初中定语从句讲解练习及答案_百度文库

1、一、 定义:在复合句中, 修饰某一 名词 或 代 词 的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的 句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2 You must do everything that I do .上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从 句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在 先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有 关系代词 that, which, who(宾格 who, 所有格 whose 和 关系副词 where, when、 why关系词常有三个作用 :1、引导定

2、语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一 个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在从句中做主语(1The boys are from Class One.(2Yesterday I helped an old manhis way.2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常 可省略。(1 Mr. Liu is the persontalked about.注意:关系代词 whom 在口语和非 正式语体中常用 who 代替,可省略。 (3 The mannow is my friend.3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾 语,做宾语时可省略(1 Footba

3、ll is a gamemost boys. ( which 在句子中做主语 (2 This is the penyesterday . ( which 在句子中做宾语 4. that指人时, 相当于 who 或者 whom ; 指 物时,相当于 which 。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语 时可省略。(5 The peoplecity are all here. (在句子中做主语 (6 Where is the manthis morning? (在句子中做宾语 5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句 中做定语(1 He has a frienddoctor .(2 I l

4、ived in a housefallen in.whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3The classroomwill soon be repaired.=The classroombroken will soon be repaired.(5Do you like the bookyellow ?=Do you like the book?注:that 用法(1不用 that 的情况(a 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错 The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b 介词后不能用。We depend

5、 on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代 词的情况(a 在 there be 句型中,只用 that ,不 用 which 。(b 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用 that ,不 用 which 。(c 先行词有 the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用 that 。 (d 先行词为序数

6、词、数词、形容词最 高级时,只用 that, 不能用 which 。 .(e 先行词既有人,又有物时。(f 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.(g 为了避免重复.(h先行词是 the way或 the reason时, that 可作关系副词,也可省略(i 主句的主语是疑问词 who /which时 举例:Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗? Who that break the window should be punished .谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.All that is needed is a

7、supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词 关系副词:在句中作状语 关系副词 =介词 +关系代词 why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词 搭配 when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先 行词搭配 1. where 指地点 , 在定语从句中做地点状 语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1 Shanghai is

8、 the city where I was born.(2 The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.2. when 引导定语从句表示 时间 。在定语 从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2 The time when we got together finally came.注 表示时间 “time" 一词的定语从句只用 when 引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当 然也不用 that 引导。

9、By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待 了两个星期。I still remember the first time I met her. 我 仍然记得我第一次见到她。Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品, 如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。3. w

10、hy 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状 语(1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由 “介词 +关系代词”引导的从句替换(1 The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2 From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know w

11、hat he wanted when he grew up.注:1介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2 that 前不能有介词。3 某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原 因状语的 " 介词 +关系词 " 结构可以同关系副 词 when ,where和 why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remembe

12、r the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late.练习 (一 请分析一下定语从句:( 请划出定语从句, 并标出先行词 1. Check the ways you study for an English test.2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3. You couldnt understand people who ta

13、lked fast.4. I have some ideas that may help.5. They said something you didnt like.6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do.9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10. What are some of the rules that a teen

14、ager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、 用关系代词填空:that 、 which

15、 、 who 、 whom 、 whose1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher.6. The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7. Th

16、e person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the ti

17、me.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _ family is

18、in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择( 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing.A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( 2. Whats the name of theprogram_.A. which are listening B. you are listening toC

19、. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A. in which B. in that this C. all that D . in everything( 4. He was the only person in hisoffice_ was invited.A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( 5. This is the museum_ we visited las

20、t year.A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened.A. that B. what C. which D. who( 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talkC. I often talk with D. that I often talk( 8. I like the house_ windows face south.A. whose B. whos

21、 C. it's D. its( 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _?A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( 10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that练习 (二 1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A. which B. what C

22、. as D. those 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have

23、 observed B. what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. because B. why C. that D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. that C. all that D. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost ba

24、re, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. what12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the co

25、ncert we attended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn16. Anyo

26、ne _ this opinion may speak out.A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you ta

27、lked about itC. which you talked with D. you talked about19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang ga

28、ve the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarc