学术交际英语课件第一部分(第1,3章6-9,第5章)

1、1. Introduction1.1 Process of paper writing and publishing(学术论文写作与发表流程) 1.2 Functions of academic paper(学术论文的功能)1.3 Features and structure of academic paper(学术论文的特征与结构)1.1 Process of paper writing and publishing(学术论文写作与发表流程) 1.1.1 Process of paper writing(论文写作过程)(1) Selecting a topic(选题)Principles f

2、or selecting a topic: scientific; creative; feasible; practicalThrough analyzing the materials collected the author can grasp the history, the current status and the future development of the research subject.(2) Collecting and analyzing materials(文献资料收集和分析)Try to collect all kinds of materials, inc

3、luding journals home and abroad, collection of papers, newspapers, scientific reports, academic works, theses, statistical materials, inventions, patents, etc.(3) Conceive the paper structure and experiment methods(构思文章结构和实验方法) (4) Conduct the experiment and write the paper(实验研究和撰稿成文) 1.1.2 Paper su

4、bmitting and publishing (投稿和发表) Tip: Search for a proper journal and submit the paper1.2 Function of academic paper(学术论文的功能) Main functions: transmit technology; promote communication Features of academic paper(学术论文的特征)1.3 Features and structure of academic paper(学术论文的特征与结构)Scientific(科学性), original

5、（创新性）, theoretical（理论性）, readable（可读性）, practical（实用性）(2) Structure of academic paper(学术论文的结构)题名（Title）、摘要（Abstract）、关键词（Key Words）、引言（Introduction）、正文（Body）、参考文献（Reference）和致谢（Acknowledgement）、附录（Appendix）Exercise for Chapter 1 3.6 Acknowledgment(致谢) 3.6.1 Example analysis (致谢实例分析)3.6.2 Basic conte

6、nts and commonly used sentence patterns of acknowledgements(致谢的基本内容和常用句式) e.g.1Acknowledgment We thank Prof. Mario Baldi for his contributions to the initial development of FS with tunable lasers. Tunable Laser-Based Design and Analysis for Fractional Lambda Switches (Viet-Thang Nguyen, Renato Lo Ci

7、gno, and Yoram Ofek), IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, N O . 6 , J U N E 2 0 0 8：9 5 7 - 9 6 6 分析：这篇致谢行文简洁，作者仅对Prof. Mario Baldi在该领域初始发展阶段的贡献做了感谢。 3.6.1 Example analysis (致谢实例分析)e.g.2 Acknowledgment The authors are grateful for the constructive comments by anonymous reviewers, which imp

8、roved the presentation of this paper. The authors would also like to thank Professor Rodney Kennedy, Mr. Ramtin Shams, and Dr. Pascal Vontobel for helpful discussions and for their valuable comments. On Information Rates of Time-Varying Fading Channels Modeled as Finite-State Markov Channels （Parast

9、oo Sadeghi, Senior Member, IEEE, and Predrag Rapajic, Senior Member）, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, NO. 8 , A U G U S T 2 0 0 8：1 2 6 8 - 1 2 7 8 分析：作者首先感谢了匿名审稿人，其次对提供有益讨论和宝贵意见的Rodney Kennedy教授， Ramtin Shams先生，和Pascal Vontobel博士表示感谢。 e.g. 3Acknowledgments The authors thank David

10、 Hill and Marilee Burrell for preparing the mouse antisera to WAF1. This work was supported by the Preuss Foundation, the Clayton Fund, and National Institutes of Health grants CA-09071 and CA-43460. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression (El-Deiry W. S, Tokino T, Velculescu V.E, et al.

11、) Cell, 1993, 73(4): 817-825 分析：作者首先感谢了David Hill 和 Marilee Burrell在实验材料准备方面的帮助，并给出了三种来源的4项基金资助信息。 (1) 基本内容应包含: 感谢资助研究工作的科学基金、奖学金基金、合同单位、支持的企业、组织或个人；协助完成研究工作和提供便利条件的组织或个人；在研究工作中提出建议和提供技术支持、实验材料等帮助的人；给予转载和引用权的资料、图片、文献、研究思想和设想的所有者；给予宝贵意见的审稿人和编辑；以及其他应感谢的组织和人。 3.6.2 Basic contents and commonly used sent

12、ence patterns of acknowledgements(致谢的基本内容和常用句式) (2) Commonly used sentence patternsWe thank forWe acknowledge The authors are grateful for sth. by sb.The authors are grateful to sb. for sth.The authors would like to thank for The authors wish to make the acknowledgement of The authors thank forGrate

13、ful acknowledgement is made to Special gratitude is owed/ expressed/given to Thanks to forThanks are owed to Special thanks go to Sincere thanks are given to Thanks must be given to Thanks must be extended to Exercise for 3.6 3.7 References(参考书目)Different formats of references：(1)MLA (Modern Languag

14、e Association) (2)APA(American Psychological Association)(3)CMS(Chicago Manual of Style)(4)CSE(Council of Science Editors)(5)Vancouver Style(6)ACS (American Chemical Society)(7)AMA (American Medical Association) (1) MLA (Modern Language Association)格式强调文献的作者，即文献作者比文献的发表时间更为重要。在这种格式中，参考文献一词通常使用 “work

15、s cited”，并居中安排，文献按照字母顺序排列，双倍行距，各行之间不空行，每条文献的第二行首字母要缩进。e.g.Works CitedBook Author Last Name, Author First Name. Book Title. ed. Editor First Name Editor Last Name. City Published: Publisher, Year. Website Author Last Name, Author First Name. Site Title. ed. Editor First Name Last Name. Publication Da

16、y Month. Year. Accessed Day Month. Year. . (2) APA (American Psychological Association)格式是社会科学领域中的常用格式，在撰写心理学和社会学相关文章时可以使用这种格式。与MLA不同的是，APA格式注重文献的出版时间和标题而非作者。在此格式中，参考文献一词使用References，居中排列，所有文献按照首字母顺序依次排列，双倍行距，第二行首字母缩进，并在页面右上角加注页码和简化的文章标题。e.g.Title Page #ReferencesBook Author, First Initial. Middle I

17、nitial. (Year). Book Title. (Vols. Volume#(s). In First Initial. Middle Initial. Editor Last Name (Ed.), Published City, Published State: Publisher. Web Document Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). In Web Document Title. (chap. Chapter/Section). Retrieved Month. Day, Year, from

18、URL Address (3) CMS (Chicago Manual of Style) 格式CMS格式最早是1890年芝加哥大学的学生使用的，因此而得名芝加哥格式。此格式多用于图书、杂志、报纸以及包括艺术、历史、文学等学科的人文科学领域。它注重标注作者信息而非出版年代。在此格式中，参考文献一词使用Bibliography，居中排列，所有文献按照首字母顺序依次排列，两条文献之间双倍行距，文献内单倍行距，每条文献第一行左对齐，第二行首字母缩进。e.g.BibliographyBook Author Last Name, First Name Middle Name. Book Title. C

19、ity Published: Publisher, Year Published. Website Author Last Name, First Name Middle Name. Site Title. Created Day Month Year. (Accessed Day Month Year). (4) CSE (Council of Science Editors) 格式CSE 格式形成于2000年，它是起源于1957年的CBS (Council Biology Editors) 格式的扩展形式，此格式对细节要求严格，因此常用于科学研究领域或以国际交流为目的的相关领域，而不适合文

20、学领域。此格式中参考文献一词用Cited References，文献不是按照首字母顺序排列，而是按照文内标注出现的顺序相应排列，双倍行距，第二行首字母缩进，在页面右上角标注页码和文章标题缩写。e.g.Heading Page #Cited ReferencesWeb Document Author. Site Title home page on the Internet. Published City (Published State): Publisher; Year Month Day. cited Year Month Day. Available from: URL Address.

21、 Book Author Last Name, First Initial. Book Title. City Published (State Published): Publisher; Year. Total Page Numbers p. Exercise for 3.7 3.8 Appendix (附录) Appendix is not necessary for each paper. It often includes the original materials, relevant materials and graphs, detailed data of the exper

22、iment, computing programs, tables, pictures, questionnaires, etc. Only part of the key materials are presented in order to protect the copyright.3.9 Introduction to Author(作者简介)e.g.1 Viet-Thang Nguyen obtain B.Sc. (00), M.Sc. (03), and Ph.D. (07) from HUT-Vietnam, ICU-Korea, and NIITN-Italy, respect

23、ively. During doctor program, he mainly focused on modeling time-driven-switching (TDS) networks, and developing the first TDS test-bed under the IP-Flow project. His research interest includes optical networking, wireless networking and modeling. He is currently with Vegastar, a new startup busines

24、s in Hanoi-Vietnam. Tunable Laser-Based Design and Analysis for Fractional Lambda Switches (Viet-Thang Nguyen, Renato Lo Cigno, and Yoram Ofek), IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, NO. 6, JUNE 2008: 957-966 分析：这篇简介首先讲述作者获取学士、硕士、博士学位的时间和地点；接着阐述作者在博士期间的主要研究方向以及目前的研究兴趣；最后介绍作者的工作单位。 e.g. 2 Zhe

25、feng Li received both the B.S. degree and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, in 2001, 2004, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark. H

26、is current research interests are space-time coding, and MIMI and OFDM systems. He was awarded an National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Grant in 2007 for attending the ISIT 07. Single-Symbol ML Decoding for Orthogonal and Quasi-Orthogonal STBC in Clipped MIMO-OFDM Systems Using a Clipping Noise M

27、odel with Gaussian Approximation (Zhefeng Li and Xiang-Gen Xia), IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, NO. 7, JULY 2008: 1127-1136 分析：这篇简介首先介绍作者获取学士和硕士学位的时间和地点；接着介绍作者目前攻读博士学位的地点、研究兴趣以及所获奖项。 (1)Sentence patterns to express the achievement of an academic degree(表达获取学位的句型)xx年xx在xx地方的xx大学xx系获得了x

28、x专业xx学位。 received/obtained/was awarded the degree in (specialty) from Department at University， city, state or province, country, in year. xx年xx从xx地方的xx大学获得xx学位。 received the degree from University, city, in year.xx在xx地方的xx大学xx系攻读xx学位。 is currently pursing the degree with Department, University, cit

29、y. (2)Sentence patterns to express the working experience(表达工作经历的句型)xx在xx单位担任xx。 holds position at/in/for. works/servers as/acts as for/in/at . is/was/ has been with as xx是xx地方xx大学xx系的副教授。 is an Associate Professor with xx Department, University, city.xx是xx大学xx系的教师。 is a faculty member of Department

30、 at University. (3)Sentence patterns to express the research direction and interests(表达研究方向和兴趣的句型)xx目前的研究兴趣包括。s current research interests include/are has focused his activity on (4)Sentence patterns to express the awards and the published paper (表达获奖或发表论文情况的句型)xx(因为xx)获取了xx奖 was awarded for is the

31、recipient of award for received award for was the winner of award.xx 是xx奖项的联合获奖者。 was a joint recipient of award forxx是xx书的作者/联合作者/第一作者。 is the author/coauthor/first-named author of book.xx 在xx领域已经发表了xx篇文章。 has published papers in the area of Exercise for 3.9 5. Paper publishing (学术论文发表) 5.1 Formats

32、 and typesetting(格式与排版)5.2 How to submit a paper to the journal(如何投稿) 5.3 Review and proofreading(评审与校稿) 5.4 Copyright and permission (版权与许可) (1)有不少国外科技期刊采用LaTex或类似软件排版，国内科技期刊多采用北大方正、LaTex、Word等排版。(2)如果编辑部没有特别说明，一般采用Microsoft Word来编辑论文 (3)数学公式编辑器MathType (4)参考文献管理软件，比如Endnote，Reference Manager，Bibli

33、oscape，NoteExpress等 5.1 Formats and typesetting(格式与排版)5.2 How to submit a paper to the journal(如何投稿) (1)Check the grammar and expression(2)Check if the paper satisfies the requirement of the journal (3)Check whether the references are complete and consistent(4)Check if there are any unpublished mate

34、rials contained in the paper, which may involve the improper use of copyright(5)Check whether the names of the author and the organization, and the way of contact are correct(6)Pay attention to the paper-approving method of the journal 5.2.1Try to choose a proper journal and check your paper before

35、submitting.e.g.Dear Prof. *(收稿人姓名),This is a manuscript by*and * (作者姓名) titled “论文题名”. It is submitted to be considered for publication in your journal. This paper is new. Neither the entire paper nor any part of its content has been published or has been accepted elsewhere. It is not being submitte

36、d to any other journal. We believe the paper may be of particular interest to the readers of your journal as the study results are of great importance to the development of this research field. (接着简单介绍文章的主要创新点和意义，不宜过多，但要突出新意和关键点。)All authors have read and approved this version of the article.Corresp

37、ondence should be addressed to * (通讯人姓名) at the following address, phone and fax number, and email address: .Thanks very much for your attention to our paper. Sincerely yours, * (作者姓名) 5.2.2 How to write a cover letter(投稿信的写作) 5.2.3 How to contact the editor after submitting the paper (投稿后与编辑的联系) (1

38、) How to write a letter to the editor to confirm whether the paper has been received. e.g.Dear Editor，Three weeks ago we submitted our manuscript titled “Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Long-Term Transfusion Patients” to your journal, and we havent got the acknowledgement of receipt yet. Given this c

39、onsiderable time, we are now wondering whether you have received our paper. We are looking forward to your reply. Correspondence and phone calls about the paper should be directed to Rose N. Dipaola at the following address, phone and fax number, and e-mail address： Rose N. Dipaola，MD Institute of Internal MedicineCleveland Clinic Foundation9500 Euclid Ave.Cleve