牛津译林新高二暑假虚拟语气专题讲解五讲与答案word

1、.虚拟语气#:第 11 页英语动词可有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使 语气和虚拟语气。1. 陈述语气：陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有 肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。My favorite sport is swimming.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a good boy he is!2. 祈使语气：表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告 等。Be careful!Dont forget to close the window.Lets go to the park this Sunday.3. 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是 一种假设、愿望、

2、建议、怀疑或推测。If I were you, I should study English harder.表假设I wish every family had a house of their own. 表愿望 The doctor advised that he should take exercise regularly.表建议It is surprising that he should be such a foolish man.他竟然这么愚蠢，真是令人吃惊！表感到意外He cant have arrived, for his car broke down on the way. 他

3、不可能已经到了，因为他的车坏在路上。推测第 1 讲用相应的过去时态表示“愿望考点 1. wish 之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气hope 后面跟宾语从句时，只能用陈述语气：I hope you will have a good trip there.wish 后面跟从句时只能用虚拟语气，表示“愿望， 与事实相反。本来是一般现在时的，要用成一般过 去时；本来是一般过去时的，要用成过去完成时。 I wish I remembered the address. I wish you had written to him. I wish you would stop asking silly questi

4、ons.If only the alarm clock had rung.要是闹钟响了就好了！表示现在的情况，应用过去式； 如果是过去的情况， 应用过去完成时态。if only 也可用于陈述语气。If only I had listened to your advice, things wouldnt have gone so wrong.5. 【2019 上海春】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice.A. followedB. would followC. had followed D. should follow1. 【 20

5、19 上 海 】 How I wish every family a6. If only Grandmother now.this together with uslarge house with a beautiful garden!A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had2. 【2019 北京】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldnt beD. wouldnt

6、have been3. I wish I you yesterday.A. sawB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see4. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. went考点 2. if onlyonly if 表示“只有; if only 那么表示“如果就好 了。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。A. will seeB. could seeC. must seeD. should

7、 see7. I would get it for you I could remember who last borrowed it.A. on condition thatB. except thatC. if onlyD. considering whether考点 3. Its high/about time thatIt is high/about time that 后 谓 语 用 过 去 式 或 “should动词原形should 不能省略表示“愿 望，含有抱怨或批评之意，意为“早就该做某事了。It is time that the government took action.

8、It is about time that the government took action.It is high time that the government took action.It is about high time that the government should takeaction.但 不 可 说 It is high time that the government take action.因为 should 不能省略。8. It is high time the child to the hospital.A. is sentB. would be sentC

9、. be sentD. was sent9. Isnt it about time that you to pick up the visitors from New York?A. goneB. should go表示与过去相反的愿望时用过去完成时。Id rather I hadnt said it.我真希望我没有这样说过。12. Shall we go to the movie tonight?C. goD. will goNo, Id rather at home with our baby.10. It is time that the government measures to p

10、rotect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking11. 【2019 辽宁】Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking.A. will do B. has done C. doD. did考点 4. would rather 后跟从句时would rather 后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用 虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来相反的愿望时，从句用一般 过去时。Id rather you came n

11、ext Saturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。Id rather she sat next to me.我宁愿她挨着我坐。Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayedB. you stayC. stayedD. stay13. Frankly, Id rather you anything about it for the time being.A. doB. dont doC. didnt doD. will not do14. 【 2019 江 苏 】 George is going to talk ab

12、out the geography of his country, but Id rather he more on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused写作专练 1. 用相应的过去时态来表达“愿望P. 错误！未定义书签。第 2 讲用虚拟条件句表“假设条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟 条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设

13、的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不 大可能发生的，那么是虚拟条件句。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。虚拟条件句分三种情况：与现在相反，与过去相反， 与将来相反。其从句和主句的谓语形式如下：时间if 条件句主句过去had donewould /should /could /might have done现在did werewould /should /could /might do将来should do were to

14、 do did werewould /should/could/might do注：would, should, could 与 might 的选择：1 一般常用 would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用 will 一样。常译作“将、就会。如：If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 假如我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。2 should 在虚拟条件句中用得最少，如今几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用 shall，所以在虚拟 语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用 should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：Ill go home.或

15、I will go home. 但很少人说 I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中，should 也很少用。3 could 用于虚拟条件句中时，有“可以，可能之意。如：If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.假如你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。4 might 用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 假如我当时在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来

16、。考点 1. 表示与现在事实相反If I knew German, I would read the book in the original.1. If it so hard, wed go to town.A. isnt rainingB. werent rainingC. doesnt rain D. has rain2. If there were no water in the world, everythingA. will dieB. would dieC. would have died D. would have been dead3. Were safer in a tra

17、in than we would be if we any other way.A. traveledB. had traveledC. travelD. have traveled4. Why dont you explain it to her?I it to her if I thought she would understand. A. would explainB. will explainA. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow12. 【 2009 天 津 】 This printer is of good quality. I

18、f it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. shouldC. couldD. might13. The volleyball match would be put off if it tomorrow.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained14. Supposing this ship , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passenger

19、s?A. was sinking B. has sunkC. were to sink D. sunk15. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Was he leaving B. If he is leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves16. 【2019 安徽】Grace doesnt want to move to NewC. explain D. would have explainedYork because she thinks if she there, she5. 【2019 湖南】Sorry,

20、 I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had hadC. haveD. had考点 2. 表示与过去事实相反You wouldnt have caught a cold if you had put onmore clothes.6. If I you，I to Australia with Mr. Smith.A. had been; would goB. were; had goneC. were; would have goneD. am; wi

21、ll go7. 【2019 湖南】If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should followC. had followedD. would follow8. 【2019 山东】If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt makeD. hadnt made9. 【2019 重庆】It rained cats and dogs

22、this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we .A. hadnt B. haventC. didntD. dont10. 【2019 江苏】I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought考点 3. 表示对将来发生情况的怀疑或实现的可能性 很小11. What would we do if it tomorrow?woul

23、dnt be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. has lived D. were to live考点 4. should 有“万一之意 在与现在相反的虚拟条件句中，从句谓语有三种形式，其中一种为“should+动词原形，主要是因为 should 有“万一之意，表示一件事听起 来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。if 条件从句谓语由 should 加动词原形构成时， 主句谓语有用虚拟语气的也有不用虚拟语气的。 Ask her to ring me up if you should see her.你万一见到她，

24、请让她给我打个电话。should 还 常 用 在 for fear that, in case 以 防 , lest以防等引导的状语从句中。17. He is working hard for fear that he to pass the exam.A. failsB. may failC. should fail D. would fail18. He doesnt dare to leave the house in case .A. he will recognizeB. he should be recognizedC. he is recognizedD. he recogniz

25、e19. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the way.A. breaks downC. would break downB. broke downD. should break down考点 5. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句却指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上 面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in hal

26、f an hour.过去将来; 错综时间虚拟条件句If they had started in the early morning, they would beA. Was he goingB. If he doesC. Were he to doD. If he is doing28. the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not forhere now.29.

27、any change about the date, please tell me过去现在; 错综时间虚拟条件句If they had started in the early morning, they would have arrived. 过去过去；不是错综时间虚拟条件句20. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen

28、B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall21. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have beenimmediately.A. Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should be30. The business is risky. But we would be rich.A. should we succeedB. we s

29、hould succeedC. might we succeedD. would we succeed考点 7. 用 was 还是用 were在当代英语中，尤其在口语中，单数主语常用was 代替虚拟式 were。如：I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年轻 10 岁。 在含义上，有时 was 发生的可能性大于 were。如：He looks as if he was ill. 他像是病了。22. 【 2019 北 京 】 If we a table earlier, we但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中，只couldn

30、t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. bookedC. bookD. had booked23. 【2019 天津】If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.A. will beB. would beC. has beenD. would have been考点 6. if 的省略虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可把 if 省略，而把 were, had, s

31、hould 放在主语前，用倒装 结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。如：Were it necessary, I might resign.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off thevisit to the Summer Palace.Were there to be a flood, what should we do?Had I left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.24. 【2019 浙江】 Had they known what was coming next

32、, they second thoughts.A. may haveB. could haveC. must have had D. might have had能用 were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我还年轻 10 岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。as it were“可以说，在某种程度上。英语解释为：as if it were really so。He is, as it w

33、ere, a walking dictionary.他可以说是一部活字典。He became, as it were, a man without a country.他在某种程度上成了一个无国籍的人。但在正式文体中仍须用 were。在考试中最好还是用were。考点 8. 根据主句谓语或从句谓语判断是否是 虚拟语气一般情况下，从句和主句要用陈述语气都用陈 述语气，要用虚拟语气都用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind if I opened the window?比较：Do you mind if I smoke?25. what was going to happen, I would

34、never我们可以利用这个规律来帮助我们做题。have left her alone.A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known26. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left27. the work, he would do it some other way.注意：should 用在条件从句中表示“万一时，主句 可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气。如： If he

35、should come tomorrow, I will/would ask him for help.31. 【 2019 全 国 】 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need32. Ill have to push the car to the side of the roadbecause we if we leave it here.A. would be fined B. will be finedC. will being f

36、ined D. will have been fined33. If he not ill, I invite him to our party.A. is; wouldB. were; wouldC. were; willD. was; would34. 【2019 新课标 I 】If we now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.A. hadnt actedB. havent actedC. dont actD. wont act写作专练 2. 虚拟条件句在写作中也很有用P. 错误！ 未定义书签。第 3 讲含蓄条件句有些

37、句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短 语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。 这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文之中otherwise 或 in that case或者用介词替代了常见的 介词有 with, without , but for。如：Given more time, we could have done it better. Without air we could not live on the earth.But for the storm we would have been there in time.考点 1. butC. wouldnt goD. hadnt

38、 gone考点 3. otherwise7. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise .A. I may have failed B. Id failC. Id have failed D. Ill have failed8. Where have you been?I got caught in traffic; otherwise sooner.A. I would be hereB. I have been hereC. I had been hereD. I would have been here9. 【2019 福建】We lost

39、our way in that small village,1. I you a more valuable present for yourotherwise we more places of interestbirthday，but I was short of money at that time.A. would buyB. had boughtC. would have bought D. must have bought2. 【 2019 福 建 】 Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.yesterday.A. vis

40、itedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited考点 4. orI interview.it, but I was busy preparing for a job10. He didnt come yesterday，or you him.A. would seeB. were to seeA. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended3. 【2019 安徽】I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I

41、was not available.A. wentB. had goneC. would goD. would have gone考点 2. without4. Without your help, I so much progress in my studies in such a short time.A. dont makeB. didnt makeC. will not have made D. would not have made5. 【2019 上 海 】 Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at ni

42、ght ,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly6. 【 2019 陕 西 】 I through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have goneB. didnt goC. might have seenD. had seen11. Sally cant have written to me, or the let

43、ter by now.A. Ill getB. Ill have gotC. Id have gotD. Id get考点 5. but for“要不是12. But for the leadership of our Party and Government，we these splendid results.A. have achievedB. wouldnt have achievedC. should have achieved D. would achieve13. 【2019 江西】 We Johns name on the race list yesterday but for

44、his recent injury.A. will put B. will have putC. would put D. would have put14. 【2009 福建】But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won考点 6. if it werent/hadnt been for“如果不是与现在相反，用 if it

45、werent for； 与过去相反， 用 if it hadnt been for。15. If it were not for the snowy weather, we all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be16. the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not for17. for the

46、traffic jam, I could have covered fifty miles.A. Had it beenB. Had it not beenC. It had not beenD. It not had been18. for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. It were not B. Had it not beenC. Werent itD. Had not it been考点 7. even if/even though 参看 P. 错误！未定义书 签。考点 319. Noth

47、ing could have saved him even if he without delay.A. would be tendedB. was tendedC. has been tendedD. had been tended20. He you more help，even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. need have given D. may give假定用作连词，引导条件状语从句，从句可用陈述 语气，也可用虚拟语气。例：Supposing / Supposethat the weathe

48、r were bad， where would you go？ 假如天气不好，你去什么地方？Supposing / Suppose that she doesnt come， what should we do？假如她不来我们该怎么办？注：providing / provided “倘假设；在的条件 下,用作连词，引导条件状语从句，但从句不用虚 拟语气。25. Supposing this ship , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?A. was sinking B. has sun

49、kC. were to sink D. sunk考点 10. 通过语义表达26. You come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. wouldB. should haveC. mayD. have27. Ten minutes earlier, they the plane.A. will catchB. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught28. Is the patient all right now?Yes. Who that such a serious illness coul

50、d be cured?A. had thoughtB. would have thoughtC. was thinking D. has thought29. 【2019 江苏】Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I for.21. Even if he problem.here, he could not solve theA. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wishedA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. ha

51、s been考点 8. as if/ as though参看 P. 错误！未定义书签。考点 222. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it .A. breaksB. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken23. 【2019 北京】Dont handle the vase as if it made of steel.考点 11. 注意辨别是虚拟语气还是陈述语气30. 【2019 全国 II 】If the weather had been better, we

52、could have had a picnic. But it all day.A. rained B. rainsC. has rained D. is raining31. Tom would buy that bicycle but he no money.A. had B. hasC. had had D. has had32. If it were not for the fact that you ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. should beA. isB. wereC.

53、has beenD. had been33. 【 2019 山 东 】 They two free tickets to24. 【1993 年高考】 The two strangers talked as if they friends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been考点 9. supposing/suppose此时，supposing 和 suppose 都是连词。“假如、Canada, otherwise theydnever have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get写作专练 3. 学会熟练使用含蓄条件句P. 错误！未定 义书签。第 4 讲用“should动词原形表示“建议或要求考点 1. 用动词及其派生词来表示“想让某人做某事在英语中，在表示命令、建议、要求等语气时， 常用“should动词原形，且 should 可以省略。这 几种情况，可以概括为“想让某人做某事。The doctor suggested that he should try to lose hisA. would b