Unit3Inventorsandinventions知识讲解话题语言应用

1、话题语言应用一一发明家与发明编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞语言积累交际用语打电话Which extension please?分机号是 ？Can I speak to . please?我能和说话吗？Hold the line ， please. / Hang on ， please.请不要挂断。Just a moment, please.请等一下。I m sorry but this phone is out of order .对不起，但是电话出故障了。I can get through .我打不通。Sorry. He / She isn t here right now对不起，他 /她不在。C

2、an I ring back later?我能一会再打回去吗？I Ung him / her up again.我会再打给他 /她。I must ring off now because.我必须挂断了，因为 话题语句（1）发现和发明（Discoveries and inventions ）1. A discovery is an act or the process of finding out something already existing in nature but not yet known.发现（discovery）指找到存在于自然界却不为人知的事物的行为和过程。An inven

3、tion is creating something not existing before.发明是创造出以前不存在的事物。2. The four great Chinese inventions :prin ti ng 印刷术 paper-mak ing 造纸 compass 指南针gun powder 火药3. What s the connectioi（联系）between discovery and invention?Discoveries （发现）Inventions （发明）1. Electricity 电1. Systems of delivering electrical l

4、ight and heating to homes and offices给住宅和办公室输送电力光和暖气的系统2. Household mach ines for wash in g, ir oning, keep ing food cold洗涤、熨烫、食物冷藏的家用机器3. Computers, teleph on es, televisi on计算机、电话、电视2. The movement of air 空气流动1. Airplane jet engines 飞机喷气引擎2. Air balloons 气球3. The circulation of the blood 血液 循环Mach

5、ines to help people with serious disease （like kid ney failure）帮助治疗严重疾病（如肾衰）的机 器4. X-rays X 射线1. Body sca nners to see whether you are ill 身体扫描设备检查是否生病2. Mach ines to treat ill nesses （like cancer） 治疗疾病（如癌症）的机器Discoveries often lead to inventions. Inventions are often based on discoveries.话题语句（2）App

6、l ying for a pate nt1. Stages （进程）every inven tor must go through before it is approved （批准、认可）Finding a problem 发现问题Doing research 研究问题Th in ki ng of a creative solution 想出创造性的解决办法Testing the solution 测试结论Deciding on the invention 确定发明Appl ying for a pate nt 申请专禾U （权）2. Adva ntages of gett ing a pa

7、te ntYou are recog ni zed as a real inven tor. 作为发明者得至 U承认。You can make money if you sell your inven ti on to others.卖掉发明可以挣钱。You will become famous. 会出名。You are able to prove that you were the first person to make the invention .你能够证明你曾是这项发明的第一发明人。3. Pate nt office （ 专禾 U局）plays the role of decidi

8、ng what is an inven ti on and what is not. And only inventions can get patents and they can be recognized and protected .More inven ti ons.Electric shoesThe heel of these shoes is a machine that makes electricity with every step you take. You will never need to buy batteries again.2. Inflatable bicy

9、cle 可充电自行车You will n ever have to worry about having your bike stole n aga in. If you use our in flatable bike, you can simply let_the air out and put your bike in a bag.3. Edible chopsticks 可食用筷子Never throw away or wash chopsticks again. These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally frien

10、dly （环保的）.Save trees and have a snac（小吃）at the same time they come in five differe nt flavours （味道）4. An amphibious （水陆两用的）car （2003）This is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways （斜着）and move into the body. The underneath

11、 （下面）of the car is strong eno ugh to sail as a boat. It is a prototype （ 雏形）and is not yet being produced for sale. This is an in teresti ng modern inven ti on.5. Stephenson s “ Rocket ”848）81George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time. O

12、ne of the first tracks （轨道） to be laid was between Stockton and Darlington. Stephenson was one of the first railway engineers and in 1825 he drove the first train along the line.6. The Structure of DNAThis was a discovery of Francis Crick and James Wats on and published in 1953. These two scientists

13、 were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals （ 螺旋式上升或下降 ）of DNA （called the double-helix 双螺旋）.This work led directly to the human genome （基因组）project in 2003, which discovered the Structure of DNA.话题语句（3）【高清课堂：Inventors and inventions语言应用】Inven ti ons have cha nged our livesWe live

14、in the age of scienee. People live, move and think in terms of scienee. Water, air, time and space have been conquered. Man has harnessed控制）the forces of nature to his own use. Science has helped man to lead a better life tha n ever before.要点提示：in terms of就.而言，从.方面说来，依据In all walks of life man has m

15、ade wo nderful progress. It has give n us very swift means ofcommunication transport. The steam engine, the motor car and now the airplane have conquered time and space. Man can now travel from one place to another in a short time. A journey of weeks and mon ths is now performed in a few hours.要点提示：

16、 walk生活方式，社会地位，身分，职业，行业steam engine蒸汽机The n there are the telegraph, the teleph one and the wireless. The wireless has made it possible to send messages to any part of the world in the twinkling of an eye. The radio has made the dull evenings at home bright. One can hear news, dialogues and speeches

17、 from the distant parts of the world while sitti ng at home. Televisi on, the latest developme nt of wireless telegraphy, en ables people to see the picture as well as hear voices.要点提示：1. wireless n.无线电接收机或发射机adj.不用电线的，用无线电传送的2. telegraphy电信技术3. “ the +单数名词”结构：表示一类人或事物，如上两段的the telegraph, the teleph

18、o ne等。Electricity, the greatest gift of scienee works the fans, cooks food, sweeps floors, irons clothes, air-c on diti ons or warms the houses and offices, washes dishes, lighis_houses, streets and towns, runs trains and buses, works the mills and factories and diagnoses and cures diseases.要点提示：1.

19、注意常用作名词或形容词等，此段中用作及物动词的词：work （使工作），warm，light，run （使移动/跑），air-condition （用空调调节）等。2. mill磨坊，工厂diagnose诊断Medical scienee has advanced a good deal. It helps the doctors to locate the disease. Terrible diseases have been brought under control Plastic surgery can change one s facend complexion. Science

20、has thus helped man in his fight against disease. The various inventions and discoveries of scienee have greatly added to the comforts of life.要点提示：advanee （使）发展，提高bring. under control使处于控制之中eomplexion 肤色locate找出，坐落在 plastic surgery 整形手术Scie nee has en tered our life so powerfully that we have start

21、ed thinking in a scientific way. It has all together cha nged our outlook on life. However, we now want to know the how and why of things. The age of superstitious beliefs is over. Scientific inventions have not all been for ourgood.要点提示：outlook展望superstitious迷信的good好处，利益Scienee has given man deadly

22、 weapons. The Iong-range guns, poisonous gases, atom bombs and many other destructive weap ons of warfare have made the life of man most in secure. Ano ther war, and the whole world will be destroyed in a minute by nuclear weapons.要点提示：deadly weapon致死的武器atom bomb 原子弹 destructive有破坏性的warfare战争，战争状态in

23、 secure不安全的n uelear核的，原子核的An other war, an d.是祈使句+and+分句”结构，前面的祈使句相当于条件状语从句，即“如果再有一次战争的话”。话题语句（4）有用的句子-试试你会了吗？1. 你能不能把它们赶走（除掉）？Can youthem please?2. 这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不 会伤害它们。Here was a cha nee for memyself bysometh ingthat wouldcatch sn akes but not harm them.3. 经过一番研究准备之后，我决定采用三

24、种可能的方法：第一，铲除它们的栖息地. with some research findings, I three possible: firstly,4. 它们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了，于是我只得调整我的计划。Theyinto ahole in the wall. So I had tomy pla n.5. 这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。This timeI bent dow n to exam ine the sn akes and I.6. 我把这些温顺的蛇收集起来，第二天就愉快地把它们全都释放到野外了。I collected thesn akes and

25、the n ext day wethem all.7. 由于朋友和亲戚的督促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对这次 成功的想法给予认可。by my friends and relati on s, I decided tothe opport un ity to get for my successful idea by sending my inven ti on to the.8. （评定）专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。Theare so strict that it is difficult touni ess they are truly.

26、9. 于是，我填了表，向专利局提交了专利申请书。So I havethe form andwith the Pate nt Office.10. 偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。Leave.11. 正是这种对问题的探索和富有活力的精神力量成就了他那著名的发明一一1876年的电话。It was thisaround problems and his that led to his most famousinven ti on the teleph one in 1876.12. 它很稳定，被证明是在桥梁设计中的无价之宝。Being very, it hasin the desig n of bridge

27、s.参考答案：1. get rid of2. to dist in guish; inventing; merciful3. Prepared （准备好的）；decided on； approaches; removing their habitat 动词-ing 形式作 approaches （接近，方法，途径）的同位语 4. abruptly disappeared; convenient （便利的，附近的 ）；adjust5. with great caution （小心地）；found them very sleepy6. passive; merrily released （释放）；

28、back into the wild7. Pressed; seize; recog niti on （承认）；pate nt office8. criteria; get new ideas accepted; novel （adj. 新颖的； n.小说）9. filled in; filed my pate nt ap plicati on（file vt.提交，把归档；n.文件）10. the beate n track occasi on ally and dive into the woods11. explori ng; dyn amic spirit12. stable； pro

29、ved in valuable （无价的，极宝贵的）写作运用学写求职信1. 写作分析：文体：书信类，注意书信的一些基本格式。时态：常用一般现在时和一般过去时结构：1）开门见山，说明写信的缘由与动机。2）自我介绍，包括个人情况、工作经历及申请这份工作的理由等。3）表示你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。要求：1）篇幅不宜过长，要简明扼要。2）态度要诚恳，实事求是。3）信息要精炼且有针对性。4）语气要客气、礼貌。典型词句：1. 说明求职信缘由与动机I would like to apply to become a . in your company. 我想申请成为你们公司的 In today n

30、ewspaper I noticed your advertisement for .在今天的报纸上我注意到你们.的广告。2. 介绍个人情况I graduated from. 我毕业于 I am experieneed in ./I have experienee of . 我经历过 I have had four years experienee in my present post as .我做现在这个作.的职位有四年了。I believe that both my education and experienee are directly related to your requirem

31、ents . 我相信我的学历和经验都符合你们的要求。3. 结尾I hope to have the pleasure of an in terview. 我希望获得面试的荣幸。I would appreciate your call at.如果你给打电话，我会很感激的。I hope that you will give my application careful attention .希望你能关注我的申请。An early reply would be appreciated. Tha nk you.如能早日回复，我会非常感激。谢谢。I would be most grateful if m

32、y request receives your favorable consideration . 如果我的请求得到你们善意的关注，我会非常感激。写作范文假如你是高中生李华。你从中国日报上得知某知名外企要招聘暑期实习生，主要收集整理关于公司产品方面的最新发明信息。请根据下面要点提示，给该公司写一封求职信。要点如下：1. 平时很关注科技发明方面的新闻；2. 喜欢搞小发明，已获得一项专利；3. 擅长英语，尤其是阅读和写作能力好。参考范文：Dear Sir or Madam,I read in the China Daily that you are looking for a part-time

33、secretary and I hope I will prove to be just the kind of person you are looking for.According to the advertisement, your company needs a person to sort out the latest in formatio n on inven ti ons duri ng the summer holiday. I feel that I a m compete nt (有能力的)tomeet these requirements . I am interes

34、ted in news about scientific inventions and I spend most of my spare time inven ti ng thin gs. So far I have obta ined one pate nt. In additi on, my teacher says I am very good at English and he says that my ability to read and write English is beyond question .I would be most grateful if you could allow me to work for your company as a secre