船舶轮机设备操作须知

1、船舶轮机设备操作须知Instruction for operation of ship engine1.主机Main engine1.1.航前备车Stand by main engine before sailing滑油系统的准备Preparation for lube oil system1.1.1.检查循环柜滑油油位是否在正常位置。Check oil level in main engine lubricating oil circulating tank.1.1.1.1.起动主机油泵,检查机油系统压力警报器和温度自动调节器是否处于正常位置。Start up main engine lub

2、e oil pump, check engine oil system pressure alarm and automatic temperature controller in normal condition.1.1.2.冷却水系统准备Preparation for water cooling system1.1.2.1.检查膨胀水位是否正常将暖缸(热机阀转回后,起动气缸冷却水泵应检查压力,警报和自动调温器是否正常并起动水泵。Check the level in FW expansion tank. After changing over the warming jacket valve

3、, start up jacket cooling water pump and check pressure, alarm and automatic temperature controller, then start water pump.1.1.2.2.设有独立油头冷却系统的,要检查其膨胀柜液位,压力警报,自动调温器是否正常,起动其冷却泵。If independent fuel valve cooling system is equipped, check the level of expansion tank, pressure alarm, automatic temperatur

4、e controller, then start cooling pump.1.1.2.3.检查冷却海水系统各阀是否在正常位置(海水泵可待温度升高后才起动。Check various valves of seawater cooling system is in normal position or not. (Seawater pump can be started only after temperature increases.1.1.3.燃油系统的准备Preparation for fuel system1.1.3.1.检查柴油日用柜油位,放出残水,检查燃油系统各阀是处于正常位置。Ch

5、eck oil level of diesel oil service tank and drain off the residual water. Check various valve of fuel system is operational.1.1.3.2.起动燃油增压泵,检查系统压力警报是否正常。必要时放掉主机油头空气。Start up fuel booster pump, check system pressure alarm. If necessary, should vent from fuel valves.1.1.4.起动空气系统的准备Preparation for sta

6、rting air system1.1.4.1.检查主起动伐及缸头起动阀,是否灵活并加滑油。Check main starting valve and cylinder head starting valves for normal operation and oiling.1.1.4.2.检查空气压力,放掉空气瓶内的残水并检查其压力警报是否处于正常状态。Check air pressure and drain off water from air bottle. Check pressure alarm in normal state or not.1.1.4.3.检查空气压缩机及有关阀门,

7、是否正常(机动操纵时,一般用两台空气压缩机供气。Check air compressor and related valve normal or not. (When maneuvering, generally two air compressors to be put into use1.1.4.4.打开空气瓶的出口阀和通往主机的空气阀。Open the outlet valve of air bottle and air valve to main engine.1.1.4.5.打开自动控制系统的空气阀,并检查各控制空气压力,及其警报是否正常(如用液压控制,即检查其有关阀门起动液压泵,并

8、检查其压力警报是否正常。Open the air valve of auto-control system, check various air pressure and related alarm. (If hydraulic control is used, check related valve, start hydraulic pump and check related hydraulic alarm.1.1.4.6.检查通往气笛系统的空气阀是否开启。Check air valve to the air whistle in open.1.1.4.7.检查增压器透平油泵,查看增压器的

9、油位情况。Check turbo-charger lube oil pump, check oil levels of turbo-charger.1.1.5.按照操作规程,起动备用发电机并电使用,保证机动操纵时所需的电量(机动操纵时,一般用两台发电机供电。As operation regulations, start the stand by generator and parallel so that should ensure enough power when maneuvering. (When maneuvering, normally use two generators to

10、supply power 1.1.6.起动舵机油泵,并与驾驶台校对舵角。Start steering gear oil pump. Check with bridge for rudder angle.1.1.7.盘车Turn engine1.1.7.1.检查确认轴系的气缸头等部位无障碍,各导门已关紧,并打开各缸示功阀。Check the shafting and cylinder head. And the access doors is closed. Open the indicator valves.1.1.7.2.搭上盘车机盘车(最好将主机转2转以上检查主机和轴系是否灵活。Engag

11、e the turning gear turn the main engine over 2 revolutions. Check main engine and shafting is flexible or not.1.1.7.3.确认主机和轴系灵活后,脱开盘车机,捶上止动销。After confirm main engine and shafting flexible, disconnect turning gear, insert the safety pin.1.1.8.冲车和试车(活车Start the engine on air briefly and a brief trial

12、 on power1.1.8.1.冲车(冲车的目的主要是检查和吹走气缸杂质、残水和积油,以及检查起动的换向系统的动作是否正常步骤是:检查关闭扫气箱放水考克。再次检查确认,废气透平和缸头处无障碍物,示功阀已开启。通知驾驶台,检查船尾和舷梯外,有无碍物,确保那些部位无障碍。摇车钟“正车”到驾驶台,取得驾驶台的“正车”回令。派人到气缸头附近观察。摇车钟到驾驶台,要求“倒车”,得到“倒车”回令后,用手柄或手轮或按钮进行“换向”和“倒车”,冲车。若无发现异常情况,则可关闭示功阀。Start the engine on air briefly (Start the engine on air briefl

13、y is to check and clean impurity, waste water, oil dust in cylinder. Check exchange system normal or not. Process as follow,-Check and close the drain cocks of scavenging box-Confirm again exhaust turbine and cylinder heads no obstacle, indicator valves have been opened.-Inform bridge to check and e

14、nsure no obstacle besides aster and gangway.-Switch engine telegraph to Forward, get the Forward repeated order from bridge.-Assigned crew to observe near cylinder heads.-Ring Astern, get the Astern followed up from bridge. Use hand shank, hand wheel or button to reversing and Astern, run engine. If

15、 everything is normal, close the indicator valve.1.1.8.2.试车(试车的目的,是进一步检查起动和换向系统工作的可靠性,以及燃油系统工作是否正常步骤是:检查并调整调速器处于所需位置。用手柄或按钮(加燃油“倒车”试车(因冲车时机器在倒车方向,故可直接倒车试车缓慢转几转后把机器停下。摇车钟“正车”到驾驶台,得到“正车”回令后,进行“换向”正车,起动动转,缓慢转几转后,把机器停下,并摇车钟“停车”驾驶台,得到回令后,如果各种情况都有正常,则可用电话告知驾驶台主机准备完毕。A brief trial on power (A brief trial o

16、n power is to check work dependability of start and exchange system. And check fuel system is normal or not. Process as follow,-Check and adjust speed governor to proper location.-Use hand shank or button to test engine astern (Because engine is in astern when running engine, test engine astern imme

17、diately. Turn a few times slowly and stop engine.-Telegraph forward, get the followed up forward from bridge, switch to forward, test engine, t urn a few times slowly and stop engine. Telegraph stop engine, get the repeated order from bridge, if everything is normal, should inform bridge by telephon

18、e engine stand by is ready.1.2.手动操作Manual operation1.2.1.当接到车钟“备车”时,如果主机确实已备妥可用,机仓即可回车钟“备车”表示主机随时都可操纵使用。这时值班轮机员就要集中精力在操纵台前等侯操纵。并派人准备做好车钟记录以及注意保持空气瓶的压力。When receive engine telegraph stand by, if main engine stand by is ready, may reply engine telegraph stand by that shows main engine can operate at a

19、ny moment. At this time, duty engineer should pay attention to maneuvering panel to wait for maneuvering. And assign crew to be prepare for recording engine telegraph and heed to keep the pressure of air bottle.1.2.2.操纵方法因机型不同而异,但基本程序大同小异。Maneuvering way is different due to different main engine, bu

20、t the basic procedure is similar.1.2.2.1.当驾驶台来车钟要车时,机仓即将车钟转到相同“车令”位置如果主机已在所需的“车向”停着拨回“车令”后则可直接冲车起动运转;如果主机在所需“车向”的反方向停着,把车钟拨到所需“车向”位置后,先要进行“换向”,然后进行起动运转。When telegraph is ringing, follow up the telegraph to sa me telegraph order position. If engine telegraph is already in the same course, reply teleg

21、raph order, run engine and start and run immediately. If engine telegraph is in the opposite course, after switch engine telegraph to needed engine course, first exchange course, then run engine and start and run.1.2.2.2.起动运转的操作大概是这样的:当操作手轮移到“起动”位置。听到机器冲动声音和车速表转动时,迅速把手柄或手轮(包括燃油油门移至“运转”位置,然后按所需车速调节油门

22、。Start and run: Operate M/E maneuver unit to start. When hear machine running sound and speedometer runs, immediately shift hand shank or hand wheel (including fuel accelerograph to run, then adjust accelerogragh as demand.1.2.3.操纵时,油门不宜加得过急过大,以免造成爆燃或超负荷。During maneuvering, no too much or too fast f

23、or accelerograph, prevent deflagration or overload.1.2.4.操纵过程中,要时刻注意各种可能发生的异常情况,如强振或爆炸等,并针对具体情况作出相应的处理。During maneuvering, heed various abnormal conditions such as strong swing or deflagration. Should handle them according to specific condition.1.3.航行中的管理Management in navigation1.3.1.当驾驶台给“定速”后,缓慢地将

24、主机开到比“海上转速”低(510%的车速。When bridge orders Ring off engines, should slowly run main engine to th e RPM which is lower 5 to 10 percent than revolution at sea.1.3.2.加至上述车速后,值班轮机员应巡视主、副机等机电设备进行一次全面检查。When get to above mentioned RPM, duty engineer should check overall main engine, auxiliary engines etc.1.3

25、.3.缓慢地将主机油门加至“海上车速”,然后值班轮机员再一次全面检查各主副机等机电设备情况,并正式投入正常航行。Slowly raise main engine accelerograph to revolution at sea, duty engineer should check overall again main engine, auxiliary engine, then normal sail.1.3.4.如电量足够,可停掉一台发电机,用另一台发电机供电航行。If power enough, may stop one generator, sail with another ge

26、nerator.1.3.5.正常航行的管理Management in normal navigation1.3.5.1.每隔一小时按交接班巡回检查规定范围全面检查一次,发现不正常现象及时处理或报告轮机长。The tour inspection must be carried out at the interval of an hour as the scope of handing over the watch, any abnormal findings to be dealt with in time and reported to chief engineer.1.3.5.2.调节并保持

27、各种有关参数在规定范围内。Adjust and keep various parameters in the requirement range.1.3.5.3.定时向人工加油部位加润滑油。Oil to the manual oil filling ports at regular intervals1.3.5.4.每隔两小时,检查并记录各有关参数一次。At intervals of two hours, check and record parameters.1.3.5.5.按航行值班规定的职责范围,做好上述以外的其他工作。As the scope of navigation duty, d

28、o well other works besides above mentioned.1.4.完车停航Finished with engine1.4.1.接到驾驶台的“完车”命令后,将车钟推至“完车”位置,并去电话给驾驶台询问:短时间完车还是较长时间完车,然后根据具体情况作出相应的处理。When receive Finished with engine order from bridge, follow engine telegraph to Finished with engine. Call to bridge to check engine stop for a long time or

29、 for a short time. Operate accordingly.1.4.2.如果是短时间完车等侯“引水”或“联检”,即可只做下列工作。If engine stop for a short time such as waiting for pilot or joint inspect, process as follow,1.4.2.1.关闭起动空气。Close starting air.1.4.2.2.关闭海水泵。Stop the seawater pump.1.4.3.如果较长时间完车(即近期不用车,则需按“完全”完车的要求,做好下列工作。If engine stop for

30、a long time, should operate as full engine stop.1.4.3.1.关闭起动空气。Close starting air.1.4.3.2.关闭控制空气或关闭液压控制系统。Close control air or hydraulic control system.1.4.3.3.关闭海水泵、油头冷却泵、锅炉循环泵和尾轴泵和尾轴油泵。Stop the seawater pump, fuel valve cooling pump, boiler circulating pump, stern tube LO pump.1.4.3.4.打开各缸示功阀和扫气箱油

31、阀。Open the indicator valves and the drain valves of the scavenge air box.1.4.3.5.关闭一台空气压缩机Switch off one air compressor.1.4.3.6.根据具体情况,按操作规程关闭一台电机Stop one generator according to the load condition.1.5.主机和应急操作时,应注意:When main engine emergency operation, attention,1.5.1.进港前对主机进行试车,检查主机的起动和换向性能以确保主机用车。M

32、/E to be carried out a trial, check starting and reversing functions in good condition.1.5.2.增开另一部发电机,并电运行。One stand by generator to be started and parallelled1.5.3.主机换轻油确保机动性。Main engine to be changed FO over to diesel oil to ensure maneuverability.1.5.4.加强对空压机,空气瓶管理。Strengthen management for air c

33、ompressed machine and air bottle.1.5.5.加强对油、水管理,保持压力与温度的稳定。Strengthen management for oil and water. Keep stability of pressure and temperature.1.5.6.海底阀应用高位。High sea chest to be put into use1.5.7.如属操纵系统损坏,应用机旁操纵系统进行操纵。If remote control system found in trouble, operate M/E from the local control cons

34、ole.1.5.8.正确执行驾驶台发出的操作指令。并正确记录。Implement order from bridge accurately, entries telegraph record book accordingly.1.6.主机故障时的应急使用Emergency operation when failure of main engine当机械设备发生故障时,应根据说明书的要求及实际情况采取正确的应急转换,应急操纵等措施进行正确操作,以保证船、机和人身安全。When being failure of mechanical equipment, should as instruction

35、 book and actual condition implement emergency exchange, emergency maneuvering etc. to ensure safety of ship, machine and life.1.6.1.当机械故障不能执行驾驶台命令时,轮机长应立即通知驾驶员并报告船长,并将故障时间和情况记入轮机日记。如需停车、应先征得船长同意,但若重要机件损坏等严重威胁主机安全时,轮机长可先停车,后报告船长。When order from bridge can not be carried out due to failure of machine

36、ry, chief engineer should inform duty officer and report to captain. Meantime record failure time and condition in engine log book. If engine stop is needed, should get approval of captain. If important parts are damaged to threat main engine, chief engineer can first stop engine, then report to cap

37、tain.1.6.2.在接到船长命令时,如发现执行该命令时,将引起机电设备损坏,轮机长应将可能引起后果告知船长,然后按船长经过考虑后的指示执行,轮机长应将上述情况详细记入轮机日记,船长也应将经过情况记入航海日记。If implementing captains order will damage electronic equipment, chief engineer should report it to captain and implement the last order of captain. Chief engineer should record details in engin

38、e log book. Captain also should record it in log book.1.6.3.柴油机运转中,下列情况应立即停车。During diesel engine running, should stop engine immediately if meet follows,1.6.3.1.柴油机运转已危及人身安全时。Diesel engine running threats life safety.1.6.3.2.滑油、燃油管破裂,大量油类外泄,造成污染并危及柴油机安全时。Lubricant pipe and fuel pipe are broken, ple

39、nty of oil are leaked, make pollution, threat safety of diesel engine.1.6.3.3.曲柄箱、扫气箱爆炸时。Crankcase or scavenging box explodes.1.6.3.4.确认柴油机将引起重大事故时。Ensure diesel engine will make serious accident.1.6.3.5.停车后15分钟,将曲柄箱温度下降时方可小心地打开曲柄箱道门,进行检查。After stop engine for 15 minutes, decrease the temperature of

40、 crankcase, open the access doors of crankcase and check.1.6.3.6.无法修复,或船舶需运转时,可采用应急操纵系统操纵,单缸停油或封缸等措施维持航行。When beyond repair occurs, and M/E must be running ,emergency operation to be taken, stop fuel oil injection of one cylinder or stop one cylinder fire to keep M/E running.1.7.主机透平增压器的应急措施Emergenc

41、y measure for main engine turbo-charger主机透平增压器在运转过程中发生振动、损坏而无法使用时,应根据说明书,用专用工具进行处理,应急措施如下:When M/E T/C found abnormal vibration or damage to make it can not be used, should handle it as instruction book by specific tools. Emergency measures as follow,1.7.1.锁住转子(具体操作见各机型的说明书Lock rotor (operation as s

42、pecific instruction book1.7.2.拆除转子、安装封闭设备(具体操作作见各机型的说明书。Dismantle rotor, install seal set. (operation as specific instruction book1.7.3.采取上述两种措施,应保持涡壳中的冷却水畅通,但要切断滑油的供应。同时,降低柴油机的负荷,使排温不要超负荷,并开动电动鼓风机或利用活塞扫气泵供气同时将损坏的几个缸油量调低防止另一台增压器喘振而损坏。When implement above mentioned two ways, should keep cooling water

43、 in volute smoothly, andcut off lube oil supply. Meantime lower the load of diesel engine and make discharge temperature no overload, turn on motor-driven blower or piston scavenging pump to supply air. Meantime lower oil volume of damaged cylinder to prevent another T/C from damaging due to surge.1

44、.8.尾轴油封泄漏时的应急措施Emergency measures when tail shaft seals leakage尾轴油封泄漏,内漏及外漏两种。Tail shaft seal leakage include inner leakage and outer leakage1.8.1.水润滑的轴承泄漏时,应密切注意泄漏的情况,及时排水,防止机仓内进水过多,同时可向船头压水或排出尾部压载水或淡水减少尾部吃水和进水量。If water lubricated bearing seal leaks, should heed leakage condition, discharge the wa

45、ter in time, prevent too much water in engine room. Meantime may ballast in bow or discharge ballast water or fresh water in astern to decrease aft draft and input water quantity.1.8.2.油润滑的轴承密封漏油。Oil lubricated bearing seal leaks(以SIMPLEX密封装置为例当前轴封漏油时,可以切断供油管路,用人工加油(每二十分钟一升油左右的方式保证密封件润滑,若是尾轴封漏油时,首先注

46、意漏油量避免对海上造成大量的污染,将重力油柜从高位转到低位,减少船舶的尾吃水量,用人工加油方式保持润滑,同时应注意尾轴的温度,必要时可适当降低主机转速,待抵港后再处理。(SIMPLEX seal as example When fore seal leaks, cut off oil supply pipe. Manual supply oil (one liter every 20 minutes to keep seal parts lubricated. When tail shaft seal leaks, first notice not to pollute sea, transf

47、er gravity oil tank from high level to low level, decrease aft draft, manual supply oil to keep parts lubricated. Meantime heed temperature of Stern bushes. If necessary, lower the revolution of main engine. Handle it after arriving port.2.柴油发电机Diesel generator2.1.准备和起动Prepare and start2.1.1.检查发动机和柴

48、油机组周围及其气缸头进风口或增压器进风口等处是否清爽无障碍(自动化机组,各部位应经常保持清爽无障碍的状态。Check surrounding of the generator and the engine, cylinder head or turbo air intake hole for clear. (For automatic controlled starting generator set, all parts should keep clean and no obstacle.2.1.2.检查并打开各缸示功阀(自动化机组,各示功阀需经常保持关闭。Check and open th

49、e indicator valves. ( For automatic controlled generator set, indicator valves to be kept closed.2.1.3.检查油底壳(或循环柜油位是否正常(自动化机组,机油油位应经常保持在正常位置。Check oil sump (or the circulating LO tank oil level is normal or not. (For automatic machine set, oil level should keep in normal position.2.1.4.盘车并用手摇泵机油,查看机

50、油系统的供油情况,直至机油压力达0.05-0.10Mpa必要时打开曲轴箱导门查看各主轴系、大小端承等处的供油情况,确认机油充分进入各润滑表面(装有预备润滑油泵的自动化机型,可以不用手摇泵泵机油同时向人工加油部位加油(自动化转动后自动向各需要加油部位加滑油。Turn engine and pump LO by hand until oil pressure upto 0.050.1Mpa. If necessary, open the access doors and exam the lubricating condition of shafting, both ends of connect

51、ing rod. Ensure lube oil flow to all lubricating surface (If install automatic reserved lube oil pump, no need to use manual lube oil pump. Meantime load oil to manual loading oil parts. (If pump is automatic type, when turn on pump, automatically load oil to parts needing loading oil.2.1.5.检查冷却淡水进出

52、阀,各缸冷却水出口阀,机油冷却器进出机油阀和海水阀是否在正常位置,油温和水温自动调节器是否正常(自动化机型,各种阀门和自动调节器应经常保持在正常状态。Check the following inlet and outlet valves in correct position, FW cooler, jackets, lube oil cooler, seawater valves, automatic LO/FW temperature regulator in good condition. (For automatic type, various valves and automatic

53、 adjusters should be kept in normal state.2.1.6.检查各压力警报和超速警报等是否正常(自动化机型,各种警报应经常保持在正常状态。Check pressure alarm and over speed alarm. (For automatic type, all the warning alarm should be kept in normal state.2.1.7.检查调速器油位是否正常,连接杆是否灵活,各旋钮是否在正常位置(自动化机型,调速器油位和旋钮等应经常保持在随时可以自动起动使用的状态。Check oil level of gover

54、nor, connecting link flexible or not, all buttons in normal position or not. (For automatic type, oil level of governor and buttons should be kept in the state that can automatically start at any moment.2.1.8.检查油门调节杆是否灵活,并打开燃油进口阀和回油阀(自动化机型,油门杆的油阀应经常保持在随时可以起动使用的状态。Check adjustment lever of accelerogr

55、aph flexible or not, open the fuel oil inlet valve and oil return valve. (For automatic type, oil valve of accelerograph lever should be kept in the state that can automatically start at any moment.2.1.9.打开空气瓶出口阀和进机前空气截止阀(自动化机型,这些阀门经常保持在开启状态。Open the main air valve of air bottle and air stop valve b

56、efore engine. (For automatic type, these valves should be kept open.2.1.10.确认各种准备工作正常后,拉动操纵杆冲车(不给燃油查看有无残水残油从示功阀处冲出,倾听有无异常杂音。After ensure all preparation is normal, pull joy stick to run engine (no supply fuel to check ifwaste water and waste oil flow out from indicator valves, hear abnormal sounding

57、.2.1.11.若冲车时无发现异常情况关闭示功阀后,将柴油机起动由调速器控制运转,在进行这个操作时,一方面要观察机油压力(自带淡水泵的机型还要注意淡水压力的上升情况,一方面要倾听机器的声音(自动化机型,自行起动运转或在集控室起动运转,都应注意倾听机器的运转声音与油水压力及其警报。If no abnormal conditions when running engine, close indicator valves, start diesel engine and be controlled by governor. During this operation, one side, obser

58、ve lube oil pressure (For fresh water pump, also observe fresh water pressure. raise condition, another side, hear sounding of machine. (For automatic type, after start and run automatically or start from engine control room, should heed machine sounding, oil and water pressure, warning alarm.2.1.12.关闭起动空气,并依次打开各缸示功阀检查,还应检查各缸排气温度是否正常(自动化机型,气瓶出口阀和进机前空气截止