LogFrame Matrix - Home - LINGOs逻辑框架矩阵-家居-行话

1、Conceptual Design The Logical FrameworkWe would like to acknowledge the support of the Project Management Institute and the International Institute for Learning, Inc. for permitting the use of their intellectual property in this curriculum.Module 2 ObjectivesBy the end of this module you will be abl

2、e to: Explain why Logical Frameworks are useful in the development context Develop LogFrame description statements that reflect causal logic Develop indicators that correspond to the LogFrame description statementsExercise What experience do you have working with Logical Frameworks? For what purpose

3、s have you used Logical Frameworks?Purposes of a Logical Framework A systematic tool for designing, planning, implementing, and monitoring and evaluating a project (or program). A tool for organizing thinkingfor relating inputs to the implementation of activities, activities to the production of out

4、puts, outputs to the achievement of a defined purpose, and purpose to a high-level goal or impact. A tool for identifying and assessing risks by listing critical assumptions inherent in project design and implementation. A tool for measuring project progress through objectively verifiable indicators

5、 and means of verification. A tool for developing consensus and communicating a projects intent and strategyCausal Logic ModelingCausal Logic Modeling A systematic tool that visually shows, through a graphic illustration or picture, how a particular initiative occurs through logical relationships.Pr

6、oject DescriptionIndicatorsSource of VerificationAssumptionsLabel?Label?Label?Label?LogFrame VariationsDont over-focus on the language and the variations of the various LogFrame matrix models. The important lesson is to learn to think through projects using a logic model.An Alternative LogFrame Form

7、atThe Logic of LogFrames Project DescriptionIndicatorsSource of VerificationAssumptionsGoalObjective(s)/Outcome(s)Deliverables/OutputsActivitiesIf the OBJECTIVES are accomplished;Then this should contribute to the overall goalIf DELIVERABLES are produced;Then the OBJECTIVES are accomplishedIf adequa

8、te RESOURCES/INPUTS are provided;Then the ACTIVITIES can be conductedIf the ACTIVITIES are conducted;Then RESULTS can be producedWriting Description StatemetnsProject DescriptionGoalObjective(s)/Outcome(s)Deliverables/OutputsActivitiesThe broad development impact to which the project contributes at

9、a national or sector levelStatement Wording: “To contribute to”The development outcome at the end of the project more specifically the expected benefits to the target group(s)Statement Wording: “Increased, improved, etc.”The direct/tangible results (goods &services) that the project delivers, an

10、d which are largely under project management controlStatement Wording: “delivered/produced/conducted, etc.”The tasks (work program) that need to be carried out to deliver the planned resultsStatement Wording: “Prepare, design, construct, research, etc.”Examples of Goal StatementsFrom Objective Tree

11、to LogframeDeveloping StatementsObjective HierarchyGoalTo contribute to improved health, particularly of under 5sObjective(s)/Outcome(s)1. Improved river water qualityDeliverables/Outputs1.1 Reduced volume of fecal waste discharged into the river system1.2 Reduced volume of household refuse directly

12、 dumped into the river systemActivities1.1.1 Conduct baseline survey of households1.1.2 Prepare and deliver public awareness campaign1.1.3 Prepare engineering specifications for latrines and increased sewage network.1.1.4 Etc.1.2.1 Prepare and deliver public awareness campaign1.2.2 Etc.Developing St

13、atementsObjective HierarchyExamples of How to Develop StatementsGoalTo contribute to improved health, particularly of under 5sObjective(s)/Outcome(s)1. Improved river water qualityDeliverables/Outputs1.1 Reduced volume of fecal waste discharged into the river system1.2 Reduced volume of household re

14、fuse directly dumped into the river systemActivities1.1.1 Conduct baseline survey of households1.1.2 Prepare and deliver public awareness campaign1.1.3 Prepare engineering specifications for latrines and increased sewage network.1.1.4 Etc.1.2.1 Prepare and deliver public awareness campaign1.2.2 Etc.

15、The Logic of LogFramesProject DescriptionIndicatorsSource of VerificationAssumptionsGoalObjective(s)/Outcome(s)Deliverables/OutputsActivitiesIf the horizontal logic is followed AND assumptions hold true; Then the project will likely succeed.Identifying AssumptionsObjective(s)Improved river water qua

16、lityGoal:To contribute to improved health, particularly of under 5sOutcome 1Reduced volume of fecal waste discharged into the river systemAssumption(s)Assumption(s)Illustrative Assumptions partial build outProject DescriptionIndicatorsSource of VerificationAssumptionsTo contribute to improved health

17、, particularly of under 5s and the general health of the river ecosystem.Improved quality of river water.-The Clean River legislation is introduced by the EPA and enforced-Up river water quality remains unchanged1.1 Reduced volume of fecal waste discharged into river1.2 Reduced volume of household r

18、efuse directly dumped into the river system-Waste water treatment meets national standards-fishing cooperatives meet obligations to establish waste collection systems1.1.1 Conduct baseline survey of households1.1.2 Prepare and deliver public awareness campaign1.1.3 Prepare engineering specifications

19、 for latrines and expanded sewage network.1.1.4 Etc.1.2.1 Etc.-Municipal budgets for improvements to sewage systems remain unchanged.GoalObjectives/OutcomesDeliverables/OutputsActivitiesAdding IndicatorsProject DescriptionIndicatorsSource of VerificationAssumptionsGoalObjective(s)/OutcomesDeliverabl

20、es/OutputsActivities“an instrument which gives you information” The English Language Dictionary“A quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement, to reflect changes connected to an intervention, or to help assess the performance of a d

21、evelopment actor” OECD/DAC (DAC Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation, May 2002)“a variable, which purpose it is to measure change in a phenomena or process” USAID“a description of the projects objectives in terms of quantity, quality, target group(s), time and place” OECDDEFINITIONSSMART IndicatorsSS

22、pecificMMeasurableAAchievableOr: acceptable, applicable, appropriate, attainable or agreed upon (to stress the importance of common understanding)RRelevantOr: reliable, realistic (when achievable/attainable is not used)TTime-boundDirect vs. Indirect IndicatorsDirect indicatorsThese indicators direct

23、ly pinpoint at the subject of interest. This is often the case with operational and more technical subjects. What the manager wants to know, can be (and generally is) measured directly. Indirect indicators (Proxy indicators)Indirect indicators (or proxy-indicators) refer in an indirect way to the su

24、bject of interest. There can be several reasons to formulate indirect indicators:The subject of interest cannot be measured directly. This is particularly the case for more qualitative subjects, like behavioral change, etc.;The subject of analysis can be measured directly, but it is too sensitive to

25、 do so, for example level of income, “safe sex”, etc.;The use of an indirect indicator can be more cost-effective than the use of a direct one. An indirect indicator may very well represent the right balance between level of reliability of information and the efforts needed to obtain the data.Avoid

26、Reinventing the WheelConsiderable efforts to formulate indicators are being undertaken in most of the programmatic areas of international development, relief and conservation. Some of these might be led by donors, interagency initiatives, NGOs that specialize in Monitoring and Evaluation, and within

27、 your agencies.When developing indicators for the Delta River case, for example, the FANTA Project has a technical assistance document that focuses on impact indicators for Water and Sanitation./downloads/pdfs/watsan.pdf FANTA Project IndicatorsImproved Hand Washing Behavio

28、rNumber of food preparers and childcare workers who report and demonstrate appropriate hand washing behavior Divided ByTotal number of food preparers and child caregivers interviewedFood and Nutrition Technical AssistanceSource of Verification (SoV)Project DescriptionIndicatorsSource of Verification

29、AssumptionsGoalObjective(s)ResultsActivitiesDiscussions on the Source of Verification for indicators (where to find the information or how to collect it)often lead to: Reformulation of the indicator. In the worst case that the information referred to in the indicator cannot be obtained, the indicato

30、r becomes useless and a new one should be formulated.Activity Indicators & SoVsProject Description IndicatorsGoalObjective(s)/Outcome(s)Deliverables/OutputsActivitiesActivity indicators are the easiest ones to formulate and collect because they focus on implementation progress as reflected in pr

31、oject and partner staff work plans, project events, and corresponding budget expenditures. They answer basic questions like:Was the Activity completed with acceptable quality? Was it completed as planned regarding numbers and types of items purchased and distributed? Were the meetings held? Were the

32、 numbers and gender of people in the target groups trained or otherwise involved? Activity indicators are typically measured through administrative, management, trainer, and financial tracking and record-keeping systems, supplemented with written summaries and reports.Output Indicators & SoVsPro

33、ject DescriptionIndicatorsGoalObjective(s)/Outcome(s)Deliverables/ OutputsOutput indicators allow project management to track what is to be delivered, when, and, most importantly, to what effect. They are generally measured in terms of immediate effects of goods and services delivered, such as: pre/

34、post-training scores on tests (written or verbal skills, simple assessments, etc.)creation of certain structures, documents, systems (kilometers of roads or number of schools rehabilitated)and so on.ActivitiesQuestions Answered: “How will we know if the deliverables have been delivered?” Include app

35、ropriate details about quantity, quality and time.Objectives Indicators & SoVsProject DescriptionIndicatorsGoalObjective(s)/Outcome(s) Objectives indicators focus on demonstrable evidence of a behavioral change, such as adoption or uptake, coverage or reach of Outputs. Objectives indicators norm

36、ally can only be collected by the project itself because they are specific to behavioral changes in response to interventions by/in the specific project and its action area. Secondary sources rarely exist at this level. Tracking Objectives indicators begins as soon as Results have begun being delive

37、red and have had a reasonable amount of time to take effect. Start with “light” monitoring. Then do more, or more targeted monitoring depending on your findings. Deliverables/ OutputsActivitiesQuestions Answered: “How will we know if the Objective(s) have been delivered?” Include appropriate details

38、 about quantity, quality and time.Goal Indicators & SoVsProject DescriptionIndicatorsGoalMany organizations do not require that the Project Manager measure impact of the project against the goal asserting that Project managers generally have no direct influence over the contribution the project

39、makes to the overall objective, and can only be expected to monitor the broader policy and program environment to help ensure the project continues to be contextually relevant. Performance indicator statements and associated data are drawn from appropriate, already-existing sources such as Amnesty I

40、nternational, FAO, Freedom House, IFPRI, Transparency International, World Bank, UN, national government reports, etc.Objective(s)/Outcome(s)Deliverables/ OutputsActivitiesA LogFrame Matrix Example partial build outProject DescriptionIndicatorsSource of VerificationAssumptionsTo contribute to improv

41、ed health, particularly of under 5s and the general health of the river ecosystem.Incidence of water-borne diseases reduced by 30% by 2012, specifically among low income families who live by the river.Municipal hospital and clinic records collected by mobile health teams.Improved quality of river water.Concentration