最全初中英语语法之-现在完成时和过去完成时教案

1、名师精编精品教案现在完成时一.用法：（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。与一般过去时的区别：强调过去一一般过去式强调对现在的影响-现在完成时试比较：I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）My mother went to Shan ghai.Where is your mother? -She has gone to Sha nghai.I didnt have breakfast.I havent have breakfast yet.（2）

2、动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。He has bee n in the army for ten years.I have studied En glish since 1980.（4） 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为

3、汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once;二次：twice,三次：three times,ever, never等时间状语。女口：I have bee n to Beiji ng twice.我去过北京二次。She has watched this film three times.I have n ever see n more beautiful girl tha n she.练习5. He has lived in Nanji ng_ the year before last.6. Ive known him_ we were children.7. Our teacher has studi

4、ed Japa nese_ three years.8. She has bee n away from the city_ about ten years.9. Its about ten years_she left the city.二.构成：（1）肯定句：have / has done（2）否定句：.have/has not done（3）一般疑问句：Have/ Has. done .? Yes, . have/has. No, .have/has not.（4）常用的时间状语有：already“已经”冃疋句的中间和末尾处n ever“从不”中间处ever“曾经”疑冋句和肯定句的中间

5、处just“刚刚”中间处名师精编精品教案yet“已经”、“还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处）或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用A. already和yet区别：I have already fini shed my homework.already用在，位于。“已经”Have you fini shed your homework yet?yet用在和中，位于。“仍然，还，已经”B.for与since区另:for +时间段sin ce+时间点I have lived in Chan gch untwo years.I have bee n here7 oclock.用since和f

6、or填空1.two years2.two years ago3.last month4.19995.yesterday6.4 oclock7.4 hours8.an hour9._ we were childre n10._ lunch time11._ she left here 12,_ she was very young13._she was a child 14,_ more tha n twenty year三.have bee n in, have bee n to与have gone to的用法区另(一).have(has) been in表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段

7、时间的状语连用，如:since, for, how long等。例如：Mr. Brow n has bee n in Shan ghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have bee n here (there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave bee n here (there) / abroad(二).have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：I have just bee n to the post office.我刚才

8、去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Han gzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have bee n to Beiji ng three times.我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去 过那个 村庄好几次了。(三).have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总 之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第

9、一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习I.用have(has) been或have(has) gone填空。A: Where_ Li Fei_ ?B: He_ to Hai nan Isla nd.A: How long_ he_ there?名师精编精品教案B: He_ there for three days.A: Whe n will he come back , do you know?B

10、: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I_ n ever_there.A: How many times_Li Fei_to that place?B: He_ there on ly on ce.II.用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He_ his coun try.2) David_ the park just now.3) Joh n_ En g

11、la nd since he came back.4) How long_ Dave_this village?5) The Smiths_Beiji ng for years.6) _ you ever_America? - Yes, I_ there many times.7) I_ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He_the farm.9) When_ he_ ? He_ an hour ago.10) Would you like to_ the zoo with me?-Yes, but I _ there be

12、fore.11) Where_you_ now? - I_ the zoo.12) He ofte n_ swimmi ng.13) _you_ there last year?14) _they ofte n_skati ng in wi nter?四. 注意现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常 是用相应的延续性动词来代替。(就是说：有for或since的句子里，一定不能是非延续 性代词，必须是延续性动词)。例如：borrowkeep,buyhave,begin/startbe on, diebedead,joinbe in/be a memb

13、eof- ,come/arrivebe here/in, come/getbackbe back,go/leavebe away(from),marrybemarried(to),练习1) The film bega n two minu tes ago.The film_ for_ .2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I_a pen for_.3) He left Fuzhou just now.He_Fuzhou for five minu tes.4) He came back two years ago.He_for_.5)He arrived Beiji

14、ng five minutes ago.He_Beiji ng for_ .1arrive at/i n sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.名师精编精品教案be in s w./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He_Beiji ng for_ .2) I moved to the USA last year.I_ the USA since_.3) I went home yesterday.I_ home for

15、_.4) They came here last week.They_ here since_ .2come/go back, returnf be backcome/go outf be out1) He came out two years ago.He_ for_ .2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We_to Fuzhou since_.3becomefbe1) I became a teacher in 2000.I_ a teacher for_.2) The river became dirty last year.The river_dirty

16、for_.4closefbe closed,openfbe open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop_for_ .2) The door ope ned at six in the morning.The door_for six hours.5get upfbe up,diefbe dead leave sw.fbe away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleepfbe asleep finish /endfbe over marryfbe married1) I got up two hours ago.I_ s

17、ince_.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He_Fuzhou for five minu tes.3) My gran dpa died in 2002.My gran dpa_for_ .4) The meet ing fini shed at six.The meeti ng_ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I_ since_ .6) They married in 1990.They_ since_.6start/beg in to do sth.fdo sth. beg infbe on1) I be

18、gan to teach at this school in 1995.I_ at this school since_.2) The film bega n two minu tes ago.The film_for_.7borrowfkeep,losefnot have,buyfhave,put onfwear名师精编精品教案catch/get a coldfhave a cold,get to knowfknow1) They borrowed it last week.They_ it since_ .2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I_ a pen f

19、or_ .3) I got to know him last year.I_ him since_.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I_ my glasses for_ .8have/has gone to f have been in1) He has gone to Beiji ng.He_Beiji ng for two days.9join the league/the Party/the armyfbe a league/a Party member/a soldierfbe a member of the league/the Part

20、yfbe in the league/the Party/ the army1) He joi ned the league in 2002.He_ a_for two years.He_ a_ the_for two years.He_the league for two years.巩 固练习.根据提示完成句子他的爷爷去世三年了。His gran dfather has_ 3 years.His gran dfather has_ 3 years ago.2你买这辆自行车有多长时How long have you_the bike?3我买这本故事书三年了。I have_this story

21、 bookthree years.4.他参军十年了。He has_the Army_ .He has_a_the Army for 3 years.5.玛丽和约翰结婚有十Mary_to Joh n for ten years.7. The film bega n two minu tes ago.The film_ for_ .8. I bought a pen two hours ago.I_ a pen for_ .9. He left Fuzhou just now.He_Fuzhou for five minu tes.10. He came back two years ago.He

22、_ for_ .11. He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He_ Beiji ng for_.名师精编精品教案过去完成时一.【含义】过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的 时间是“过去的过去”。如：He asked if you had written to Peter.他问你是否给Peter写信了。二【结构】1基本形式：had +过去分词。如：We had reached the top of the hill before midni ght.在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。2否定形式:had + not +过去分词

23、。如：They hadnt finished the work when we got there.我们到那儿时，他们还没有完成工作。3一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes,主语+ had. / No,主语+ hadn t.如:Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？Yes, he had. (No, he hadnt.)是的，他告诉了。(不，他没有。)4.被动语态形式：had + been +过去分词。如：When I got there, the wi ndows had bee n broke n.

24、当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。三【用法】1用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如：My father asked me if I had fini shed readi ng that book.爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。2用在“after / before / when +过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。如：Mother had already cooked supper before I retur ned home.在我回到家前，妈妈已经把饭做好了。3和由for或since引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。女口:He had worked in that factory

25、 for five years before he moved here.他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。与其他时态间的联系与区别1.与一般过去时： 和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去， 但强调动作相对于过去某一 时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterdaylast year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去 时态。请区别：By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。We learned

26、ano ther En glish song last mon th.上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。2.与现在完成时：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在； 而表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：I have bee n there twice.我去过那儿两次。I had bee n there twice before I went to school.在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。练习I.从下面各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。()1.Did you see Mr. Smith whe n you were in Fran ce?名师

27、精编精品教案No, whe n I_ Fran ce, he_to Chi na.A. had arrived, had gone B. arrived to, wentC. got to, had gone D. had got to, would go()2. Tom was disappo in ted that most of the guests_ whe n he_ atthe party.名师精编精品教案A. left, had arrivedB. left, arrivedC. had left, had arrivedD. had left, arrived()3. We_

28、four thousa nd new words by the end of last year.A. had lear nedB. have lear nedC. learnedD. will have lear ned()4. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at leastten years since I_ a good drink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. has enjoyedD. had bee n enjoying()5.Catherine _ the letter before her mother cameinto herA. has writte nB. was writte nC. had writte nD. is writi ngII.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Mary