第十一节 情态动词的一些特殊用法

1、第十一节情态动词的一些特殊用法情态动词本身有语义, 表示说话人的语气或情态, 但语义不完整, 不能单独作谓语动词, 一般只能与动词原形一起构成谓语动词。现就考试中出现频率高的情态动词及其用法作些说明:一、must与must有关的题型经常与其后面应跟什么时态有关. 在有must的句中, 常表示说话人在进行依据较充分的推测。至于用哪些时态, 则有两个参考标准: 句中的时间状语和句间的关系。Y ou look so sleepy. Y ou must have sat up late last night.你看上去这么困倦, 昨晚一定睡得很晚。I mailed that letter a week

2、ago. He must have received it.我一周前就发出了那封信, 想必他一定收到了。must + have + -ed分词: 用于肯定句, 表示对过去情况的推测, 意为“肯定, 一定”。Y ou had only a little egg at breakfast today. Y ou must be hungry now.Must 加动词原形的进行式, 表示对现在发生动作和事物的猜测, 有“一定, 准是”的意思。其他情态动词如may (might, should (ought to, can(could, need的用法分别如下:二、may(mightmay(might

3、 + have + -ed 分词: 用于肯定句和其他否定句, 表示对已发生事情的不肯定的推测, 意为“可能, 大概”, 其中might较may语气更弱, 把握更小。They may have derived inspiration from these words.他们可能从这些话语中获得了灵感。Our manager may (might have gone to Guangzhuo attending Spring Fair there last week.我们经理可能已于上周去广州参加春交会了。三、should除了其一般的用法以外, should 也表示说话人的感情如愤怒, 惊奇, 失望

4、等。I am sorry that he should be so stubborn.他居然如此固执, 我对此感到很抱歉。Why should I go there while she stays home?为什么我得去那儿, 而她却能呆在家里?should(ought to + have+ -ed 分词句型: 指过去的事情。如果是肯定句, 表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生, 含“遗憾、责备、建议或指正”等意味; 如果是否定句则表示已发生了本不该发生的事。Y ou should have told him the paint on that seat is wet.你本应告诉他座位上的油漆未干。

5、They shouldt have left so soon.他们不该这么早就离开。四、can(could用于否定或疑问句中, 后面跟动词原形的完成式时, 表示对过去发生的事件的“怀疑或不肯定”。could 比can更表示说话人语气的不肯定。Nobody could have foreseen all this.当时无人能预见到所有这一切。It couldnt have been Mr. Smith. He has gone to China.不太可能是史密斯先生。他已去了中国。五、needneednt + have + -ed分词: 表示过去做了但不必做的事情, 意为“其实不必”。Y ou

6、neednt have walked up; you could have taken the lift.你本不必跑上来, 你本来可以乘电梯的。Y ou neednt have watered the vegetables, as it is going to rain.你本不必给蔬菜浇水, 因为天要下雨了。Exercises 11 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:1. The room is such a terrible mess. It _cleaned as the landlady said.A.

7、mustnt beB. mustnt have beenC. cant beD. cant have been2. With her hands so full, she_to the concert last night.A. wouldnt goB. oughtnt to goC. shouldnt have goneD. mustnt go 来源:考试大-MBA考试站3. We _ her letter last week. We dont know what has happened to her.A. must receiveB. must have receivedC. ought

8、 to receiveD. ought to have received4. There _be an open window somewhere, I can feel cold air coming in.A. shouldB. mustC. seemD. ought5. If the doctor had been available, the patient _.A. could not have diedB. should not have diedC. wouldnt have diedD. would not die6. Since its snowing so hard, we

9、_at home.A. had better stayingB. should stayC. had better to stayD. might as well stay7. The wine bottle is nearly empty; you _ a lot.A. may have drunkB. ought to have drunkC. must have drunkD. could have drunk8. According to western culture, you _ask a woman her age; it is impolite.A. neednt(不必B. dont have toC. mustnt (不可以D. have not got to9. She didnt know you were here; otherwise she _ to meet you.A. would have comeB