be physically tougher in adulthood D. are less likely to be involved in bullying19. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? A. Find more effective drugs for them.B. Provide more green spaces for them. C. Place them under more personal care. D.Engage them in more meaningful activities.20. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?A. They look on life optimistically.B. They enjoy a life of better quality.C. They are able to live longer.D. They