attributive clause

1、Attributive ClauseDialogues:A: Do you know the gentleman?B: Which gentleman?A: The gentleman came to our school this morning.B: Oh, you mean Mr. Smith.Do you know the gentleman?The gentleman came to our school this morning.the gentlemanThe gentlemanDo you know the gentleman?The gentleman came to our

2、 school this morning.the gentlemanThe gentlemanDo you know the gentleman who came to our school this morning?先行词先行词who引导词引导词Attributive clause主句主句定语从句定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或：在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。定语。定语从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系代词或关从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引出。先行词在从句中要系副词引出。先行词在从句中要充当成分充当成分，先行词

3、在从句中先行词在从句中不能不能再次出现。再次出现。指物的关系代词有指物的关系代词有which, that。指人的关系代词有指人的关系代词有who和和whom, that。e.g. The man who told me the news is a friend of mine. I want to find a woman (who/whom) I can invite to be my model.Task One:指出下列句子当中的先行词，关系代词和定语从句部分指出下列句子当中的先行词，关系代词和定语从句部分:1) Anyone who breaks the rules is to be

4、punished.2) The man (whom/who) I met at the school gate is my class teacher.3) He is the man who knows the answer to the question.4) The lady (who/whom) he sent a letter to was a musician.5) The boy who made the mistake is one of my friends.Task Two:1) Alice is a vegetarian（素食主义者）（素食主义者）. In her dai

5、ly life, she refuses any kind of meat. Now she comes to a new school. And she wants to make friends with those _（只吃蔬菜的人）。（只吃蔬菜的人）。2）A bank was robbed yesterday. The policemen shoot at one of the robbers and he was bleeding in the left arm. Now the police want to catch the man _（左手受伤的人）。（左手受伤的人）。who

6、only eat vegetables who was wounded in the left hand 3) Your classmate Xiao Ming had a traffic accident yesterday. You visited him today and thought he is the boy _（应该被好好照（应该被好好照顾的人）。顾的人）。who should be taken good care ofTask Three:a) _or _ are used to introduce an Attributive Clause about people. b)

7、 If the modified word（被修饰名词）（被修饰名词） are subject（主语）（主语） in the clause we can use the pronoun_. If the words refer to object（宾语）（宾语）, then we can use _or_.c) If the modified words（被修饰名词）（被修饰名词） are used to refer to _(subject/ object) in the clause, then the pronoun（关系代词）（关系代词） can be omitted（省略）（省略）.

8、whowhomwhowhowhomobject This is the book (which/that) I bought yesterday. This is the pen which/that belongs to Jean.3) The man who/that employed me is an engineer.4) He is going to invite his distant relatives (who/whom/that) he has never seen before.Task One:指出下列句子当中的先行词，关系代词和定语从句部分指出下列句子当中的先行词，关系

9、代词和定语从句部分:1) The watch (which/ that) I lost has been found.2) The story (which/ that) we heard yesterday is very moving.3) This is the book (which/that) he asked for.4) Is she on the plane which/that took off half an hour ago?5) The man that/who wrote the book is an English professor.Task Two:Mrs. G

10、reen got married last month. She is learning to be a good wife. But she really has a headache about buying, keeping and cooking food. Can you give her some advice?1) Dont/buy/the potatoes/are green2) Buy food/ from the shop/ always full of people3) Choose the fish and the meat/ looks fresh4) In the

11、kitchen/ put everything in the place/ easy to reachTask Three:a) _or _ are used to introduce an Attributive Clause about things.b) The word_ can be used to refer to both humans and things.c) The words “which” and “that” can be used to work as both _ and _. （句子成分）（句子成分）b) If the modified words（被修饰名词）

12、（被修饰名词） are used to refer to _ in the clause, then the pronoun can be omitted（省略）（省略）.whichthatthatsubjectobjectobjectExercise One:Now suppose you make a pen friend, Jerry, on the Internet. He told you a lot about himself. Now its your turn. You write him an email about yourself and your school. (Tr

13、y to help to complete the following article.)Hi, Jerry. I am a student_(study/ Wei Yu Senior School). Wei Yu Senior School is a middle school _(found/ in 1943). who/that studies in Wei Yu Senior Schoolwhich was founded in 1943Last year is our schools 65th birthday. So many schoolmates_(used to/ stud

14、y in our school) came back. who/that used to study in our schoolAmong them, some are very famous. For example, he is Huang Hao _( a famous host/ Shanghai). who/that is a famous host in ShanghaiBy the way, Our school is a boarding school _(have/ both the teaching buildings and the dormitory buildings

15、). It is so beautiful that I love it very much. which/that has both the teaching buildings and the dormitory buildingsI am a boy _(study/ in senior one). When in school, usually I will play basketball after class for it is a game _( make me feel relaxed). who/that is studying in senior onewhich/that

16、 makes me feel relaxedWhen I go home, after finishing my homework, I like listening to music. And Linking Park is the band _(I like most). I am too eager to see you. I hope that I will meet you one day.(which/that) I like mostGame:Requirements:Every four students form a group. b) I will give each gr

17、oup a piece of paper. On each paper you will find some words about something or someone.c) Use attributive clause to describe the thing or the person on your paper and let your classmates guess what it is and who he/she is. You should try your best to describe the word clearly.d) Pay attention, when

18、 you describe the thing or the person you can not mention the words I gave you.e.g. Dictionary: It is a thing which is very important for our English learning, and we can find all the words and phrases which we dont know in. What is it? It is the dictionary.Assignment:1) Go over “attributive clause”

19、.2) Finish exercises “定语从句练习一（概念），定定语从句练习一（概念），定语从句练习二（关系代词）语从句练习二（关系代词）“在下列几种情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能在下列几种情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能用用that (P448)1 当先行词为不定代词时，如：当先行词为不定代词时，如：something, anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等等All that I know is his name.2 先行词有先行词有all, every, no, some, any, only, few, li

20、ttle等等修饰时修饰时3 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时修饰时He is the very man that I am looking for.You can take seat that isnt occupied.4 先行词既指人，又指物时先行词既指人，又指物时3 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时The first one that arrives here will be given a little gift.The most beautiful place that I have visited i

21、s Jiuzhaigou.The places and the people that I visited has left a deep impression on me.5 避免关联词在一个句子中重复时避免关联词在一个句子中重复时Who is the man that is making a speech to the students?6. 先行词在从句中做表语先行词在从句中做表语He is no longer the man that he used to be.当从句谓语中有介词时（该介词与该谓语动词不当从句谓语中有介词时（该介词与该谓语动词不是固定搭配），介词可以位于谓语是固定搭配

22、），介词可以位于谓语动词之后动词之后，也，也可以位于可以位于关系代词之前关系代词之前。在。在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”这种结构中，关系代词通常用这种结构中，关系代词通常用which或或whom, 该关该关系代词不能省略系代词不能省略。(p447)Fortunately, I have obtained the job for which I applied.Fortunately, I have obtained the job which I applied for.Fortunately, I have obtained the job that I applied for.Do yo

23、u know the man (who /that/ whom) my father is speaking to?Do you know the man to whom my father is speaking ?He is the man (who/whom/that) I am looking for.He is the man for whom I am lookingRight:Wrong:修饰一个句子，我们用修饰一个句子，我们用which/asJack has passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.He tried

24、to escape, which was impossible.He said he had never seen her before which was not true.As we all know, China is a big country.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。(p449)I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a friend whose fathe

25、r is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：先行词指物时，常用下列结构来代替：注意：先行词指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.The clas

26、sroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.as 搭配搭配such-as, the same-as先行词可以是人或物。先行词可以是人或物。(p450)He is such a careless person as always makes mistakes.He will use the same book as he used last time.as还可以用于先行词是一句话。（还可以用于先行词是一句话。（p450)As we all know, water resources are limited.先行词为一句话时先行词

27、为一句话时as和和which的区别：的区别： as we all know, as is known to all, as was expected等固等固定搭配。定搭配。 as解释为正如，正像解释为正如，正像1)as在句首时在句首时关系副词关系副词when,where, whywhen,where, why（p451p451）当先行词是时间、地点和理由的名词，而且关系词在从当先行词是时间、地点和理由的名词，而且关系词在从句中做状语句中做状语,则用则用When, Where, Why引导引导,相当于相当于“介词介词+which”结构。结构。Beijing is the place. I was

28、 born in the place.Beijing is the place in which I was born.Beijing is the place where I was born. September1,1985 was the day when I was born.= on whichCan you tell me the reason why he is late?= for whichc.f.This is the village (that/which)(that/which) I visited last year.This is the village where

29、where I was born.Ill never forget the days (which/that)(which/that) we spent together.Ill never forget the days whenwhen I stayed in this city.This is the reason which/thatwhich/that can explain his absence.This is the reason whywhy he is absent.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句He spoke confidently, _ impressed most

30、.which比较比较: I have a brother who is a doctor. I have a brother, who is a doctor.Im going to Hong Kong _ I have relatives.A. where B. , where下列情况下，通常只能用非限制性定语从句下列情况下，通常只能用非限制性定语从句1)先行词是father, mother, husband, wife等唯一的称呼2)先行词是人名,地名或人称代词,如Tom, marry, Beijing等 William_ is waiting outside, wants to see

31、you.Every one of us trusts him _is an advanced teacher.Beijing _is ChinaS capital, is reach in culture., who, who, whichHis father_is a doctor, works hard., who 注意：注意：that,why 不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句,其余关系词均可引导非限制性定语从句其余关系词均可引导非限制性定语从句He passed the exam, _pleased his parents.Taiwan is part of China,

32、 _we all know.whichasTitanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.He is the (only) one of the students who knows Russian in our school. the (only) one+pl.n+关系代词关系代词+动词单数形式动词单数形式 one of+

33、pl.n+关系代词关系代词+动词复数形式动词复数形式 定语从句中的主谓一致：定语从句中的主谓一致：The man who _talking to my father is a professor.Those who_ under 18 are not allowed in.isare用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1 We have not fixed the date _ we begin our trip.Beijing is a city _ there are many places of interest. Let him take any seat _

34、is free. The first English novel _ interested her was “Robinson Crusoe.” Everything _ has been explained must be remembered.2 Those _ went to see the film must wait at the school gate. whenwherethatthatthatwho7 He _ hasnt been to the Great Wall is not a true man. Thats the new machine _ parts are al

35、l home made. He left New York _ he had lived for years.Ill never forget the day _ he said goodbye to me.The house _ roof was damaged has now been repaired.8 We want to know the reason _ he didnt come to the party.whowhosewherewhenwhosewhy13 That is the car _ _ they came.Everyone wanted to see the pilot and the plane _ would come to rescue.He showed us round the house _ _ he paid a lot of money.Is this the lab _the students visited yesterday? Is this lab _ the students visited yesterday? A) that B) t