《物态变化》知识梳理

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8、识框架（填上物态变化和吸放热情况）升华（吸热）二、晶体与非晶体分别有哪些物质区别晶体海波、萘、冰、食盐、钻石、水晶、金属有熔点（凝固点）非晶体蜡、玻璃、塑料、橡胶、沥青、琥珀、松香没有熔点（凝固点）三、熔化、凝固、沸腾的图像晶体非晶体熔化凝固沸腾四、熔化、凝固、沸腾的特点晶体非晶体熔化吸热，温度不变吸热，温度持续上升凝固放热，温度不变放热，温度持续下降沸腾吸热，温度不变五、晶体熔化、凝固、沸腾的条件熔化（2个条件）达到熔点；继续吸热凝固（2个条件）达到凝固点；继续放热沸腾（2个条件）达到沸点；继续吸热六、蒸发与沸腾的异同蒸发第 8 页沸腾不同点发生位置液体表面液体内部和表面温度要求任何温度达到液体沸点液温变化温度下降温度不变剧烈程度缓慢剧烈有无气泡产生无有相同点都是汽化现象都吸收热量七、自然现象与物态变化自然现象物态变化自然现象物态变化雾液化霜凝华露液化冰花凝华雪凝华雾凇凝华八、影响蒸发快慢的因素：液体温度、液体的表面积、液体表面上方空气流动快慢九、温度：1温度表示物体的冷热程度2单位：国际单位制中采用热力学温度，单位为开尔文，简称开（K）常用单位是摄氏度（）规定：在一个标准大气压下冰水混合物的温度为0摄氏度，沸水的温度为100摄氏度，它们之间分100等份，每一等份叫1摄氏度某地气温-3读做：零下3摄氏度或负3摄氏度3温度计（1）原理：利用液