高考英语近五年代词、介词和介词短语解析版

1、专题11 代词、介词和介词短语【2020年】1. （2020新课标 I 卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters （环形山），more so 65 the familiar near side.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一而有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级mores。可知， 此处填介词than,表示“比更”。故填than。2. （ 2020-刹代果标 I 卷）Data about the moon&#

2、39;s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 （it） plans for a future lunar 球的）base are practical.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。3. （2020,新课标 I 卷）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I wa

3、ited patiently unless the oil was hot.【答案】将。疔改为on【解析】考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识 可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on,故将。ff改为n。4. （2020-新课标 I 卷）"Not that way, M my mom tried to stop us but failed.【答案】将us改为me【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。“我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一 个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”

4、，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将US改为me。5. （2020新课标 II 卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.【答案】than【解析】句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。6. （ 2020-新课标 II 卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.【答案】去掉

5、on【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。everyday译为“每 一天“，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。7. （2020-新课标 II 卷）Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.【答案】将yours改为your【解析】考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you译为“祝你好运”是固 定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。8. （2020新课标 III 卷）The ar

6、tist was finally humbled （谦卑）by the greatest artist 70. earth. Mother Nature.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句 意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth”故填on。9. （2020江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in me

7、mory of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for 作为交换:B. in answer to回答:C. in contact with接触.与有联系：D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someonewho shares your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触: 故选Co10. （2020江苏卷）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes forA.

8、 whichever B. wheneverC. whereverD. whatever【答案】D【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。 A. whichever无论哪个：B. whenever无论何时：C. wherever无论何地：D. whalever无论什么。分析句子成 分可知，此处做goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。故选D,11. （2020-天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake a monkey.A. in the shape

9、of B. beyond the reach ofC. at the mercy of D. on the side of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕.A. in the shape of 呈 形状：B. beyond the reach of 超出 的能力之外 C. at the mercy of 受 的支配：D. on the side of 拥护，站在的一边。蛋糕是猴子"形状''的。故选A。12. （2020.山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors c

10、an play with computer simulations （模拟）and 8imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43 (walking) (walk)throuNh a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不 同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己“，应使用反身代词。故填 themselves 013. (2020山东卷)Museums must compete 4

11、5 people's spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了 竞争故填for。14. (2020.浙江卷)Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56. , through agriculture.56.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000

12、年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的 世界。分析可知，“they lived”应是之前名词(he world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知 先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：ihey lived in the world, live in+名词，意为“居住在某地故填in。【2019年】1. 2019-天津卷】A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B

13、【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空 格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词， 不能。the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B.2 .【2019江苏卷】Favorable policies are to encourage employees1 professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。

14、句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际 上：B. in command指挥：C.inuim轮流，依次：D.in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。3 .【2019新课标 I 卷】Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法

15、。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of连接， “methods of doing sth”,意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填 of/for a4 . 2019-新课标 I 卷Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungr>r bears may be congregating(聚 集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉)that populat

16、ions are68.(high) than they actually【答案】of/for5 .【2019新课标 III 卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact. 【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of'意为“一群"。故填of。6 .【2019折江卷But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 this question is not clear.【答案】I。【解析】考查

17、介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to这是固定搭配，”的答案 是工故填1。0【2018年】1 .【2018北京】一Good mormiig, Mr. Lee office.Good moniiiig. I'd like to make ail appomtinent next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：一早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee 见面)。make an appointment for意为"为预约”，是固定搭

18、配,故A选项正确°2. 2018-天津Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he wentA. at firstB. after allC. above allD. at random【答案】B【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但它毕竟还是去了。at first首 先：afterall毕竟,终究：above疝首先；at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反, 所以选B。3. 2018-江苏China'

19、;s soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of Chinaglobally.A. in line with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和 理解相一致0 A.inlinewhh按照；与一致：B. in reply k）答复：C. in relun】 for作为的报酬：D. in honour of为纪念.故选A.4.【2018新课标 HI 卷】I

20、was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.【答案】for【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我''研究的三只西部 低地大猩猩。【2017年】1 .【2017天津卷】IWhen you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be trees thatare over L000 years old.A. among B. against C.

21、 behind D. below【答案】A【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。be among位 于之间：be against反对：be behind在后而：be below在之卜,根据句意，故选A.2 .【2017江苏卷】Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for oursurvival.A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语的

22、辨析。A. in contrast to对比,截然不同；B. in defense of为辩护：C. in faceof面对：D.in region I。与有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技 能.故选D。3. 2017-北京卷】Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】B【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么 事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里

23、谋生，用in,故选B。【2016年】1 【2016天津】The dictionary is: many words have been added to the language since it was published.A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来，很多单词被添加到这种语言中。 A. out of conlrol失去控制：B.oul of dale过时的：C. oiH of sight看不见的：D.out of reach够不着的。根据句 意，故选B°2 .【2016浙江】In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it【答案】A【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system,用that,而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数