高考英语语法讲解及考点练习形容词和副词和比较等级(含解析)

1、2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习形容词和副词和比较等级(含解析)形容词和副词的比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空 若是需要填 more, most或fewer, less , least时，可能也会不给出原级.系动词后接形容词作表语和一 些常用副词(seldom, even , enough, never , hardly) 也是高考的热点之一。一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1 .形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。如：English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。(作定语)Englis

2、h is useful。英语很有用.(作表语)I find English useful。我觉得英语很有用。(作补语)2。副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time。他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。(修饰动词walked)He walked very quickly 。他走得很快。Obviously , I believe we can win it.显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。二、形容词和副词的比较等级1 .形容词副词的规则变化。(1 ) 一般在词尾直接加 er 或

3、est。如：long longer longest 。(2) 以不发音的字母 e结尾的，在词尾直接加 r或st。如：nice nicer nicest.(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的，把 y变为i ,再加er或est。如：heavy heavier heaviest 。(4)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加 er或est。 如：big bigger biggest.(5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。如：slowly -moreslowly most slowly ; beautiful more beaut

4、iful most beautiful 。2。形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。(1)表示相等：as +原级+as(2) 表示不如：not as/ so + 原级+as(3)表示超出：比较级+than(4)表示"最":the+最高级+ of/in短语(表示比较的范围)注意：除了“the+最高级"外，最高级还有其他的表达方式。如：否定词 never等与比较级连用；比较级+than any other+名词单数；比较级+than any of the other+名词复数；比较级 +than anyone else 等.如：How beautifully she si

5、ngs ! I have never heard a better voice。她唱得多好听呀！我从没听过比这更好的声音。(5)表示“越越":the+比较级，the+比较级(6)表示"越来越"：比较级+and+比较级(7) 表示“与其不如 ":morethan(8) the+比较级 特指两个人或者连个食物中较为突出的一个。If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice。 如果说经理一定得从这两个人中选择一个，他会说Tim是更好的选择。(

6、9)倍数的表达法：A + be +倍数as +计量形容词原级+as BThis house is three times as wide as that one。 这个房子是那个房子的三倍宽.A +be+倍数+计量形容，比较级 +than BThe car is exactly five times more expensive than that one。 这辆车比那本恰好贵5 倍。A +be+倍数+the+计量名词+of BThe new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。The+计量名词+of

7、A +be+倍数+that of BThe size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.新广场为以前的四倍大。三、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as+原级+asThe train travelsas fast as the 3 : 55 train.这列车和3: 55的列车开得一样快。as+原级+a/an+名 词单/+asHe is as honest a man as you. 他和你一样是个诚实的人.as many+可 数名 词复娄as;as much+不可 数名词 + as+ +I

8、 have as many books as you 。你许多书。倍数+as+原级+as+名词My room is twice as big as my brother's. 我的房间是我兄弟的两倍大。2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习形容词和副词和比较等级（含解析）不及not as+ 原级 +asShe is not as beautiful asher sister 。她不如她妹妹漂亮.超越比较级+thanHealth is more important than wealth.健康比金钱重要。the+ 比较级 +of the two网若中较的一个He is the taller

9、 of the two.他是两者中较茴的一个。否定no+比较级+than和样不He is no richer than I 。 他和野-样/、富有。not+比较级 再 不过（可译为“非常、十分”）His work couldn t be worse .他的工作糟得不能再糟了。程度递增-er and er,more andmore +多音节词 越来越higher and higher越来越高more and more important越来越重要两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the + 比较级越 ，越The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'

10、ll be able toleave.你越快准备好，我们就能越早离开.三者或三者以上比较the + 最高级+of/in+比较范围之中最They have got some of the most beautiful things in theworld .他们这儿拥有一些世界上最美的东西.注意：no more （ 。 .）than 与 not more （ 。 .） than 的用法在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象这样的短语有很多这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的no more （。.）than 与not more （.。.） than 的用法解释清楚，希望对

11、大家有所帮助：1 .不用于比较，后接数词时，no more than意为“仅仅、只不过、只有"（=o nly）,而not more than 意为“至多、不超过"（ =at the most ）.如：There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket.篮子里只有 15 个鸡蛋。（暗指 15 个鸡蛋太少）There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket.篮子里至多有 15 个鸡蛋。（暗指可能少于15个）2。用于两者的比较时，“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定，

12、相当于neither. 0°nor。.。如：This story is no more interesting than that one. （=Neither this story nor that one is interesting 。）这个故事和那个故事一样没趣.“not+形容词或副词比较级+than”是普通的比较级结构，表示前者不如后者，相当于not as/so o .as.。女口:This story is not more interesting than that one.that one。)这个故事不如那个故事有趣。(=This story is not as/so

13、 interesting as四、比较结构的修饰语1用于原级、 、，.N刖almost , nearly, just , quite , half, twice, three times等The river is three times as long as that one.这条河是那条河是二倍长.2用于比较级前many, a few （用丁 more+W 数名词复数”前）It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.坐火车去那里比坐飞机要花多好多个小时.a lot , much, even, still , far,

14、 a great deal , rather , two years, 5% twice 等My deskmate is even fatter than ma 我同桌甚至比我还胖.3用于最高级前the very, much the, by far , nearly, by no means , almost , not really , the first/second等This cake is by far the largest in theworld 。这个蛋糕是迄今为止世界上最大的。五、两种形式的副词：一个与形容词同形，一个以 -ly结尾1hardhardlyhard刻苦地；努力地；

15、猛烈地；费力地He studies very hard 。 他学习非常努力。hardly 几乎不；简直/、We hardly had time to eat breakfast。 我们几乎没时间吃早饭。2highhighlyhigh 同同地；地位同；尸首同The plane flies high.飞机飞得很高.highly 高度地；非常（常和 praise ,speak等动词连用）They spoke very highly of him.他们称赞他。3deepdeeplydeep修饰具体动作时，往往两个词可互换，但多用deepThey had to dig very deep/deeply

16、in order tofind water.他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。表小静止状态时只用deep（此时多于介词、副词连用）The meeting continued deep into the night。会议持续到了深夜.deeply修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeplyI am deeply grateful to you。 我非常感谢你。deeply 可与 hate , dislike ,I deeply regret his death。我对他的去世深regret , admire, love, value等动词连用，但不能与动词like连用感遗憾。4latelatelylate

17、迟；晚The bus arrived 5 minutes late.公共汽车迟到了五分钟。lately 最近；不久前（同recently ）What have you been doing lately? 最近你在做什么？as late as 与 as lately as者B有 “近至、直到”之意，用法相同I saw him at late/lately as yesterday.直至 U昨天我才看见他。5nearnearlynear近；临近；在附近The train came nearer and nearer.火车越来越近了 .nearly 几乎；差/、多；将近It is nearly t

18、hen o'clock 。差/、多十点钟了。6closecloselyclose 靠近；挨近；接近Come close so that I can see you。 走近点以便我能看清你。closely 紧密地；紧紧地；秘密地；仔细地；严密地We followed closely after him。 我们紧紧地跟在他后面。六、以-ly结尾的形容词1表示时间的形容词hourly 每小时的，daily 每天的，nightly 每晚 的，weekly 每周的，monthly 每月的，quarterly 每季度的，yearly 每年的，early 早的，timely及时的；适时的This t

19、heatrewill give anightly performance 。 这 个剧院将上演一台晚会。2表示人的形容词manly 男子气的 ,womanly 女人气的，wifely 妻子似的，fatherly父亲般的，childly孩子般的，comradely 同志式的What are wifely duties ?什么是做妻子的责任？3表示人的外貌、特 征、性格、心理等 的形容词lovely 可爱的，friendly 友好的，ugly难看的， lively 活泼的,lonely 孤独的，unfriendly 不 友好的，kindly 和蔼的,sickly 病弱的，poorly 贫否的，el

20、derly 年长的，homely朴实的、不漂亮的Childrenare usuallylively 。孩子们常常是精力充沛的/活泼的。表水事物特征、环likely 可能的，orderly整齐的，costly 花费Please leave our classroom4境、情况、状态的形容词大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly 有礼貌的,chilly 冷的,disorderly乱七八糟的，unlikely /、可能的in an orderly way。 让我们的教室整整齐齐的。注意：elder与older ,这两个词都是形容词old的比较级形式，区别在于（1） elder指“年长的&quo

21、t;，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼，常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。（2） older 指“年纪较大的、较老的、较旧的"，修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也等词与to连用可作表语，可用于 than引导的比较状语从句。如 ：My elder brother is two years older than me.我的 哥哥比我年长两岁.1能与to连用，但不能与than连用superior 优秀的、高级 的（反义词inferior）This restaurantis superior tothe one we went tolast week.这豕饭馆比我们上周去

22、的那豕好。senior 年长的、地位局的、资格老的（反义词junior）She is senior to everyone else in the company.她在公司里比其他人资格都要老.2既不能与than连用，又不能与to连用的major 主要的,minor 次要的，表示不太重要 或较次要.The young actress was given aminor part in the newplay.这年轻的女演贝在这部新戏里被分配担任,个小角色。What is the major industry of our nation?我们国家的主要，业是什么？七、senior, junior,

23、 superior, inferior八、某些以a开头的表语形容词以 a开头的只能作表语的形容词有afraid , alone , asleep, alive, alike, aware, awake, ashamed1。 这类形容词一般都不能用very修饰，但可用 much或very much等修饰。如：不育昌说：I am very alone 。只可以说：I am much/very much alone.2。另外，若它们本身带有修饰语，则也可用于名词前作定语.如：the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子a really alive student真正活跃的学生2020

24、年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习形容词和副词和比较等级（含解析）九、多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序限定词（冠词/代词）-数词-描绘形容词-大小-形状-新旧-年龄-颜色-国籍-材料+名词.如：a small round wooden table 一张小圆木桌an old Chinese stone bridge 一座中式老石桥the man's first two famous small red French oil paintings这个人的头两幅著名的红色法国小油画注意： enough 修饰形容词时, 放在被修饰词之后。十、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句 , 作评注性状语常见的此类副词有

25、actually ， anyway ， interestingly ， strangely, eventually, fortunately,luckily, obviously 等。如：Obviously ， your answer is totally wrong.很明显 , 你的答案全错了。Interestingly ， he was only eleven when he composed the sonata.有趣的是 , 他写那一首奏鸣曲时年仅十一岁。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1。 The number of the trees that t

26、he villagers planted last year reached as as 6，000,000.2。 There was so smoke that they couldn t see across the hallway.3。 My little brother is not old to go to school。4。 In that case, there is nothing you can do than wait.5。 I must be getting fat I can do my trousers up.6。 They are little insects th

27、at we can not easily see them with our eyes。7。 There was little food left then that we had to turn to the local people for help 。8。 Mary kept weighing herself to see how much she was getting。9。 I haven't seen the movie and my brother haven t .10。 He is always telling lies, so I will believe him.

28、11。 。 John is very lazy 。 He falls behind in his studies。12。 Two passengers fell into the sea. ， neither of them could swim 。13。 We talked into the night and I was moved by his words。（ deep）14。 I found his talk very and I was really in it。( interest)15。 Who is the greatest poet(live)?16。 The more wo

29、rds you know, the (easy) you can read 。17。 David has won the first prize in singing ; he is stillvery excited now and feels llittle ) desire to go to bed.18。 We have a(month ) rainfall of four inches in winter here.19。 He is by far the(good ) student in his class.20。 I have two brothers and both of

30、them are than me. My brothers are friendlyto me。 (old)21。His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.22。 I left it early because I had an appointment(late) that day.23。 He must be(mental) disabled 。24。 Mary felt(please), because there were many

31、 empty seats in the room。25。 It might have made it a little(hard) for everybody because it meant theyhad to turn around, but that didn't stop the kids in the class.26。 “That would be a very(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours , “ Nick said 。27。 “But

32、such a small thing couldn ' t(possible ) destroy a village 。"28。We drank together and talked (merry) till far into the night.。29。 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did"grow" ( high)。30。 “You tasted the water 。 I tasted the gi

33、ft 。 The water was simply the container for anact of kindness and love. Nothing could be(sweet).”二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。Once, there lived two brothers in a lonely village。 The 1(old) brother was much31。 (wise) than the younger. One day, there was a big hill on the road , which was as 3(heavy ) as 10 t

34、ons, blocking their way. Howcould they move it to the side of the road since there were no modern machines at that time ? The elder brother chose to give in because it was too4(easy) for him and found another way which were about 20 kilometers way。 The other 2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习形容词和副词和比较等级(含解析)insiste

35、d that it would be 5(possible) solved if he removed it. The older one laughed athim, saying that he was 6(stupid) than persistent.7(final), his move movedothers , who helped him solve the problem together 。 This story reminds us that as long as we are32。 (hope) and keep on doing it , hope will not g

36、ive us up 。三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China, one of the earliest cradles of civilization with a long history,is on the rise on theinternational stage. Accordingly,1 the tradition influenced by Confucianism (儒家思想),the Chinese people are generally friendly and 2 (unite )。 They love peace a

37、nd are inclinedto get along well with each other in harmony。 At emergency , some people would sacrifice theirown interests, or rather, give those 3 need help a warm hand at the expense of their own life 。Chinese people sometimes are modest and cope with problems in 4 indirectmanner oOccasionally,Chi

38、nese individuals say "yes" not because they see eye to eye with others5 outof polite , which often make foreigners puzzled and in a dilemma, since 6 cannot make an accurate judgment 。 Frequently , they settle a matter in a devious (委婉的) way 7 (avoid) a hot debate 。In conclusion, different

39、country has different characteristics due to their respective histories, cultures , geographies and so on and personality is just a small portion (部分).Each nation, 8 it is big or small, strong or weak, should 9 (respect ) and with the diversity of civilization , the world will become 10 (colorful) 。助读词汇cradle n。摇篮accordinglyadv。因止匕respective adj, 各自的 interestsn。 禾 U 益occasionallyadv。偶尔 be inclined to倾向于in harmony 和睦融洽地at the expense of以为代价cope with 处理see eye to eye with与意见相同out of polite 出于礼貌in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习形容词和副词和比较等级（含解析）考点练透一、单句填空1. many 2. much 3 。 enough 4 。 oth