定语从句 (6)

1、The Attributive Clause (I) 定语从句定语从句简单句简单句复合句复合句并列句并列句主从句主从句名从名从状从状从定从定从句子句子and, bothand, not onlybut also,neither nor, but, however, while, yet, for, so, or, eitheror, (主主,宾宾,表表,同位语同位语)限制性限制性非限制性非限制性He stood there. (S+V)He has a telescope. (S+V+O)The mountain is in the distance. (S+V+P)Mom gave him

2、a telescope. (S+V+Oi+Od)He uses the telescope to see the mountain. (S+V+O+ adv.)1) He was tired, so he went to bed. 2) The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog. 3) He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. 1._ the telescope, he can see the distant mountain clearly. 2. _he

3、wanted to see is the mountain in the distance. 3.His mother gave him a telescope _he could see the distant mountain clearly. 4.With the telescope _his mother gave him, he can see the distant mountain clearly. 5. _ the mountain was in the distance, he had to see it through the telescope _his mother g

4、ave.Withand/so(that/which)Because(that)ExerciseWhat(简单句)(复合句)(并列句)1. The teachers are present at our class are all experienced teachers.2. Our class is a big family consists of 37 girls and 23 boys.3. Li Aihua is the girl English is very good in our grade.4. The school we are studying is very famous

5、.5. we all know, our school is more than 100 years old.wherewhowhoseAswhich/that定语从句定语从句( 先行词先行词+关系词关系词)：1.判断判断含义含义结构结构限制性限制性限定修饰作用限定修饰作用,翻译为翻译为”的的”非限制非限制-补充说明补充说明,翻译为一个句子翻译为一个句子1)先行词先行词(名名,代代,句子句子) +关系词关系词2) “,”He used the telescope that his mother gave him to see the mountain clearly.the telescope

6、His mother gave him the telescope物物宾语宾语,物物2.找到先行词找到先行词3.还原法还原法4.确定关系词确定关系词(that/which)宾语宾语基础知识回顾基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义关系词及其意义指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, that, aswhich, that, aswhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归纳总结归纳总结做题技巧做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分Practice makes perfect先行

7、词在从句中作主语先行词在从句中作主语1. Those _cut down trees should be punished.2. The number of those _are homeless reaches as large as 250,000. / Those who are homeless are as many as 250,000.3. He _has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.4. This is a very useful plant _can be made into food in many diff

8、erent ways.5. The larger one of the two islands is the British Isles, _lie to the east of Ireland island.whowhowhothat/whichwhich先行词在从句中作宾语先行词在从句中作宾语1. My dictionary _my father bought in America has been stolen.2. The place _I have been to before changes a lot.3. This is the kid _I take care of.4. J

9、im is my foreign teacher, from _I have learned a lot.5. The way _he explained to us is very simple. which / thatwhich(whom)whom(that / which)先行词在从句中作状语先行词在从句中作状语1. I will never forget the day _I joined the Youth League.2. The reason _the was sad is that he lost the game.3. The situation _you are fac

10、ed is to make a decision right away.4. I have been to the point _I cant put up with him any longer.when / on whichwhywherewhere 先行词在从句中作定语先行词在从句中作定语1.The book _ cover is blue is my favorite one.2.Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade will be held from August 12th to August 22th in 2011, _ emblem(会徽) is “

11、Happy U” .3.in 2011, the emblem of _ is “Happy U”.whosewhosewhichCorrect mistakes: 1.I saw some trees leaves of which were black with disease.2.Here is the pen you lost it yesterday.3. He is the only one of the students who know French.4. Ill never forget the day on which I spent with you.5. This is

12、 the teacher with whom weve learnt a lot.knowsfrom(一一) 定语从句关系词的选择原则定语从句关系词的选择原则1. 关系代词和关系副词的辨别：关系代词和关系副词的辨别： 当先行词是当先行词是 reason 或表时间，地点的词时，或表时间，地点的词时，判断是用关系代词还是关系副词，先看从句中判断是用关系代词还是关系副词，先看从句中缺少的成分：缺少的成分： 从句中缺少主语或宾语时用关系从句中缺少主语或宾语时用关系代词代词 which/ that; 从句中不缺少主语或宾语时用从句中不缺少主语或宾语时用 where, when, why 引导。引导。 D

13、o you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? (05北京春北京春, 26) A. where B. when C. that D. what 【解析】先行词虽然是【解析】先行词虽然是chicken farm, 但定语从但定语从句中句中 visited 是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以须是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以须选择可作宾语的关系代词选择可作宾语的关系代词 _。 Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both

14、museums now. (09上海上海, 34) A. where B. when C. there D. which【解析】先行词为地点名词短语，定语从句【解析】先行词为地点名词短语，定语从句 he composed “The Magic Flute” 中中 主主-谓谓-宾宾 齐齐全，所以选择全，所以选择 _. I still remember the days _ we spent in the summer camp two years ago. A. which B. when C. what D. where【解析】先行词为【解析】先行词为the days, 但从句中的但从句中的s

15、pent为为及物动词，缺少宾语，所在不选及物动词，缺少宾语，所在不选 B, 答案为答案为_。 Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏江苏, 23) A. if B. when C. which D. since 【解析】本题先行词为【解析】本题先行词为days，从句，从句 local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan 中主，宾不缺，中主，宾不缺，所以选择所以选择 _。 2. where

16、引导的定语从句是近年来高考的热点，引导的定语从句是近年来高考的热点，where 不仅能指具体的地点，也可以指抽象的不仅能指具体的地点，也可以指抽象的场合或情境。场合或情境。 A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (11浙江浙江, 10) A. when B. that C. where D. there 【解析】定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行【解析】定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词为词为 place 表地点，故选答

17、案表地点，故选答案 _。 Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (09重庆重庆, 34) A. why B. what C. that D. where【解析】本题从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行【解析】本题从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词词 a long race 表示抽象的场合，故答案为表示抽象的场合，故答案为_.【小窍门】在确定定语从句须用关系副词引导【小窍门】在确定定语从句须用关系副词引导时，只要前面的先行词不是时，只要前面的先行词不是 reason 或不表示或不表示时间，就选择时间

18、，就选择 where。 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumers complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (08江西江西, 35) A. where B. when C. who D. which 【解析】从句中不缺少主语和宾语，前面没有【解析】从句中不缺少主语和宾语，前面没有出现时间名词和出现时间名词和 reason, 答案为答案为_。(二二) 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 除除 that 不可用于非限制定语从句外，其它所不可用于非

19、限制定语从句外，其它所有的关系词都可用于非限制性定语从句。有的关系词都可用于非限制性定语从句。 As a child , Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (10全国全国I, 24) A. which B. where C. what D. that 【解析】定语从句位于逗号后为非限制性定语【解析】定语从句位于逗号后为非限制性定语从句，可先排除从句，可先排除 D 和和 C，从句中缺主语，选，从句中缺主语，选择择_。【特别提示】在逗号后的定语从句中同学们可【特别提示】在逗号后的定语从句中同学们可

20、以先把以先把 that/ what 选项去掉，在剩下的两个选选项去掉，在剩下的两个选项中选择正确的答案。项中选择正确的答案。 The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. (08江苏江苏, 24) A. which B. what C. that D. where2. which 引导非限制性定语从句时，既可指前引导非限制性定语从句时，既可指前面的先行词，也可指前面的整个句子面的先行词，也可指前面的整个句子(无具体无具体先行词先行词

21、)。 Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. (08浙江浙江, 8) A. whom B. where C. that D. which【解析】答案为【解析】答案为_，指前面的，指前面的car, 作从句为作从句为主主 bought 的宾语。的宾语。 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. (11北京北京, 26) A. who B. whichC. what D. that

22、【解析】先排除【解析】先排除 C 和和 D, 定语从句没有具体的定语从句没有具体的先行词，而是前面的句子所讲的事让其他人先行词，而是前面的句子所讲的事让其他人难过。难过。3. as 引导非限制性定语从句置于主句之后时，引导非限制性定语从句置于主句之后时， 可与可与 which 互换互换 (两者同时出现时须首选两者同时出现时须首选 which)，但是置于句首时，只能用，但是置于句首时，只能用as 引导。引导。 The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it

23、 running, _ meant spending tens of thousand of pounds. (06江苏江苏, 29) A. who B. that C. as D. which _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (04江苏江苏, 33) A. Which B. When C. What D. As 【解析】答案为【解析】答案为 _。从句位于句首，缺少。从句位于句首，缺少主语，只用关系代词主语，只用关系代词 _。【注】【注】as 为关系代词，在定语从句中须充当主为关系代词，在定语从句中须充当

24、主语或宾语。语或宾语。D(三三) “介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词” 引导的的定语从句引导的的定语从句1. 可用于可用于 “介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词” 引导定语从句的引导定语从句的关系代词不可用关系代词不可用 that, 指人须用指人须用 whom, 指事物指事物则须用则须用 which。 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. (06湖南湖南, 30) A. to which B. to who

25、m C. with whom D. with which2. 高考对这类定语从句的考查难点在于介词的高考对这类定语从句的考查难点在于介词的确定。介词的确定可根据：确定。介词的确定可根据： 从句谓语动词的搭配而定从句谓语动词的搭配而定 Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西陕西, 11) A .of which B. with which C. about which D. into which【解析】本题答案为【解析】本题答案为_，介词根据从句谓语，介词根据从句谓语argued 可构成可构成

26、 argue about sth/ with sb 而得而得出答案。出答案。 先行词的固定搭配而定先行词的固定搭配而定 We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (08上海上海, 38) A. what B. whose C. in which D. with which【解析】本题从句语意完整，介词须根据先行【解析】本题从句语意完整，介词须根据先行词词 a period 来定，通常构成来定，通常构成 in the period, 所所以答案是以答案是 _。 根据语境确定介

27、词根据语境确定介词 She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (06陕西陕西, 8) A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 【解析】本题从句语意完整，根据主从句的关【解析】本题从句语意完整，根据主从句的关系可知是在系可知是在“北京大学受过教育之后北京大学受过教育之后” 她去她去了国外深造。因此答案是了国外深造。因此答案是 _。3. “of + which/ whom” 引导定语从句时，引

28、导定语从句时，of 具具有独立意义，有独立意义，“其中其中” 的意思，表示整体与的意思，表示整体与部分关系，其前常用表数量的部分关系，其前常用表数量的 some, all, both, either, most, 20, 20%, the first 等。等。 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (08湖南湖南, 31) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of tha

29、t 【解析】可先排除选项【解析】可先排除选项 C 和和 D, 再根据逗号不再根据逗号不连接句子排除连接句子排除 _, 所以答案是所以答案是 _。 For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. (08四川四川, 4) A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 【解析】答案为【解析】答案为 _。本题语意：对世界上的。本题语意：对世界上的许多城市来说，都没有向外进一步发展的空许多城市来说，都没有向外进一步发展的空间，其中纽约就是一个例子。间，其中纽约就是一个例子。【小窍门】只要前面主句中出现了表示数量的【小窍门】只要前面主句中出现了表示数量的词语如词语如 many, 5, 3 months, millions of , 则定则定语从句中必然会出现语从句中必然会出现 of + which/ whom 的的结构，可节省时间。结构，可节省时间。 It is reported th