(动词和动词词组定稿)

1、二 系动词 系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。smell (书上110面)1）状态系动词-用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。He is a teacher.2）持续系动词-用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词-用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有

2、seem, appear, look。He looks tired. He seems （to be） very sad.4）感官系动词-感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.5）变化系动词-表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come. He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.6）终止系动词-表

3、示主语已终止动作主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意。The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 三. 助动词 1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态。He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b. 表示语态。He was

4、 sent to England.他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句。Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。I dont like him. e. 加强语气。Do come to the party tomorrow evening. He did know that.3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。l 助动词be的用法 1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态。They are having a meeting.2）be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。The

5、 window was broken by Tom.3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。 He is to go to New York next week. b. 表示命令。You are to explain this.c.征求意见。 How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？d. 表示相约、商定。We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.l 助动词have的用法 1. have +过去分词，构成完成时态。 He has left for London

6、. By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。 I have been studying English for ten years.3）have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。l 助动词do 的用法 1）构成一般疑问句。 Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？ Did you

7、 study German?你们学过德语吗？2）do + not 构成否定句。 I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesnt like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.3） 构成否定祈使句。Dont go there.不要去那里。 说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。 Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I

8、 did go there.我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you.我确实想你。5）用于倒装句。 Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 6）用作代动词。 - Do you like Beijing?-你喜欢北京吗？ - Yes, I do.-是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）l 助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。I

9、shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。l 助动词should, would的用法 1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。We never thought we should see you again.2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。 He said he would come.四、情 态 动 词情态动词是表示情态意义的动词, 它表示说话人的语气和情态,它不能单独作谓语,必须

10、与实义动词一起构成谓语,情态动词没有人称和数的变化.英语中常见的情态动词有: can ( could ) , may ( might ), must ,shall ( should ) ,will ( would ) , need , dare , ought to 1. 表示请求和允许: can, could , may, might. 过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。 - Could I use your computer tomorrow morning?- Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)2表示推测：理论可能性can可能性肯定句mus

11、t, may ,might, could疑问句can否定句cant (不可能)，may not (可能不)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生. Children can be very tiring.3情态动词使用技巧1）can, could & be able to can 泛指一般能力could表示能做某事，事实上不一定去做;be able to表示成功地做成了某一件事， 相当于managed to do或succeeded in doing sth.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but

12、everyone was able to get out.2）. may / might (just)as well do sth “还是好”、“不妨” You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好。3）. must和have to （1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法; have to强调客观需要。（2）否定形式含义不同: mustnt禁止，不许可;dont have to不必（3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）Must you shout so loudly?4）. shall和shouldshall（1)表示说话人征求对方意见和

13、向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。 When shall my father be able to leave hospital?（2)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。You shall go with me (命令) You shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺）He shall be punished （威胁）Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心)should（1) 表示劝告和建议“应该”（2) “按道理应当”“估计” They should be there by now, I

14、think. （3） 用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。I should advise you not do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。（4） 在条件句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. （5） Why / How + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外等意思， 意为“竟然”，也用在某些从句中。 It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.

15、 这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。5）. will 和would （1）表示意志和意愿。will 指现在，would指过去。If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice.（2）表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。Will (Would ) you please pass me the book?（3）表示习惯性动作，“总是” “惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water. Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in

16、 thought.（4). 表示功能， 意为“能” 或“行” The machine wont work.（5) 表示预料或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.猜想他离开家时大约十点。 6）. would & used to（1）表示过去持续的状态和情况用used to; would不与表示状态的动词连用。There used to be a hospital here. （2）would 常与often, sometimes, for hours等表示时间的副词连用。We would sit in the yard every evening

17、 and listened to his story.（3）used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义. He will not spend the money on books as he used to.7）. dare 和need8） 情态动词+ have done（1） may（might） have + done sth,can （could） have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。 Philip may /might have been hurt seriously in the car accident.（

18、2） must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She must have gone by bus.（3） ought to have done sth, should have done sth （ought to 在语气上比should 要强。）表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了。 You ought to /should have been more careful in this experiment. H

19、e ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（4） neednt have done sth 表示本没必要做某事，但做了。I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot.（5） would have done sth 表示本打算做某事，但没做。 I would have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。9） had better表示最好

20、had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. Shed better not play with the dog. had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果，意为本来最好。 You had better have come earlier.10） would rather表示宁愿 would rather than宁愿而不愿。 If I have a choic

21、e, I would rather not continue my studies at this school. I would rather stay here than go home. Need“need”既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但是它们的用法不同。 下面是“need”作为情态动词的用法： 一、need表示“需要”或“必须”，通常用于否定句,疑问句,条件句。例如： 1You neednt do it again你不需要再做了。 2He neednt worry about it这件事他无需担心。 3Need he do this homework first？他需要先做这些

22、作业吗？ 4Need they fill in the form？他们需要填表吗？ 二、在否定句中，可以用need的否定形式不定式完成体。例如： 1We neednt have worried其实我们不必要慌。 2You neednt have mentioned it你本来不必提起这件事。 3You neednt have said that when he asked当他问的时候，你其实不必要说。 三、neednt后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。例如： 1He neednt be standing in the rain他不必要站在雨中。 2We neednt be waiting

23、in this place我们不必要在这儿等。 3The hedges neednt be trimmed this week本周树蓠不必要整修。 四、其一般疑问句的答语，肯定用must，否定用neednt。 Need I go with her? 我需要和他一起去吗？ Yes, you must. 是的，你需要去。 No, you neednt. 不，你不必去。 “need”作为实义动词时，通常用法是： 人need to do 物need doing 物need to be done 另外，“need”作实义动词时后还可以直接跟名词。请看下面的例子： It is a question tha

24、t needs very careful consideration这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题 很简单的方法区别情态动词与实义动词：当need为情态动词时，意思是“必要”，否定为neednt，后面大多接动名词，表示动作； 当need为实义动词时，意思是“需要”，否定为dont need,后面大多跟名词。 还有need作名词.意思就是需求，需要.比如 meet ones needs 满足某人需求.need n.需要, 必需, 必需品, 要求, 贫困the need to do， the need of sth.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

25、 I am in need of a laptop.我需要一台笔记本电脑。I am in a crying need for $1,000. 我急需1000块钱 Daredare 可做情态动词也可做实义动词 Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say Im unfair. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? dare也常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，da

26、re后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Dont you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dared (to) say that. dare not to 中dare为情态动词dont/doesnt/didnt dare to中dare是实义动词dont用在第一人称第二人称现在式中doesnt用在第三人称现在式didnt用在过去式中1. 用作情态动词其意为“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及 if 或 wheth

27、er 之后，一般不用于肯定句：Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告诉她事实真相吗? I dont know whether he dare try. 我不知他是否敢试一试。I darent ask her this question. 我不敢问她这个问题。I dare say 是习惯说法(用于肯定句)，并不一定要译为“我敢说”，它所表示的是一种不肯定的语气，常译为“大概”、“我想”等：I dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是对的。2. 用作实意动词意为“敢于”，可以有词形变化，可用于各类句型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等)，其

28、后可接不定式(有时也可省略to)We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。Does she dare to go alone? 她敢一个人去吗?Tom didnt dare to do it. 汤姆不敢做那件事记忆口诀： 看似落下来去跑， 1停留站息成卧倒。 2续保生长现转变， 3闻声感觉尝得到。 4举例说明每个注解：1look看,seem似乎,fall落下, come来, go去, run跑例句： look 看（作“半系动词”用时意为：看起来） She looked very tired but she was still chee

29、rful. 她看起来很累，但她仍然很乐观。seem 似乎（是），看来He seemed to me quite normal. 在我看来，他似乎很平常。 They seemed happytogether. 他们在一起时似乎很快乐。 fall 落下（作“半系动词”用时意为：变成，进入某种状态） He asked for leave because his mother fell ill. 他因母亲生病而请假。 come 来（作“半系动词”用时意为：变成，成为是） Wrong never comes right. 错误的永远不会变成正确的。 go 去（作“半系动词”用时意为：变为，成为）His

30、black hair has gone grey. 他的黑头发变白了。The milk easily goes sour in hot weather. 在炎热的天气里，牛奶很容易变酸。 run 跑（作“半系动词”用时意为：变为，变得）These shirts run small. 这几件衬衫（变）小了。The stream ran dry because it hadnt rained for months. 因为几个月没下雨，那条小溪干枯了。2stay停留,remain留下, stand站，立, rest休息, become变成,lie卧倒。例句： stay 停留（作“半系动词”用时意为：

31、保持某种状态） The man still stays single. 那个男子还是单身。 remain 留下（作“半系动词”用时意为：仍然处于某种状态） His fine personal qualities remain unchanged. 他的优秀品质保持不变。 Her uncle remained poor all his life. 他叔父一生贫穷。 stand 站，立（作“半系动词”用时意为：保持某种状态）He said he stood corrected. 他说他接受指正。The contract stands good for another year. 该合同继续有效一年

32、。 rest 休息（作“半系动词”用时意为：保持某种状态） She told me that she rested satisfied. 她告诉我她心满意足了。 become 变成，成为 His son used to work very hard, but he has become very lazy. 他儿子过去很努力，但现在却变得非常懒惰。 She has become rich by diligence. 她靠勤奋而发了财。 lie 卧，躺（作“半系动词”用时意为：处于某种状态） The book lay open on the desk. 桌子上的书打开着。 Not an inch of land is allowed to lie wasted. 一寸土地也不能让它荒废。3continue继续, keep保持, grow生长, appear出现, turn转变例句： continue 继续（处于某种状态） The weather continued fine. 天气仍然很好。 Her mothers illness continued long. 她母亲的病拖了很久。 keep 保持，继续（处于某种状态）She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。Ke