第5章+悬索结构

1、Tianjin UniversityChapter 5 第五章Suspended-cable Structure悬索结构Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1 Concept System 概念体系5.1.1 Concept 概念Suspended-cable structure is a type of spatial structure composed of a series of flexible tensioned cables which act as load-bearing members and are supported

2、 on the edge members or supporting structures. 悬索结构：是以一系列受拉的索作为主要承重构件，这些索按一定的规律组成各种不同形式的体系，并悬挂在边缘构件或支承结构上而形成的一种空间结构。 The Akashi Kaikyo bridge in JapanThe worlds longest cable suspension bridgeSuspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1.2 Development history and current situation 发展与现状 1953年 Ameri

3、can Releigh GymnasiumThe first modern suspended-cable roof structures 雷利体育馆 世界上第一个现代悬索屋盖 Prestressed saddle cable net structure 预应力鞍形索网结构Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University北卡罗来纳州道顿竞技馆北卡罗来纳州道顿竞技馆1957年 Washington Dulles International Airport Single-layer suspended-cable system 华盛顿杜勒斯机场候机厅 单层悬索

4、体系Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1.2 Development history and current situation 发展与现状1961年 北京工人体育馆（辐射式双层悬索体系） Beijing Workers Gymnasium (Radiant double-layer suspended-cable structure)1967年 浙江人民体育馆（双曲抛物面正交索网结构） Zhejiang peoples stadium (Hyperbolic paraboloid orthogonal cable net structu

5、re)浙江人民体育馆Zhejiang peoples stadium北京工人体育馆屋顶Beijing Workers GymnasiumSuspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1.2 Development history and current situation 发展与现状1964年 日本代代木体育馆 劲性索结构体系 Japans yoyogi gymnasium Rigid cable structure1980年 莫斯科奥运会中心体育馆 劲性索结构体系 Moscow Olympic center stadium Rigid cable

6、structure日本代代木体育馆Japans yoyogi gymnasium莫斯科奥运会中心体育馆Moscow Olympic center stadiumSuspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.2 Characteristics and classification 特点与分类5.2.1 Characteristics 特点Suspended-cable Structure Resists the external load with axial tensile load of the cable and the bending mome

7、nt effect and shear force effect don not appear, so it can make full use of the strength of steel; 悬索结构是通过索的轴向拉伸来抵抗外荷载的作用，结构中不出现弯矩和剪 力效应，因此其可充分利用钢材的强度； Have various forms and flexible layout, which can meet the demand of function and modelling of the building, hence it is one of the structural forms

8、 that architects are willing to adopt to. 悬索结构形式多样，布置灵活，并能适应多种建筑平面，因此能够较好地满 足建筑功能和造型需求，是建筑师乐于采用的结构形式之一； Light weight, can span large space economically 自重轻，可较为经济地跨越很大的空间；Tianjin University5.2 Characteristics and classification 特点与分类5.2.1 Characteristics 特点Suspended-cable Structure The processing tec

9、hnology of connection nodes and anchorage system are very perfect, and the prestressed tension and control technology is also very mature, so the construction is convenient. 目前悬索结构连接节点的加工技术和锚固系统已很完善，预应力张拉工艺 及控制技术也非常成熟，因此悬索结构施工也比较方便。 The edge members bear more load, hence larger sections and more mat

10、erials are needed. 悬索结构的边缘件或支承受力较大，往需要更大的截面、耗费多材料。Tianjin University5.2.2 Classification 分类Suspended-cable structure悬索结构Single layer suspended-cable structure 单层悬索结构：One-way single-layer suspended-cable structure单向单层悬索结构Two-way single-layer suspended-cable structure双向单层悬索结构Radiant single-layer suspe

11、nded-cable structure辐射式单层悬索结构Double layer suspended-cable structure 双层悬索结构:One-way double-layer suspended-cable structure单向双层悬索结构Two-way double-layer suspended-cable structure双向双层悬索结构Radiant double-layer suspended-cable structure辐射式双层悬索结构Prestressed cable net structure 预应力索网结构:Network cable structur

12、e system composed of two groups of single-layer cable system with opposite curvature 同一曲面上两组曲率相反的单层悬索系统相交而成的网状悬索结构体系Other types 其他类型结构：Rigid cable structure劲性悬索结构Transverse stiffener single-layer cable structure横向加劲单层悬索结构Prestressed cable-arch system预应力索拱体系Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University

13、Suspended-cable Structure Single layer suspended-cable structure 单层悬索结构：One-way single-layer suspended-cable structure 单向单层悬索结构Tianjin University Single layer suspended-cable structure 单层悬索结构：Two-way single-layer suspended-cable structure 双向单层悬索结构Suspended-cable StructureRadiant single-layer suspend

14、ed-cable structure 辐射式单层悬索结构Tianjin University Double layer suspended-cable structure 双层悬索结构:Basic structure 基本构造Suspended-cable Structure承重索联系杆件稳定索One-way double-layer suspended-cable structure 单向单层悬索结构Tianjin University Double layer suspended-cable structure 双层悬索结构:Suspended-cable StructureTwo-way

15、 double-layer suspended-cable structure 双向双层悬索结构Two-way double-layer suspended-cable structure 双向双层悬索结构Tianjin University Prestressed cable net structure 预应力索网结构:Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University Other types 其他类型悬索结构：Suspended-cable StructureRigid cable structure 劲性悬索结构Transverse stiffener

16、 single-layer cable structure 横向加劲单层悬索结构Tianjin University Other types 其他类型悬索结构：Suspended-cable StructurePrestressed cable-arch system 预应力索拱体系Tianjin University Other types 其他类型悬索结构：Suspended-cable StructureComposite suspended-cable structures 组合悬索结构Suspended structure 悬挂结构Tianjin University5.3 The

17、calculation and design 悬索结构的设计分析Suspended-cable Structure5.3.1 The calculation method 计算分析方法 Analytical method 解析法 Basic assumption 基本假定 Cable is ideal flexible, it can only sustain tension, is unable to bear pressure and bending moment 索是理想柔性的，只能承受拉力，不能承受压力和弯矩2. The mechanical properties of cable m

18、aterials meet the hookes law 索材料的力学特性满足虎克定律Based on the mechanical analysis of the single cable, analytical expressions in which the vertical displacement and internal force are unknown quantity are established using the coordinate conditions between each single cables, and then solution is made to

19、obtain the exact solution based on the two hypotheses above. 从单根拉索的受力性能分析出发，利用各单索间的位移协调条件建立以竖向位移或内力为未知数的解析表达式，然后进行求解的结构分析方法，是基于上述两种假设推导出的精确解。Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure Analytical method 解析法Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable StructureA very effective method. Its basic idea is to discr

20、ete cable structure into several units, and then based on the small strain and big displacement state of suspended-cable structure, the equations of nonlinear finite element where the node displacement act as the basic unknown quantity are established using the geometric nonlinear theory.非常有效的求解方法。它

21、的基本思想是将悬索结构离散为若干单元，然后针对悬索结构的小应变大位移状态，应用几何非线性理论，建立节点位移为基本未知量的非线性有限元方程组。 The load of suspended-cable structures 悬索结构的荷载5.3.2 The design method 设计方法 Finite element method 有限元方法The main loads that suspended-cable structure mainly sustain are permanently load, roof live load, snow load, wind load and tem

22、perature effect and earthquake action, etc.悬索结构承受的荷载主要有恒荷载、屋面活荷载、雪荷载、风荷载以及温度作用和地震作用等。Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure The design of steel cable 钢索设计The steel cable used in suspended-cable structure are mainly parallel wire strand, steel strand and steel wire rope, which are made up of hig

23、h strength steel wire, and the round steel, profile steel, strip steel and other materials are also used.用于悬索结构的钢索大多采用由高强钢丝组成的平行钢丝束、钢绞线或钢丝绳等。也可采用圆钢、型钢、带钢或钢板等材料。Parallel wire strand 平行钢丝束Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable StructureSteel strand 钢绞线Steel wire rope 钢丝绳17119Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cab

24、le Structure The strength checking computation of steel cable 钢索强度验算Bearing capacity of single cable section can be checked according to following equations 单索截面根据承载力按下式验算：Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4 The joint structure of suspended-cable structure 悬索结构的节点构造5.4.1 The connection am

25、ong cables 钢索与钢索的连接The u-shaped clip connection 形夹连接Splint connection 夹板连接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.2 The cable connector 索的连接件Extrusion screw 挤压螺杆Extrusion connecting ring 挤压式连接环Chill casting connecting ring 冷铸式连接环Chill casting screw 冷铸螺杆Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Struct

26、ure5.4.3 The connection between cable and roof boarding 钢索与屋面板连接Junction plate connection 连接板连接Out of reinforced connection 伸出钢筋连接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点The connection between the cable and reinforced concrete supporting structure钢索与钢筋混凝土支撑结构连接 T

27、he connection between the cable and steel supporting structure钢索与钢筋混凝土支撑结构连接 Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点The connection between the cable and flexible edge cable钢索与柔性边索连接The connection between single-layer cable system and the center ring-pull单层索系与中心拉

28、环的连接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点The connection between double-layer cable system and the center ring-pull双层索系与中心拉环的连接The connection between double-layer cable system and the center structure ring双层索系与中心构造环的连接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure

29、5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点The connection between cable and purline 钢索与檩条的连接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.5 The construction of suspended-cable structure 悬索结构的施工Suspended-cable structure is light-weight structure, and its construction is relatively simple. However, its construc

30、tion and the design of suspended-cable structure are closely intertwined. The construction steps must be considered in the design, particularly the steps of prestressing and roof laying. And the actual construction must be in accordance with the pre-determined steps, such as a slight change, it may

31、cause the great change of the internal forces, and even lead to significant overloading of the supporting structure悬索结构自重轻，施工较简单。但需要特别注意的一点是：悬索结构的施工与设计联系十分紧密。如前所述，设计时必须预先考虑施工的步骤， 尤其必须预先规定好施加预应力和铺设屋面的步骤。 实际施工时必须严格按照规定的步骤进行。5.5.1 The production of cable 钢索的制作The production of cable generally consists

32、of procedures such as blanking, weaving beam, pre tensioning, and protection.钢索的制作一般需经下料、编束、预张拉、及防护几个程序Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure The allowable space deviation between the prestressed holes on the supporting members located on both the ends of the cable is L / 3000 (L refers to span

33、), and is no more than 20 mm 钢索两端支承构件预应力孔的间距允许偏差为 L3000 (L 为跨距)，并不大 于20mm； Load-bearing cable should be arranged first and then the stable cable. The arrangement should be adjusted according to the design of the initial state of geometric surface and prestressed value adjustment, and the deviation s

34、hould be controlled within 10%; 穿索时应先穿承重索，后穿稳定索，并根据设计的初始几何状态曲面和预应 力值进行调整，其偏差宜控制在 10以内； Roof components must be symmetrically installed. 各种屋面构件必须对称地进行安装。5.5.2 The installation of cable 钢索的安装Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.5.3 The tension of cable 钢索的张拉 The jack should be calibrated befor

35、e tensioning 千斤顶在张拉前应进行标定 The cable should be tensioned symmetrically and in stages according to the design of the prestressed value. 对索施加预应力时，应按设计提供的预应力值分阶段对称张拉。 The commonly used tensioning methods in suspended-cable structure are: jack tension method, screw thread tension method, transverse tension method and electrothermal tension method. 悬索结构中较为常用的预张力施加方法有：千斤顶张拉法、丝扣旋张 法、横向张拉法和电热张拉法等。Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.5.4 The corrosion prevention of