选修六unit4知识点

1、U4（ 选修六 ）on/ upon+ n 依靠 , 依赖 , 确( 坚) 信 You cant depend on your parents forever.depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做 You can t depend on him to come on time.depend on/upon +it +that . 指望 .You may depend on it thathe will come.depend on/upon +wh- 从句Whether you can pass the examdepends on how hard you work.T

2、hat (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语 ) 视情况而定，I may help you.But that/ it depends.2. light1) n. 光, 线, 灯2) v. 照亮,点燃 lit(lighted ) lit(lighted )He lit a match. 他划着了一根火柴。A smile of triumph lit up her face.她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着light. （轻的） falling. （ 蒙蒙细雨）. 他睡不沉。 （易醒的）heavy rain

3、 / rain cats and dogs3) adj .The suitcase is veryThere was a light rain 盆大雨He is a light sleeper 3.heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖heated adj. 热的激烈的 heated debate, heated discussionheatedly adv. 愤怒地激昂地heater 加热器发热器consumer (n.).1 消耗 , 花费 ; 耗尽She consumed most of her time in reading.2 吃 完 , 喝 光 The kids so

4、on consumed all the food on the table.孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。3 使全神贯注,使着The boy wasconsumed with curiosity.那男孩充满好奇心。+with.= Please come here as soon as you can. as one can = as as possible Please come here as soon as possible as many as 多达 as long as 长达 , 只要 as far as 远至 , 就而论 as well as和一样好 , 也 , 和as e

5、arly as 早在6. 对比：Our food supply hasgiven outHis money soon ran out.We are running out of our time. I have run out of my oil.All his savings have beenused up .7.Trap vt. 陷入 / n. 陷阱圈套They finally trapped the mouse in a cage. 最后，他们用笼子把老鼠逮着了。The police set atrap for the thieves.She was trapped in the bu

6、rning house. .from . 远离 .stop . (from) . 停止 . prevent (from) . 阻止 .You should clean your room to keep it from getting dirty. 你应该打扫房间以保持干 净。Keep doing 继续keep out 挡住使进不去keep up with 跟上9 What do you think green house gases do?你认为温室气体有什么作用呢 ?本句中 think 后接了一个由 what 引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是： 特殊宾语从句即 当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是 t

7、hink, believe ，suppose ， consider, imagine ， guess 和 suggest 等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。 例如： 正 Who do you think will win in the game? 误 Do you think whowill win in the game?当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如： 正 Do you know why we cant cut down the big tree? 误 Why do you know we cant cut down the big tree?when compare

8、d to other natural changes 是一个 省略的时间状语从句 ，其 完整 的形式 应 该是 When it is compared to ;在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句和主句为同一主语，或者从句的主 语是 it, 而且从句中的谓语动词时动词 be 或含有助动词 be，可省略主语和 be 如： If (it is) so, you must get back and get it. Although (he was) criticized, he still worked hard.He hurt his legs badlywhen (he was)

9、playing footballcompare to/ with:与相比Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate. compared to most natural changes与大多数的自然变化相比compare A with B ：相比(不同)If you compare her work with his, you will find hers is much pare A to B ：把 A 比作 B A teachers work is oftencompared to a candle

10、.People often compare teachers to gardeners.人们经常把老师比做园丁。The poet compares his lover to a rosein his poem.e about: 发生 =happen( 无被动)1 .This situation should neverhave come out.2 .How did it come about thathe had his leg hurt?他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的？3 .This has notcome about overnight. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒Take place 事件的发

11、生有某种原因或事先的安排 ： The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing.Happen 偶然或突发性事件： what happened to you?I happened to see him on my way home= It happened that I saw him on my way home. Occur 发生或想到，突然想起，意为发生时 =happen: what has occurred?I occurred to me that she didn t know I had moved into the new house

12、.Come about 事情发生了， 但还不知道为什么 。常用于否定和疑问 When mother woke up, she didn t know what had come about.Break out 常指战争灾难疾病争吵事件的发生 拓展：come into being形成Come into power/office当权 / 当职Come into force/effect开始生效Come out 出版 , 结果 come across 偶遇come to 共计， 苏醒When it comes to 涉及Come up with 提出Come up 在空中出现，Come along,

13、 进展，跟随 come true 成真is no doubt that. 毫无疑问 .There is no doubt thathe can come on time.doubt 的宾语从句 , 肯定句 whether / if / that ；否定句只用 that He doubted whether they would be able to help.He never doubted that they would win the game. beyond / without doubt无疑地13.random 随意的胡乱的随机的 randomly =at random 任意地随便地1

14、4. phenomenon (sing.) phenomena (pl.)the phenomena of nature 自然现象 a social phenomenon 社会现象vi. Vt.I subscribe to your opinion completely.(同意赞同 )I subscribe to a weekly women s magazine ( 订阅报纸杂志)She subscribes to a society which helps to protect animals(定期捐款 )16Without the green house effect ，the eart

15、h would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句=If there were no“ green house effect ” , the earth would be about thirty-threedegrees Celsius cooler than it is.But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)， there would be no modemindustry 要是没有电，就

16、不会有现代工业。He was having a meeting with his students； otherwise he would have come.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。He felt very tired yesterday,or he would have attended the party他昨天很累 , 不然他就参加那个聚会了。17. add v. add up 加起来 add up to 合计达 add to 增加If you add 4 to 3 , you get 7=4 and 3add up to 7Add up these figu

17、res, please.18. quantity1）He likes reading and always buys booksin quantity . 他喜欢阅读 ,总是成批地买书。2）He prefers quality to quantitywhen food is concerned. 在吃的方面，他重质而不重量3A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature began to rise. 自从气温升高，大量的空调已经被卖出去了。a large quantity of/large qua

18、ntities of;大量的，许多的in quantity; 成批地，大量地large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词 。large quantity of 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 large quantitie s of 作主语，谓语动词都用复数Quantities of food were on the table.Huge quantities of CO2are added to the atmosphere.（ +不可数）added to theHuge quantities of fossil fuels化石燃料 are

19、burned to produce energy.（+可数）As a result of burning fossil atmosphere.A. number; isC. number; arefuels, a large _of carbon dioxideB. quantity; isD. quantity; areKey：Bmeans that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上

20、升。causing 现在分词短语置于句尾，通常和句子隔开，作结果状语。 现在分词作结果状语时，表示正常的结果 ，例如：His father died, leaving him a lot of money and a big company. 不定式短语也可以置于句尾，有时前面加 only, 在句子中作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料 之外的或事与愿违的结果， 例如：He hurried to the station,only to find thatthe train had left already.20. Tend- tendencyvt. 照顾，护理She is tending （to）a

21、 very sick patient. （她在护理一位重病人。）There is a farmer tending his sheep.vi. tend to do易于，往往会；倾向于When I m tired, Itend to make mistakes.He tends to get angry whenpeople oppose his opinion.went up （to Cambridge）in 1977. （ 英 ） 上大学Cigarettes aregoing up （in price）.上涨New office blocksare going up everywhere.

22、 建造起盖起The whole building went up in flames. 被烧 （ 炸 ） 毁When are you next going up to Scotland? 北上 苏格兰 Unemployment has gone up again. 增加The curtain goes up on a suburban living-room.（ 舞台幕布 ） 拉起We re going up toLondon next weekend. 进城 .go up in smoke 化为乌有go by 经过go in for 参加go through 经历，遭到go on 前进22.

23、 result in 导致 , 造成 =lead toThe accident resulted in three people being killed.result from:起因于，因为The accident the death of two passengers.A. resulted from B. resulted in C. resulted ofD. resulted withKey ： B 23. oppose sth 反对某事；oppose doing sth 反对干某事be opposed to sth./doing sth. 反对 as opposed to( 介词

24、) 与对照下1) Most citizens opposed the new tax. 大部分市民反对新税。2) The mother opposed her daughter s going there alone. 这位母亲反对她女儿一个人 去那儿3) I m strongly opposed toyour plan. 我坚决反对你的计划。4) His daughter is very athletic, as opposed to his son, who is very clever.他的女儿擅长运动，他的儿子却擅长动脑，两人形成鲜明的对比。表示“反对”的短语：say no to 对说

25、不，拒绝，反对； be against 反对，不同意； object to (doing)sth. 反对，讨厌； object that 对提出异议。例如：Can you explain why yousaid no to my offer? 你能否解释一下为什么拒绝我的帮助？They objected thatthe schedule was too tight.它们对工作进度表太紧提出异议。24.be of no/little/great/much +consequence不 / 非常重要as a consequence (of )=in consequence (of ) 结果(是)，由

26、于take the consequence of 承担责任answer for the consequences对后果负责。1)The rise in lung cancers wasa consequence of cigarette smoking.肺癌的增长是吸烟造成的结果。2) Im afraid you re ill.你恐怕是病了吧 It s of no consequence.不要紧3) As a consequence of a great fire the house was completely destroyed.由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。4)Who should ans

27、wer for the consequence of the accident. 谁应该为这起事故负责？25. mild adj.1) 温 和的,温柔的He is the mildest man alive.他是世上最和善的人了。2) 温 暖的,暖和的Its been a mild winter this year.今年的冬天一直很暖和。3) 味 淡的,不浓烈的Please make my drink a mild one.请把我的酒调得淡一点。4) 轻 微 的, 不 重 的宽大的He was given a mild punishment.他被从轻发落。26. state-statement

28、The witness stated thatshe had never seen Mr. Smith陈述 ; 声明 ; 说明The president has made an important statement aboutthe matter. 陈述 ; 声明 ; 说明Ice is the solid state ofwater . 形态In china, the railway are owned by thestate . 国家 , 政府There are 50 states in America州Everything was in a state of disorder. 状态区分

29、：state 是常用词，只人或物所处的外表、心理、健康及所处的情形等方面的情况，但不如 condition 具体，只用作单数形式。Eg： The house was in a dirty state.condition 是常用词，1 用作单数形式，表示人或物目前所处的真实具体状态，尤指内在状 态，可与 state 替用； eg. be in poor/good condition2 用作复数形式时，笼统地表示一般状态eg. poor working conditions .situation 是一般用词，尤指处于某时期的状况，处境，局面，形势。指各种具体情况综合 起来的状态，多指危急或重大的事

30、态，强调外部因素对该事态的影响，常用作单数形式。 oneself in an embarrassing situationposition 1 有利的状况(如竞争中或战争中的) 2 (尤作单数 ) 处境，情势(尤指影响某人 行为的能力)am not in a position to help you.我帮不了你。27. range n.1) 排列 , 将. 排成行 The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.2 )( 在一定范围内 ) 变化The prices of the pensrange from $5-$100.3) It s beyond

31、the range ofmy ability.4) I came withinmy range of vision .5) he has a wide range of knowledge.beyond the range of 超出范围within the range of 在范围内range from A to B 范围从 A 到 B 28.1) The clouds are building up.云彩在 聚集2) You need more protein tobuild you up. 增强体质 , 强身健体 。3) She s built up a very successful

32、business. 逐步 建立4) The singer has been built up into a good success. 吹捧，赞扬5) I m very glad to see that your vocabulary is graduallybuilding up. 逐渐增长6）Hard working conditionsbuild up character. （ 喻） 能磨练人的性格29. even if （ +假设） /though （ +已发生 / 事实）即使I wouldnt tell youeven if I knew.Even if she survives,

33、shell never fully recover. Even though hes 24 now, hes still like a little child.I can still remember,even though it was so long ago.30. steady-steadily A steady job/income平稳的，持续的，可靠地，稳固的稳定的工作 / 收入A steady worker 可靠的工人Steady rain 连绵的雨31. tendency 倾向 趋势She has artistic tendencies. 她有艺术 气质 。There is a

34、 growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.Mary is nice but shehas a tendency to talktoo much.有倾向 ; +to （do） /towardHe has a tendency towards pessimism. 他有悲观的倾向。Bob has a tendency toexaggerate things. 鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。区 分 ： Trend tendencycurrent:这些名词均含“趋势，倾向”之意。A recent trend in lit

35、erature, fashiontrendtendency:指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰。trend: 指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势。current:指向某一方面发展或在确趋向中行动32. widespread adj .分布广的，普遍的The forests are widespread inour country.我们的国家森林 分布很广 。The new laws gained widespread acceptance.Their suggestion metwith widespread disagreement 普遍的There was a widespread

36、 belief in his innocence the whole 总的来说；从总体上看On the whole , he is a good boy.The weather this month has been coldon the whole.On the whole, I m in favor of the idea.The paper is well writtenon the whole.34. average 平均；平均水平 adj/n.above the average 在一般 水平以上 , 中上 ; 在平均数以上 below the average 在一般水平以下 , 中下

37、 ; 在平均数以下 on average平均 , 按平均数计算 ; 一般地说on an average平均 , 按平均数计算 ; 一般地说The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24.(N) 4、8 和 60 的平均数是 24。What is the averagerainfall for August in your country?The average age of the students in this class is 9.His average result (of this three subjects) is 96.His results is the

38、average . 他成绩平平I d say he was of average height.中等个头Tom is good at maths-well above average. 远远高于平均水平On average , babies start walking at a year old.一般 / 平均来说短语：behalf of 代表一方We attended the global conferenceon behalf ofour country.I m greatly honored toperformance here on behalf of my school.v. 提倡主

39、张拥护鼓吹 / n. 提倡者He advocates building more schools.The public advocated passing the mitment -commit v. 犯罪犯错误 , 使承担义务 , 为某人作出保证 commit a crime3.make a difference : 有关系，有影响，有重要性 make no difference ：没有关系，没有重要性It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去或明天去没有多大关系 It make no

40、difference if you light a lamp in the sunshine.白天点灯多此一举。up with 忍受 ; 忍耐 ; 受苦We can t put up withhis endless complaint.Im afraid youllhave to put up withhis bad temper.That woman, as a housewife, has a lot toput up with.Noise is coming to the point wherewe can t put up with it.与 stand, bear 同义We have

41、 to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days. I cannot stand waitingany longer.Modern plastics can very high and very low temperature.A standB. holdC. carry D. SupportKey: Aput aside 节省 （ 钱、时间 ）; 储蓄 ; 把放在一边 put away 收拾起来 ;储存 （钱）put back 放回原处 ; 拖延put down 写下 ; 记下 ; 控制put for

42、ward 提出 （ 意见、建议 ）; 推荐put off 延期; 推迟put out 熄灭 ; 扑灭put up 举起; 张开 （伞）; 张贴 ;为提供食宿long as / as long as只要，如果As long as you dont betray me,Ill do whatever you ask me to （do）.You can go out, as / so long asyou promise to be back before 11 oclock.As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe.You may

43、 borrow this bookso long as you promise to give it back.I will stayas long as I can.on condition that在的条件下1） I will go abroadon condition thatI earn enough money. 如果我挣到足够的钱，我就出国。2）We will help you on condition that/as long as you can offer us the proper reason. 只要你能给我们合适的原因，我们就会帮助你。adj. 随便的漫不经心的偶然的，

44、休闲的便装的His casual manner annoyed me . 他 无所谓的态度 令我恼火Don t be casual aboutthis. 不要 对此 漠不关心He was forced by the 数）Due to circumstancescircumstances to do this. 他做此事是为 环境所 迫。 （常用复 beyond our control the lecture was cancelled.由于无法控制的情况 ，讲座取消了。Under no circumstances The weather was terrible, 在这种情况下I will n

45、ot vote for himshould you lend him any money.under/in the circumstances,under/in any circumstances决不，无论如何不I decided to put off my journey.在任何情况下困时 喝杯茶提神令我们 精神振奋=I will under/in no circumstances vote for himwill I vote for him.= under/in no circumstances v.（ 使）精神振作 , （ 使）精力恢复 , 更新When tired, you canr

46、efresh yourself with a cup of teaThe host refreshed our teacups.主人又为我们 斟茶 。Sometimes, a small thing all canrefresh your memorythe company s success. he Red Cross 捐钱5 years. 投稿n. - contribute toHe has/makes an important contribution toHe Contributeda great deal of money to tShe has been contributing to the paper forExercises contribute