高考英语定语从句讲解

1、整理ppt定语从句定语从句整理ppt1定语从句定语从句：2先行词先行词：3关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个关系词通常有下列三个作用作用：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有等；关系副词有when,where,why等。等。A、

2、引导定语从句；、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；、代替先行词；C、在定、在定语从句中担当一个成分。语从句中担当一个成分。 整理ppt关系代词的一般用法关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。整理pptThis is the man _helped me yesterday. The teacher (_) you want to see is com

3、ing. I met a boy _father was a astronaut. Here is the coat _will be made to you. This is the factory (_) we visited last year. He has a book _ cover (=the cover_) is very beautiful. whowho/whom/thatwhosewhich/thatwhich/thatwhoseof which（作定语）（作定语）(作主语)(作see的宾语，可以省略)(作定语)(作主语）(作visited的宾语，可以省略)整理ppt关系

4、副词的一般用法关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。整理pptThere are occasions _ one must yield. （屈服）

5、Beijing is the place _ I was born.Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?when (=on which)where (=in which)why (=for which)注意注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。整理ppt(1)The factory _his father worked has closed. 比较：The factory _was built in 1978 has closed. (2) Ill never forget

6、 the days _ we lived together. 比较：Ill never forget the days (_) we spent in Australia. (3) The reason (_) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 比较：The reason (_ ) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. where(作状语)which/that(作主语)when(作状语)that(作及物动词spent的宾语)why(作状语，用关系副词)that(作gave的宾语

7、，用关系代词)整理ppt在定语从句中，关系代词 which 和 that 都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：只能用只能用that而不能用而不能用which的情形的情形(1) 当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 thing 所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.(2)当先行词前面有当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all

8、,very等形容词修饰时，只能等形容词修饰时，只能用用that。如：。如：This is the only problem that we cant work out. 整理ppt(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用只能用that。如：。如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. (4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：。如：Luxun and his works that we are familiar with a

9、re considered great. (5) 当先行词在当先行词在主句中作表语时，只能用that。如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. (6) 当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用 that。如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 整理ppt只能用只能用which而不能用而不能用that的情形的情形(1)当非限制性定语当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用 which。如： The pencil-case, which I bou

10、ght last week, is missing. (2)关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. (3)先行词为代词先行词为代词that或或that所修饰时，只能用所修饰时，只能用which。如：。如：I dont take that which is too expensive. 整理pptwho (whom) 和和that的用法区别详解的用法区别详解 在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，一、用一、用w

11、ho (whom) 而不用而不用that的情形的情形(1) 在在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. (2) 当定语当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? (3) 当先行词为当先行词为people

12、和和those时，只能用时，只能用who (whom)。Those who want to go there come here please. 整理ppt(4)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人指人)时，只能用时，只能用who(whom)。如：。如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy. (5)先行词指人，而先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few

13、days. (6)在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。There are students in our class who / whom you have met. (7)当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：The boy that you met just now is Li Mings brother who just graduated from a university. 整理ppt二、用二、用that 而不用而不用who (whom)的情形的情形(1) 当先行

14、词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. (2) 当当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. (3) 当主句是以当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用只能用that。如：。

15、如：Who is woman that you talked with just now? 整理ppt(4)thesameas与与the same thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.整理ppt限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语

16、从句的区别整理ppt非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：应注意以下几点：整理ppt一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。如： 1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 二、 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用for which代替why。如： 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend th

17、e meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是常见搭配。) 整理ppt三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。如： 1. As I expected, he didnt believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise

18、, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 整理ppt四、 非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。如： 1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。 2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper.

19、 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了一会儿报纸。 整理ppt五、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换，也不能省略。如： 1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。 2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略

20、。) 整理ppt六 Which可指前面整个句子。 The sun sends out light and heat, which makes it possible for living things to exist on the earth.太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球上生存。 His father is an engineer, _ makes him very proud. for what . which . that . what整理ppt2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whenB.

21、whichC.thatD.itwhich可代替句子可代替句子,用于非限定性定语用于非限定性定语从句从句,而而what不可。不可。that不能用于非限定不能用于非限定性定语从句性定语从句,it不为连词不为连词,使由逗号连接的使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。B整理pptas与与which引导非限制性定语引导非限制性定语从句从句的区别的区别 这类定语从句只能由 which 或 as 引导。两者之间的区别在于：1.which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如：David, as you know, is a photograopher. (不可用which)As is often the case, Li Ming is late. (不可用which)2.as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。如：Li Ming was late, which (=