中考英语语法专题教案---主谓一致和倒装句

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题十三 主谓一致和倒装句一、 主谓一致在句子中谓语动词必须在人称和数等方面与主语保持一致。. 谓语动词用单数（） 在一般现在时当中,主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动用单数。My father has lunch in the factory every day.我爸爸每天在工厂吃午饭。There a box of apples on the floor.地上有一箱苹果。This pair of shoes much. 这双鞋很贵。（） 一个人兼两种身份,谓语动词用单数。The teacher and writer very famous.那位教师兼作家非常有名。（） 两

2、件配对的东西作主语,谓语动词用单数。A knife and fork has been put on the table.餐桌上已经摆好了一副刀叉。Fish and chips is very popular in Australia.鱼和炸薯条在澳大利亚非常受欢迎。（） 复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。There is something wrong with his bike. 他的自行车出毛病了。Is anybody going to see the film？ 有人要去看电影吗？（） 主语是单数,后接 as well as,

3、（ together） with,like,except,but,along with 等词（ 组） 时,谓语动词用单数。The teacher as well as the students this book.老师跟学生们一样,也喜欢这本书。Mr Li,together with the students, planting trees.李老师正在和学生们一起植树。He,like you,is very kind. 他像你一样,非常善良。No one except you and me knows it.除了你和我,没有人知道这件事。（） “ each every no 单数名词（ 短语）

4、 ” 作主语,谓语动词用单数。In our country every boy and every girl the right to get education. 在我国,每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。No teacher and no student is allowed to break the school rules.没有一个老师和学生允许违反校规。（） more than one,many a 短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。More than one question asked at the meeting.在会上,不止一个问题被提出。Many a student is sta

5、nding in the teachers office.许多学生正站在老师办公室里。（） all 作主语指代物,谓语动词用单数。All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都已经做了。（） 时间、金钱、距离、度量等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Five times four is twenty. 乘以 等于 。Eight thousand dollars more than he can afford.,美元是他负担不起的。（） 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。 （ 尤其要注意一些形式上是复数的不可数名词。 如：news,maths,goods）The n

6、ews is very exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。Maths is not so interesting as Chinese. 数学不如语文有趣。（ ） the number of . . . 和 the population of . . . 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 但是“ 分数 the population of . . . ” 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The number of the students in our class is .我们班的人数是 。The population of the students in our class is .我们班的人数是 。

7、Two thirds of the population in China are farmers.中国 的人口是农民。. 谓语动词用复数（） and 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。Lucy and Lily are twins. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。Both my sister and I are good at singing.我和我姐姐都擅长唱歌。（） 某些常以复数形式出现的名词,如：clothes,trousers,glasses,stairs, shorts, scissors, socks, stockings 等作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。The trouser

8、s on the bed are mine. 床上的裤子是我的。（） 表示总称意义的名词,如：people,public,police 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The police looking for the missing child.警察正在寻找那个丢失的孩子。（） “the 形容词 分词”作主语指代一类人,谓语动词用复数。The old need to be taken good care of.老人需要被很好地照顾。（） 表示复数概念的不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,常见的有：both,few,a few,many,several 等。Both are correct. 两人

9、都对。A few girls are standing under the tree.一些女孩正站在那棵树下。（） “ the 姓氏的复数” 作主语,谓语动词用复数。The Greens are watching TV. 格林一家人正在看电视。. 谓语动词既可以用单数又可以用复数（） “ 分数 名词” 和“ 百分数 名词” 短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与后面的名词保持一致。 percent of the students in our class girls.我们班 的学生是女生。Three fourths of the earth is covered by sea.地球表面的 被海洋覆盖

10、。（） “a lot of lots of some of all of half of the rest of 名词（ 短语）”作主语,谓语动词的单复数与 of 后的名词（短语）保持一致。Most of the boys in our class like football.我们班大部分男孩都喜欢足球。Most of his time is spent in playing football.他的大部分时间都花在踢足球上。（） 集体名词,如：family,team,group,class,audience 等作主语时,强调集体,谓语动词用单数；强调成员,谓语动词用复数。Class Three

11、 has a TV set. 三班有一台电视机。Class Three are having a meeting. 三班正在开班会。（） 代词 none 作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人的意思用单数或复数。None of them is a Party member. None of them are Party members. 他们当中没有一个是党员。（） such 作为代词作主语时,谓语动词与其所指代的成分保持一致。“ I have never seen such an interesting film. ” such were his words. “ 我从未看过这么有趣的一部电影。”

12、他就是这样说的。Such is the result. 结果就是这样。（） sheep,means 等单复数同形的名词作主语时, 根据具体情况,谓语动词采用单数或复数。 这样的词还有：bellows 风箱,species 种类,series 系列,works 工厂等。Every（ one） means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。Some sheep are on the hill. 一些绵羊在山上。. 谓语动词用就近原则（） there be 句型中的谓语动词用就近原则。There is a table and two chairs in the room.房间里有一张

13、桌子和两把椅子。（） not only . . . but also . . . ,neither . . . nor . . . ,either . . . or. . . ,whether . . . or . . . 等连接的主语,谓语动词用就近原则。Not only the students but also the teacher highly of him.不仅学生们,就连老师都对他评价很高。Neither my father nor I at home.在家里我和爸爸都不做饭。Either mother or father cooks at home.在家里不是妈妈就是爸爸做饭。

14、二、 倒装句英语句子通常有两种语序：一种主语在前, 谓语在后, 称为自然语序；另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。按“ 主语 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。 如果排列顺序变为“ 谓语 主语” ,就是倒装。 倒装句分为：完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。部分倒装：只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。. 以 there, here, out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句,只将副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。In came our teacher. Here is your letter.

15、这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。 主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is. Away he went.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys. now,then,just,often 表示时间的副词放在句首,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。Then came the chairman. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首,要用倒装句式,以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置, 不加助动词 did, does或 do。Under a big tree sat a fa

16、t man,half asleep. there 放在句首时,要用倒装句式。在“ there be” 结构中的谓语动词有时不用 be,而用表示类似“ 存在” 概念的其他不及物动词。 如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise 和 appear 等。There came shouts for help from the river.从河里传来了救命的喊叫声。There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.在那所房子前面是一大片小麦地。Many years ago there lived an old man

17、 in the wooden house.许多年前在那所木屋里住着一位老人。. so be 助动词 情态动词 主语neither nor be 助动词 情态动词 主语注意：前句是肯定句时,用 so be 助动词 情态动词 主语；前句是否定句时,用 neither nor be 助动词 情态动词 主语。表示两人同样一个情况时, 只能表示一件事, 即上、 下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。 否则要用 so it is with . . .You can ride a bike, . 你会骑自行车，我也会。He has been to Beijing, so have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。The

18、 first one isnt good, .第一个不好，第二个也不好。His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So is it with his aunt. 他叔叔是一名工人并且在这个工厂里工作 多年了。 他姑姑也是。. not only . . . but also . . . 如连接两个成分时,不用倒装；连接句子时,前面的句子要用倒装。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also

19、 his German citizenship.不仅没收了他的一切东西,还取消了他的德国国籍。Not only is he busy,but also I have a lot of work to do.不仅他忙,我也有许多工作要做。Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well. 他不仅英语说得好,而且法语说得也很好。【易混易错清单】. either of, neither of, both of, neither . . . nor . . . , either. . . or . . .

20、, both . . . and . . . 连接主语时,谓语动词的单、复数谓语动词用单数 谓语动词用复数 就近原则either of . . . both of . . . either . . . or . . .neither of . . . both . . . and . . . neither . . . nor . . .Either of them is good enough. 他们中的任何一个都够好的了。Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。Both of them like dancing. 他们两人都喜欢跳舞。Both s

21、he and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。Either my brother or my parents are going to see my grandpa tomorrow.要么我哥哥要么我父母明天将去看我祖父。Neither the students nor the teacher likes the film.学生和老师都不喜欢这部电影。. “ so 谓语 主语” 与“ so 主语 谓语”（） “ so be 动词 助动词 情态动词 主语” 这一倒装结构用来表达前面所陈述的情况也适用于另外一人,意思是“ 也是如此” 。 如：Jennifer lik

22、es to listen to music. So do I. 詹妮弗喜欢听音乐,我也喜欢。I have been to the Great Wall, and so has she. 我去过长城,她也去过。此句型只用于肯定句。 否定句要用“ neither nor be 动词 助动词 情态动词 主语” 结构。 如：He cant speak Russian. 他不会讲俄语。Neither nor can I. 我也不会。（） “ so 主语 be 动词 助动词 情态动词” 用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容,这是一种简单的答语,是对上文所说的情况加以肯定。 其中 so 的意义相当于 indee

23、d,certainly。 可译为“ 的确如此” ,“ 确实这样” 。 如：He works hard. 他工作努力。So he does, and so does his brother. 他确实是这样,他兄弟也是如此。It was very cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。So it was. 的确如此。.准确判断主语的单、复数主谓一致主要考查考生对主语单、复数以及人称的理解和判断能力。 解答这类题目时,首先找出句子的真正主语,然后依据主谓一致的三原则做出选择。 主语后接 with, together with,but, except 等词时,谓语应于前面的名词保持一致。【 例 】

24、 A number of tourists Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.A. have been to B.has been toC. has gone to D. have gone to【 解析】 考查主谓一致及现在完成时的用法。 根据句中主语“ a number of 名词” 表示大量的,则谓语动词要用复数,且 have been to 表示去过某地（ 人已经回来了） ；have gone to 表示去了某地（ 人还没有回来） ,而根据句中 many times “ 许多次了”要用 have been t

25、o,故选 A。【 答案】 A【 例 】 A woman with two children along the street at the moment.A. is walking B. are walkingC. walk D. walks【 解析】 考查主谓一致。 句子的主语是 a woman,谓语动词用单数,结合 at the moment“此刻”,句子要用现在进行时,故选 A。【 答案】 A.熟记常见倒装句型中考对倒装句的考查主要涉及到以 so, neither 开头的倒装句,so 开头表示倒装和表示强调一直是考生的易错点。 熟记下面歌诀,能帮你准确解答此类问题。so 助 be 情加主

26、语，表示情况也这样。 neither 句首表否定，助be 情态直接跟。 它们都有一特点，两句主语不一样。 主语一致表强调，后面一定不倒装。 【 例 】 I dont like documentaries. .A. So do I B. So I doC. Neither do I D. Either do I【 解 析】 考 查 倒 装 句 用 法。 题 意： 我 不 喜 欢 记 录片。 我也不喜欢。 Neither do I I dont like documentaries,either. 故选 C。【 答案】 C【 例 】 Our class are going to have a pi

27、cnic tomorrow. If you dont go, .A. so do I B.neither do IC. neither will I【 解析】 考查倒装句。 因为空格前是否定句,所以后面的主句也应该是否定,故排除 A 项,if 引导的条件状语从句,主将从现。 故选 C。【 答案】 C 年江苏省中考真题演练. There still some apple juice in the fridge. Its not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.A. was B. wereC. is D. are. Now the num

28、ber of Chinese people working in Africa more than one million.A. is B. areC. was D. were. Why are you in such a hurry,John？There a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes.A. is going to be B. is going to haveC. will have D. will hold. Why are you late,Jim？Because there a lo

29、t of traffic when I came here.A. is B. areC. was D. were. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.A. travels B. traveledC. was traveling D. has traveled. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there a lot of useful on the websites.A. are；informations B. are；information

30、C. is；information D. is；informations. Linda, with her parents, the Wolf Hill,and they will be back this afternoon.A. has gone to B. have gone toC. has been to D. have been to中考真题演练. There many trees in front of my house now.A. is B. areC. was D. Were. Maths my favourite subject,what about you？Physic

31、s . I think its very interesting.A. is；is B. are；areC. are；is. Not only my friends but also I interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.A. be B. amC. is D. are. Neither he nor I from Canada. We are from Australia.A. is B. areC. am D. be. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meetin

32、g began.A. are B. isC. were D. was. Would you like to go to the amusement park？If Jack does, .A. I go,too. B. so will IC. neither will I D. so do I.Mary likes playing baseball very much. .A. So does Amy B. So Amy isC. So Amy does D.Neither does Amy.Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. . I have

33、to clean up my bedroom.A. So am I B. Neither am IC. Neither I am D. So I am. Its snowing so heavily！ I prefer stay at home and read a novel. . I hate going out on such a cold day.A. So I do. B. So do I.C. Neither do I. Our town has changed a lot, .A. so he has B. so has hisC. so is hers D. so has he

34、. Mike,you look so excited！Yeah！ There a tennis game played by Li Na thisevening.A. will have B. is going to beC. is going to have D. are going to be.Lily and I will go to the old peoples home this weekend. . Can I join you？A. So will I B. So I willC. So do I. David, there a dictionary and some book

35、s on your desk. Please put them away.A. is B. areC. have. Thanks to the organization, some money given to the poor children.A. was B. wereC. are. that pair of a little cheaper？A. Is；glass B. Are；glassC. Is；glasses D. Are；glasses. Judy with her brother computer games when her mother came back.A. were

36、 playing B. are playingC. was playing D. is playing. As a member of bus drivers,I am proud of Wu Bin. . He is a hero in my heart.A. So am I B. So do IC. So I am. In our hospital,the number of women doctors larger and larger.A. is B. areC. be D. been.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program

37、A Bite of China.I am also deeply moved by its stories！A. is B. amC. was D. are. A number of volunteers willing to teach in Chinas rural areas.Yes,the number is getting .A. is；bigger and bigger B. are；bigger and biggerC. is；more and more D. are more and more. Look！ some juice in the glass.A. There is

38、 B. There areC. There have D. There has. He, together with his parents going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you？Im afraid I have to stay at home .A. are；on my own B. is,by myselfC. is；by my own D. are；on myself. I have changed my job. A. So do I B. So have IC. So I do D. So I have. There still

39、 some milk in the fridge.Its not necessary to go to the store today.A. am B. isC. are D. be. Andys mother told her to pour the waste, .A. so she does B. so it isC. so did she D. and so she didA 组中考模拟基础训练题组. So far, the population of this city more than ,.A. are B. isC. have been D. has. There are fi

40、ve people in my family,and each of us a cellphone.A. have B. hasC. are D. is. It is reported that the number of teenagers smoking by .A. increase B. increasesC. have increased D. has increased. This gas works near the city.A. is B. areC. were D. be. The public generous （ 慷慨的） in their contributions

41、to the earthuake victims.A. is B. wasC. are D. has been. Our knowledge of computers growing all the time.A. be B. isC. are D. were. Early to bed and early to rise a man healthy,happy and wise.A. making B. to makeC. make D. makes. Ms Zhang with her students on the playground now.A. is playing B. are

42、playingC. plays D. play. I think maths one of the most important subjects.A. are B. isC. were D. was. More than one student in our class the Great Wall.A. visit B. visitsC. have visited D. has visitedB 组中考模拟提优训练题组. What the number of the students in your school？About two thousand. A number of them f

43、rom England.A. is；are B. is；isC. are；is D. are；are. Which would you like,tea or coffee？Either OK,but I prefer coffee milk.A. is；has B. are；withC. is；with D. are；has. I hear one third of the books in Nanchang Library new. Lets borrow some.A. is B. areC. was D. were. Good news！ There fewer people catc

44、hing this kind of illness now.A. are B. isC. was D. were. I dont think its good to drive eight hours without a rest.I agree. Eight hours really a very long time.A. has B. isC. are. There so many foreigners in the streets these days.They might be runners in the Yellow River Estuary（ 入海口,河口） Internati

45、onal Marathon.A. is B. areC. have D. will be. There some flowers on the teachers desk just now,but now there nothing on it.A. have；has B. were；wasC. were；is D. has；has.I hear Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. ,and .A. So he did,so did I B. So did he,so I didC. S

46、o he was,so was I D. So was he,so I was. Have you got some water to drink？Here you are. There still some in the bottle.A. are B. hasC. is D. have. Every student as well as some teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate before in the morning.A. are；are B. is；isC. are；is D. is；ar

47、e. There a lot of rain in this area in August every year.A. is B. wasC. are D. were. In our school library,there a number of books on science and the number of them growing larger and larger.A. is；are B. are；isC. have；is. My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. . Shall we go together？A. So

48、 am I B. So do IC. So I am D. So will I. There a big cake and many candies at the party yesterday.A. was B. wereC. is D. are. The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors smaller and smaller.A. become B. becameC. is becoming D. have become. Pass me one more pen,please. only one here now.

49、A. There are B. There isC. There be D. There were. How time flies！ Three years really a short time.A. is B. are C. was D. were. I have a Microblog（ 微博） . How about you？ . And lots of people have visited it.A. So do I B. So I doC. So am I D. So I am. Do you think well need a coffee pot？I dont drink coffee, and . Its not necessary. Why not a tea service？A. so do you B. neither you doC. so you do D. neither do you. There some milk,two eggs and a few apples on the tab