城巿景观的空间形态

1、Spatial Patterns in Urban Landscapes城巿景觀的空間形態Definition of Urban Morphology 城巿形態的定義- The physical arrangement or structure of cities城巿結構及外形排列景觀- It involves landuse pattern, building blocks, densities and functions包活土地用途的模式，樓宇，密度和功能Factors influencing Urban Morphology 影響城市形態的因素1. Site Factors 位置因素-

2、Physical terrain 自然地形e.g. river valley 河谷，Coastal low land 沿岸平地，mountain 高山2. Historical Factors 歷史因素- inertia 慣性- reputation 聲譽，social segregation 社會分隔(ethnic groups 民族，different income group 不同收入組別)- European colonialism in Asian countries歐洲殖民主義在亞洲國家的影響3. Functional Factors 功能因素- dominant function

3、 of the city 城市的主要功能e.g. Canberra is the capital of Australia坎培拉是澳洲首都Shanghai has multiple functions上海擁有多種功能4. Government Influence 政府影響- urban planning 城巿規劃，urban design 城巿詉計e.g. Canberra in Australia is planned to be a garden city澳洲坎培拉被設計成美國城巿Shatin is planned to be a sufficient new town沙田被規劃成自給自足

4、新巿鎮5. Social Values 社會價值- Community pressure may lead to the preservation of parts社團壓力可保護公園的存在6. Economic Forces 經濟力量- Economic circulation leads to differentiation and concentration of major functions經濟環流引玫主要功能的分化集中- land use competition土地利用競爭- Accessibility 能達度 and land values 地值- Different bid-re

5、nt ability 不同付租能力Distance from mkt與巿場距離Land values 地值 / Accessibility 可達度The Urban Land Rent Concept and Distance Decay Mechanism地租及隨距遞減概念1. Areas of high accessibility 可達度高的地區a) Centre of city 城市中心：Peak 高峰b) Major Traffic routes 主要交通幹線：Ridges 脊c) Traffic intersection 交通滙點：secondary peak 次峰ridgesPea

6、kSecondary PeakRental values model 組值模式2. Urban land users found in C.B.D. 城巿土地使用者- high order commercial retail businesses and services- 高等級零售業和服務業- Government offices 政府機構- Consulates 領事館- Trade commission 貿易委員會3. because 因為- they provide high-valued goods or professional services- 提供高價值商品或專業服務- T

7、hey are supported by a large market- 有龐大巿場支持- They have high business turnover - 商業回報高4. Major Urban land use 主要城市土地用途- Commercial land use 商業土地用途- Industrial land use 工業土地用途- Residential land use 住宅土地用途5. Bid-rent ability 出價能力Concentric model同心環模式住宅工業商BidRent出價CIRyxCity 巿Centre 中心Distance from Cent

8、re 距離- Commercial land user can occupy the land from the city centre to point x- 商業用地能佔領由城巿中心至x 點土地- From point x to y, industrial land user can successfully bid for the use of land- 從x 點至y，工業用地能成功佔用土地- Beyond point y, residential land use is dominant.- 越過y點，住宅用地為主Variation in the Bid Rent for Resid

9、ential Use.巿內住宅用地的不同出價情況1. Suburbanization 巿郊化BidRent出價Centre 中心City 巿Distance 距離Residential- Residential bid rents rise towards the outskirts of the city- 朝城巿外圍，住宅用地出價不斷上升Because 因為- Blighting of inner city areas gives a less desirable environment- 內城衰落今居住環境不理想- Increasing value is placed on nearne

10、ss to open space- 接近空曠地方的住宅環境價值增加- Suburban regional shopping centres tend to take away, some of the trade from the city centre- 巿郊的購物中心，吸引更多顧客2. Desirable sites 理想位置Waterfront position海濱，elevated 高地Bushland setting 林景Major Models of Urban Structure主要城巿結構模式- Concentric Model 同心環模式- Sector Model 扇形模式- Multiple-Nuclei Model 多核心模式Delimiting the C.B.D. 商業中心區的定CBHI ：T