2020年中考英语短文填空之首字母填空专项训练含解析

1、备战2020英语短文填空之首字母填空专项训练【解题指导】短文填空是英语中考常考题型，在做这类题目时，要从以下几点着手。1 .通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，通读短文，了解大意，是做题首选。每篇短文 段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意 即可，细节不理解可以跳过。2 .复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解主旨大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关

2、系，这对于把握文 章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约3%5%的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3 .反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理第三次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。4 .认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：做完以后，最后要再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后

3、是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。【真题演练】Passage 1 （2019 连云港）Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h1 in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico. Because of the greatnumber of balloons, it is the world's 1 2 ballooning event. For morethan 30 years, guests from all over the

4、 world come to Albuquerque in October tocelebrate ballooning. In 2018, over 900, 000 people a3this event. Therewere over 500 balloons in the event with over 1,000 pilots. When h 4 of colorful balloons flew up high, the sky of Albuquerque became a moving cartoon. It was full of colors and special cha

5、racters. It was a time when d 5 came true and romance filled the sky. Grown-ups and children were amazed and joyful during the balloon festival.Passage 2 （2019 襄阳）Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children.Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d

6、 6. A new study has found that most three-year-old children can remember a lot ofwhat happened to them a year e 7_ ,and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6, but by the time they are over 7, these memories become weaker r 8.Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of

7、 their e 9_ fromunder the age of 3 according to the new studies.The scientists say this is because at around this age the way we form（形成）memories begins to change. They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s 10 of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early

8、 things they can remember become more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster speed of f 11 than adults. The discoveriesalso help to explain why children can often have clear memories of what they have done, b 12 then forget them just several years later.The children w

9、ere organized to the laboratory for the first time at the ageof 3 and discussed 6 impressed（象深亥ij的 ）things from their past, such as the firstrelaxing trip with your family, the first d 13 accident you met, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second s 14 between the agesof 5

10、 and 9 to discuss the same things. The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7,the amount （量）of memories that the children could remember r 15between 63%-72%. However, between the ages of 8 to 9, the amount of memories that the children could remember fell to between 35%-36%.Passage 3 （201

11、9 南充）In some western countries, some people don't like the number 13 because theythink 13 is an unlucky number. For example, they don't like to live on the thirteenth floor. One evening, Mr. Smith asked some friends to get t 16. Whenall of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit at the tab

12、le for d 17.He began to c 18 the people. Suddenly, he cried out, "Oh, there arethirteen people here!" Everyone's face looked pale e 19 Mr. Brown. Hesaid with a smile, "Don't won't, my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f 20 people here." All

13、of the friends became happy again."Congratulations!" they said to Mr. Brown. They all had a good time that evening.Passage 4 （2019 咸宁）Confucius is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born onS 21 28th. 511B.C. in the Kingdom of Lu. in today' s Shandong Province. Whenhe was y

14、oung, he and his mother had a hard l 22. At the age of fifteen, hebegan to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on l 23 other subjects. When he was thirty, he b 24 a teacher. He started his own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether they were r 25 or p

15、oor. He had about, 3,000 s 26 and many of them became famous.Chinese see Confucius as the greatest thinker w27 had many wise ideas abouthuman nature and behavior. And he is also regarded a 28the greatest teacher.His most important ideas are about kindness and g 29 manners. He said youngpeople should

16、 t 30 care of the old. People should not only always think of themselves, but work for o 31. His ideas are around in people' s everydaylife. Today people can still hear the ideas, and they even go far into east a 32 south Asia.Passage 5 （2019 泰州）Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as danger

17、ous as first-hand smoke. Buthave you h 33 of "third-hand" smoke?Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces （表面）of thingsaround, l 34 furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room,poisonous particles（ 粒子）in tobacco （ 烟草）smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his

18、 clothes, even after the cigarette （香烟）has been put out. Thiscan cause a great danger to your family, e 35 younger children.Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b 36 they are often close to surfaces of things.Such as floors, walls and

19、furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t 37 these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.So, it is necessary and important to say n 38 to third-hand smoke.To achieve this, strict r 39 for forbidding （禁止）smoking inside homesshould be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, ple

20、ase make sure he smokes o 40 the house. Get him a special jacket and hat,so once hef 41 smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.Many times, you cannot see the smoke

21、 doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s 42". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible,make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.Passage 6 （2019 武汉）It was at an exhibition of the artist' s works organized by the Red Cross. Iwas invited as a s

22、pecial g 43 to attend the exhibition. During this period,two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature（签名）.“I haven ' t brought my pen. Is the p 44 okay? ” Actually, I knew theywouldn ' t r 45 .I just wanted to show a well-known writer' s good manners toth

23、e c 46 readers.“Certainly, " the young girls readily a 47. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls h 48 her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of thenotebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n 49

24、 and signed my name. Thegirl read my signature, frowned ( 皱眉),looked at me carefully and asked,"Aren 't you Robert Char? ”"No," I told her proudly, "I' m the author of Alice Adams, the w 50 of two Pulitzer Prizes. ”The young girl turned to the o 51 ,shrugged (耸肩)and said,

25、 “Mary, lend your rubber to me. " At that moment, all my p 52 turned into a bubble (泡泡)immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, don ' t think highly of yourself.Passage 7 (2019 南京)Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems. It

26、 is morew (53) in use than alphabetic(字母的)writing systems . More than halfof the world's books are written in Chinese, including historical writings andnovels , along with writings on government and law.At the beginning , written Chinese was a picture - based 1(54) . Itdates back several thousan

27、d years to the u(55) se of animal bones and shellson which symbols were carved(亥U) by ancient Chinese people . Someof the ancientsymbols can still be seen in t(56) hanzi .By the Shang Dynasty , these symbols had become a well developed writing system , Over the years , the system developed into diff

28、erent forms, as it wasa time when people were d geographically , leading to different dialects (方言)and characters . This , however , c (58) under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty.Emperor Qinshihuang united(统一)the seven major states into one country wherethe Chinese writingsystem began to develo

29、p in one direction . That writing systemwas of great i (59) in uniting the Chinese people and culture . Even today , no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still c (60) in writing . Written Chinese has also become an important method to c(61) China's present

30、 with its past . People in modern times can read theclassic works which were written by Chinese in ancient timesculture ,As China plays a g(62)role in the world, an increasing number ofToday, Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinesethroughit goes.Passage 8(2019天津)The villagers in

31、 Mhangeni , Africafaced a very big challenge（挑战）.Theyinternational students are beginning to appreciate (欣赏)China's culture this amazing language . Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture whereverdidn't have a school for their kidsThen the village elder thought of an(63) iHe said that there

32、was anold , abandoned(废弃的)farmhouse .It could be changed into classrooms aftercleaning and furnishing(装设备)it . All the villagers were(64) p leased withhis suggestion and started the project immediately . The parents repaired the brokenwalls . Some villagers (65) dthe house into threeclassrooms by us

33、ing piecesof wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for thestudents . Still,therewas much more work to do. But the rains were coming . Theyhad to(66) sworkingfor the school as it was now the best time for them to plantSo the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by(67) t.Theyopened

34、. They didn't（灌木）.The news about the project (68) sand many people knewit . Two teachershad to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had alreadywant to delay(耽搁) their studies . Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushesandtwo foreign visitors were also touched

35、(感动)by the children's(69) a.Theywho worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help outdonated money for them to buy textbooks and stationeryAfter 10 days of hard work,the new school was(70) r.The kids werevery happy but a bit worried一they were behind in their studiesBesides

36、 (除之夕卜)this , they also faced many (71) d. There were notenough classrooms to hold all the students . And two or three students had to share one book .However, the children are happy to study in school (72) e in their new school which they helped to build . Though their school might not be modern, t

37、heir dream of having a school near their homes has come true.【答案与解析】Passage1【主旨大意】本篇文章主要讲述阿尔伯克基国际气球节，成年人和孩子们在节日上玩得都 很开心。1. held【解析】句意“每年10月份早期，阿尔伯克基国际气球节在新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基举行“。根据句意可知，译为"举行"。hold举行，且主语AlbuquerqueInternational Balloon Festival与谓语 hold 之间被动 be done ,故填 held。2. largest 【解析】 句意“由于大量的气

38、球，这是世界上最大的气球事件”。根据For more than 30 years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in Octoberto celebrate ballooning 可知，译为最大的，用最高级，故填 largest 。3. attended【解析】句意“在2018年，超过90万人参加了这个事件“。根据句意可知，译为"参加"。attend参加，且根据in 2018可知，用一般过去时，故填 attended 。4. hundreds 【解析】句意“当成百上千个五彩缤纷的气球飞向天空时，阿尔伯

39、克基的 天空变成了移动的卡通”。根据句意可知，译为“成百上千"，hundreds of成百上千的，故填 hundreds。5. dreams【解析】句意“那是一个梦想成真、浪漫弥漫的时刻”。根据句意可知，译dreams。为“梦想成真” 。dream梦想，且根据句意可知，用复数，故填Passage2【主旨大意】本文主要是讲对许多成年人来说，很难回忆起儿时的一些经历。一项研究表 明，我们的记忆力的变化与年龄有关。6. disappeared【解析】根据上文 Most adults find it hard to remember the thingshappened while they

40、 were children.大多数成年人发现很难记住他们小时候发生的事情。结合 Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d 6.可知是现在科学家们已经找到了这些记忆消失的确切时间。“消失" disappear ,由语境可知这里时态用一般过去时，故答案填 disappeared 。7. earlier【解析】 根据上文 most three-year-old children can remember a lot of大多数三岁的孩子都能记住很多事情，结合首字母提示以及what happened to them ay

41、ear e 7,可知此处指的是一年前发生在他们身上的事,a year earlier"一年前"，故答案填earlier 。8. rapidly【解析】 根据上文these memories are still clear while they are 5 and6,这些记忆在他们 5岁和6岁的时候仍然清晰，由转折词but,再结合首字母提示，可知此处句意为：但当他们超过7岁时，这些记忆会迅速减弱。“迅速地" rapidly ,副词， 修饰前面的动词，故答案填 rapidly 。9. experience 【解析】 根据 Most children by the ag

42、e of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e 9 from under the age of 3 according to the new studies.结合语境及首字母提示：根据新的研究，大多数 8岁或9岁的孩子仅仅能记住他们3岁以下35%勺。可知此处表达的是“经历、经验” ，英文表达是 experience ,在这里用作不可数名词，故答案填experience 。10. sense【解析】 根据 They say that before the age of 7 children do not havea s 1 0 of time and p

43、lace in their memories.结合语境及首字母提示：他们说，7岁以前的孩子在记忆中没有时间和地点的。可知此处表达的是“概念、观念" sense,前面有不定冠词 a,所以用其单数形式，故答案填sense。11. forgetting【解析】 根据下文 then forget them just several years later.几年后他们就会忘记，结合Children also have a far faster speed of f 11 than _adults.可知孩子遗忘速度也比成年人快得多。"忘记"forget ,动词，of是介词后接

44、动词的ing形式，故答案填 forgetting 。12. but【解析】 根据上文 children can often have clear memories of what they havedone,以及then forget them just several years later.可知前后句之间是转折关系，结合首字母提示可知应用连词but ,句意为：孩子们常常对他们所做的事情有清晰的记忆，但几年后就会忘记。故答案填but。13. dancing（本题答案不唯一，只要符合语境和题意即可。）考查动名词。根据上文thefirst relaxing trip with your fami

45、ly,以及下文 and the first day of school.结合 the first d_13 accident you met,可推知此处句意是第一次遇见的意外，由首字母提示可知，答案可以填“跳舞”dancing。（本题答案不唯一，只要符合语境和题意即可。）14. session【解析】根据前面的关键词return "返回"，以及后面的to discuss thesame things "去讨论同样的事情“，可知这里表达的是“开会、聚集" ，second session“再次聚集、开会”，句意为：然后，孩子们在 5岁到9岁之间再次返回来讨论

46、同样的 问题。故答案填 session 。15. remained【解析】 根据 The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and7,the amount （量）of memories that the children could remember r 15 between63%-72%.结合语境：科学家发现， 5岁和7岁之间年龄段的孩子，能记住的记忆量在63%-72炕间。可知此处表达的是“保持"remain ,由主句中的found可知句子时态用一般过去时，所以这里应用remain的过去式remained ,故答案填remain

47、ed 。Passage3【主旨大意】这篇短文主要讲述了在西方国家人们都不喜欢数字13,文中讲述了一个有趣的故事。16. together【解析】句意：一天晚上，史密斯先生让几个朋友聚在一起。根据文中Mr. Smith asked some friends to可知这里是聚在一起。短语 get together表示聚在一起。根据句意，故填 together 。17. dinner 【解析】 句意：当他所有的朋友都到了，他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。根据One可知下文是他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。evening, 和 he asked them to sit at the tabledinner晚饭。根据句意，

48、故填 dinner 。18. count 【解析】 句意：他开始数人数。根据下文 he cried out, "Oh, there are thirteen people here!"可知上文是说说数数字。count的意思是"数数”根据句意,故填count 。19. except【解析】 句意：除了布朗先生，每个人的脸都显得苍白。except的意思是“除了"根据下文He said with a smile, "Don't wont', my friends. My wife willhave a baby in a few we

49、eks. So we have f 20 people here."可知这里是除了 Mr. Brown 。根据题意，故填 except。20. fourteen【解析】句意：所以我们这里有14个人。根据上文 Don't wont', myfriends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.可知这里是说 14 个人。根据句意，故填 fourteen 。Passage4【主旨大意】本文介绍了中国的伟大思想家一一孔子。孔子生于公元前511年的鲁国。年轻时和母亲过着艰苦的生活。三十岁时当了老师。他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育，

50、不管他们是富人还是穷人。中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智 的想法。他说年轻人应该照顾老人。人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。21. September【解析】 句意：他出生于 9月28日。公元前511年的鲁国。由语境和首字母提示可知，填 September;这里是指9月28号。所以答案为：September o22. life【解析】句意：当他年轻时，他和他母亲过着艰苦的生活。由语境和首字母提示可知，填life ; had a hard life :过着艰苦的生活。所以答案为：life 。23. learning【解析】句意：然后他继续学习其他科目。由语境和首字母

51、提示可知，填learn ; go on doing sth.继续做某事。on是介词，后跟动名词。所以答案为：learning 。24. became【解析】 句意：他三十岁时当了老师。由语境和首字母提示可知，填become;根据 Whenhe was thirty,当他三十岁时。成为了老师，这一动作发生在过去，因此应该用一般过去时。故答案为：became25. rich【解析】句意：他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育，不管他们是富人还是穷人。由语境和首字母提示可知，填 rich ;根据后面的形容词 poor “穷的”，和前面的 表示选择关系的or可知，前面应该用于poor意义相反的形容词，那就是

52、rich 。语境是： 不论穷人还是富人都应该有机会接受教育。故答案为： rich。26. students【解析】句意：他有大约 3000名学生，其中许多人出名了。由语境和首字母提示可知，填 student ;根据数字3,000可知，后面的可数名词应该用复数，故 答案为：students 。27. who【解析】句意：中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智的想法。由语境和首字母提示可知，填who；本题考查定语从句。 本题的先行词是thegreatest thinker ,是指人的，因此用引导词who来引导。故答案为：whOo28. as【解析】 句意：他也被认为是最伟大的老师。

53、由语境和首字母提示可知，填as;regard as :视为。语境是：人们认为孔子是最伟大的老师。故答案为： as。29. good/great 【解析】 句意：他最重要的思想是善良和礼貌。由 and前面的形容词 kindness 可知，and后面的词也应该是一个形容词。在结合首字母提示可知，填 good/great ;是指良好的行为，即：礼貌。所以本题的答案为：good/great 。30. take 【解析】 句意：他说年轻人应该照顾老人。由语境和首字母提示可知，填take ;take care of :关心，照顾。should是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填： take 。31. other

54、s【解析】 句意：人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。由语境和首字母提示可知，填others ;根据think of themselves想着自己，和后面的but可知，此处是指转折，语境是：人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。所以答案为： others 。32. and【解析】句意：今天，人们仍然可以听到这些想法，他们甚至深入到东亚和南亚。由语境和首字母提示可知，填and; east a south Asia.是表示地点的，而且表示并列关系。因此用 and来连接。故答案为：and。Passage5【主旨大意】本文介绍了 “三手”烟的危害。“三手”烟是指：附着在家具或衣服等周围物体表

55、面上的烟草颗粒。这会对家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。因为婴儿刚学会 走路，当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。因此对第三手烟说“不”是必要和 重要的。应该制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。33. heard【解析】 句意：但是你听说过“三手”烟吗？由语境和首字母提示可知，填：hear; hear of :听说。分析句子 But have you h 33 of "third-hand" smoke?的结构可知，本题为现在完成时的一般疑问句，其结构是：助动词 has/have+动词的过 去分词。故答案为：heard。34. like 【解析】 句意：第“三手”烟是指

56、家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的污染物。 由语境和首字母提示可知，填：like ； like在这里用来表示举例，所以答案为： like 。35. especially 【解析】 句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。 由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially ; especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法， 用especially 来列举一个具有代表性的例子 (younger children ),来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为:especially36. becaus

57、e【解析】句意：这是因为它们经常接近如地板、墙壁和家具上残留着烟草颗粒的物体的表面。由语境和首字母提示可知，填： because;根据Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke.婴儿刚学会走路。他们更有可能受到第三手烟的伤害。可知，因为婴儿刚学会走路，所 以他们会扶着这些物体，因此接触的机会就多，因此会受到危害。这里解释了婴儿受到 危害的原因，故答案为： because。37. touch【解析】句意：当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。由语境和首

58、字母提示可知，填：touch;主句they get their hands polluted.他们的手会受到污染。可知，本题的时态为一般现在时，因此再由 when引导的时间状语从句中也用一 般现在时，主语they是复数，因此谓语用动词原形。故答案为：touch。38. no 【解析】 句意：所以，对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。由语境和首字母 提示可知，填：no; say no to :对说"不"；这里是指拒绝三手烟。故答案为： no。39. rules【解析】句意：为此，应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：rule ;根据forbidding （ 禁止）smoking ins