福建高职专升本英语考试考前辅导资料

1、福建高职专升本英语考试考Vocabulary & Structure词汇的考查重点1）动词，名词与介词的搭配如：popularpatientwith；yieldsolutionadapttransferaccessto；accuserequireof；chargefor；underdiscussion等等。2）习惯用法：confess toset aboutbe used todoing；be supposed tohavemake sbdo等。3）由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。4）单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。5）介

2、词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，nonenothingbut等词在考题中的出现。福建专升本考试中的重点语法项1.虚拟语气* 2.非谓语动词* 3.状语从句*4.定语从句* 5.名词性从句* 6.特殊句式*7.强调结构*8.倒装* 9.比较用法* 10.时态*11.被动语态*12.情态动词*13.省略* 14.主谓一致*I. 虚拟语气I. 虚拟语气在条件句中的运用(1) 一般结构:If I were free today, I would go s

3、hopping with you. （现在）If I had been free yesterday, I would have gone shopping with you.（过去）If I were to be free tomorrow, I might go shopping with you.（将来）(2)混合时间条件句If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldnt be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时）If I were you, I would hav

4、e gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadnt got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)；(3)含蓄条件句 I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); (4) Were, had, sho

5、uld, could 等放在主语之前如果条件句中含有were, had, should, could，有时可以省掉if，而把谓语中的were, had, should, could等放在主语前面。Were you in my position, what would you do?Had I time, I would come to see you.Would time allow, I should like to tell you the whole thing.(5)介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件But for your hel

6、p, we could not have succeeded in our experiment.没有你们的帮助，我们的实验时不可能成功的。Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.没有电就不会有现代工业。(6) Were it not for/Had it not been for+宾语或But that+从句表示假设条件Were it not for your help, I couldnt have succeeded.Had it not been for your help, Id never have been a

7、ble to succeed. But that he saw it (=If he had not seen it), he could not have believed it. II.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用表建议：advice, suggest, recommend, propose, hint 表要求：request, require, ask, urge表命令：order, demand, direct, command其它： insistIII. 上述动词的名词带起的同位语从句或表语从句IV. 两种类型的主语从句其结构通常为It is/was + 形容词或过去分词+主语从句（用

8、虚拟语气） 1. 表语是上述动词的过去分词。这相当于把宾语从句倒过来作主语从句.2. 表语是上述动词的同根形容词，常见的有advisable, desirable和demanding3. 表语是一些表示情态的形容词，表面上与那些动词无关，但实际表达的是一种意愿。如：It is essential that we should take immediate actions. 下面列出一些常用的，供大家参考：appropriate（合适的）, compulsory（强制的）, crucial(紧要的)，desirable（理想的）, essential（必要的）, imperative (迫切的)

9、, important（重要的）, natural(自然的), obligatory (必须履行的)， preferable（更好的）, proper（合适的）, improper (不合适的), strange（奇怪的）urgent（紧迫的）, vital（至关重要的）等。V.几个特殊的虚拟语气句型1. it be () time that 表示到的时间了“It is high time that you went to bed.2. would rather/sooner that , 我宁可 Id rather that we had no English exams.3. 在正式用法中

10、，由lest/for fear that/in case引导的从句中，要用should（可省略）+动词原形的结构。They took their guns with them lest they should run into animals.近年考试中的虚拟语气试题1. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _ to investigate the incident.A) was set up B) were set up C) set up D) be set up2. Things mi

11、ght have been much worse if the mother _ on right to keep the baby. A) had insisted B) has been insisting C) insisted D) would insist3. Who would you rather _ with you, George or me? A) going B) to go C) have gone D) went4. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he _by then. A)

12、 would have arrivedB) must have arrived C) should arrive D) would arrive5. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they _ by wild animals. A) should be attacked B) had been attacked C) must be attacked D) would be attacked6. If I _ harder at school, I would be sitting in a co

13、mfortable office now. (A) worked B) were to work C) had worked D) were working7. _ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.(A) But for B) In case of C) In spite of D) Because of8.The police man declared that the blow _ on the victims head from behind. A) must have been made B)

14、 would have been madeC) ought to have been made D) should have been madeII. 非谓语动词非谓语动词既是四级考试的重点也是难点，在每年的考试中都占有相当大的比例。其中最为重要的是分词作状语和独立主格结构。非谓语动词有动词不定式to do, 动名词doing和分词三种形式，分词包括现在分词doing和过去分词done, 非谓语动词在句子中不能作谓语。但都保持动词的性质，有时态和语态的变化，有自己的宾语和状语等。非谓语动词还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以在句子中做主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语.The two buil

15、dings being repaired now are the students dormitories. (现在进行时表示动作正在发生，被动语态表示被动)The two buildings repaired during the summer vacation are the students dormitories. (过去分词作定语，表示动作完成)The two buildings to be repaired are the students dormitories. (不定式表示动作未发生，将发生)非谓语动词的否定形式和物主代词的用法Not knowing what to do n

16、ext, he asked me for help. (分词作状语的否定形式)I regret not telling her the news earlier. (动名词作宾语的否定形式)I dont mind your being late. (动名词作宾语的物主形式)I persuade him not to stay there too long. (不定式作补语的否定形式)不定式和动名词的区别在英语中不同的动词要求后边的宾语形式不同。有些动词要求动名词作宾语，有些动词要求不定式作宾语，还有些动词既可以用动名词又可以用不定式作宾语，但所表达的意思却不同。所以大家要记住这些特殊的动词。要

17、求不定式作宾语的动词有：expect, urge, intend, persuade, prefer, cause, encourage, tell, ask, make, let要求动名词作宾语的动词有：mind, quit, resent, mention, appreciate, postpone, consider, enjoy, deserve, delay, avoid, escape, deny, resist, admit, fancy, give up, cannot but, need, want，feel like下列动词既可以用动名词又可以用不定式作宾语remember

18、, forget, regret, 后接不定式表示动作尚未发生；接动名词表示动作已经发生。like, hate, love 后接不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作；接动名词表示习惯性或抽象性动作。mean 后接不定式表示打算去做一件事；接动名词表示意思是什么。几种特殊的句型1. It is no use arguing with her about the matter.2. But + (to)do: 介词前动词若是实义动词do，省略to; 若不是实义动词do，则不能省略to。 He said nothing but to cry. He did nothing but cry.3. 分词的固定

19、搭配词组：judging from, generally speaking, considering, takinginto consideration, compared to (with)分词作状语过去分词和现在分词（包括一些形容词）短语皆能作状语，其作用相当于状语从句，只不过是何种状语从句要根据句子的内容而确定。如：Having (=As/Because I had ) no money, I borrowed some from John.（表原因）Walking (=When I was walking) along the bank, I met a friend. (表时间)Tu

20、rning (= If you turn) to the right, you will see the shop. (表条件 )注意有时分词状语的前面可以加连词。如：Although defeated (=Although he has been defeated) many times, he still challenges me.When cursed (=When she was cursed) by the witch, the princess felt very weak 独立主格结构独立主格结构是带有逻辑主语的分词短语，它有以下几种形式：主语分词Time permitting

21、, we will go out this weekend.The report having been read， a lively discussion began. With + 逻辑主语+分词(形容词、副词或介词短语等)The old man came in with a book under his arm.They went home with the lights on.要注意区分分词作状语与独立主格结构，前者的逻辑主语是与句子的主语是一致的，而后者有自己的主语，即分词的前面有名词或代词，否则句子的意义就不通。如：*Getting dark, I left in a hurry.

22、这是个错句。正确的形式是在分词前加上它的主语it. 近年试题中的非谓语动词1. He wasnt appointed chairman of the committee, _ not very popular with all its members. A) to be considered B) considering C) being considered D) having considered2. Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do. A) being told B) tellin

23、g C) to be told D) to tell3. What a lovely party! Its worth _ all my life. A) remembering B) to rememberC) to be remembered D) being remembered 4. We left the meeting, there obviously _ no point in staying. A) were B) being C) to be D) having5. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely

24、 _ to the outside world. A) having been lost B) to be lose C) losing D) lost 6. Professor Wang, _ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.A) knowing B) known C) to be known D) having knownIII. 状语从句状语从句与连词有密切的关系，请结合连词部分进行复习。重中之重是as作虽然时候的用法，要把修饰语提前到从句开头，但主谓并不倒装。如：Old as she w

25、as, she was quiet energetic.1时间状语从句1) 常见关联词有 when, whenever, while, as, before, after 等。2) 表示一就的连词：once, as soon as, hardly /scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly3) 其他表示时间的短语还有：every time, next time, the day 等。2原因状语从句1) 通常由because, as ,sin

26、ce引导, 三者区别：because 语气最强，重在交待原因，以why引导的疑问句只能用because来回答；其前可用only, just等词强调；可用在 It isthat强调句型中。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. as 一词语气最弱，表示明显的原因。如：As she was in a hurry, she left her key in the car. since 表示人们已知的事实，所以常译成既然。如：Since everyone is here, lets get started.

27、另外，for属并列连词，不能位于句首，是对前一分句加以解释或说明。如：It must have rained last night, for the yard is wet.2）与since相近，seeing that, now that, considering that, given that 都有鉴于某个事实、考虑到的意思，此外，in that， not thatbut that，on the grounds that 均可表示原因。3目的状语从句引导词有 so that, in order that, ( 从句中常有情态助动词 may/might, shall/should, will

28、/would, can/could)，in case, for fear that, lest (从句中常有should, might等助动词)，for the purpose that 等。4条件状语从句分为真实和非真实两种。（非真实条件状语从句详见虚拟语气部分）引导词有if, unless, as/so long as, once, in case, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing that, on condition that5让步状语从句引导词有：though, although, as, even though, even if

29、, wh-ever (no matter how/what/who)，while (while位于句首，一般意为尽管) 如：While we dont agree，we continue to be friends. 近年试题中的状语从句1. I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived _ Susan caught up with me. A) though B) until C) when D) while2. The fire was finally brought under control, but not _ ext

30、ensive damage had been caused. (A) after B) before C) since D) as3. We hadnt met for 20 years, but I recognized her _ I saw her. (A) for the moment B) the moment when (C) at the moment when D) the moment4. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ alone. A) seen B) is seen

31、C) to be seen D) having been seen5._much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function of sleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A) Because B) For C) Since D) While6. Dont let the child play with scissors_ he cuts himself. A) in case B) so that C) n

32、ow that D) only if7. _the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything.A) As far as B) As long as C) As well as D) As soonIV. 定语从句主要考点是关系代词，尤其是that, as, 介词+which的用法。1.在下列情形下只能用that，而不能用which1.当先行词为all ,few,little,many,much,everyth

33、ing ,something,anything,none等不定代词时,关系代词一般用that 而不用which/who This is all thatIcan find Nowadays there are few people that would like to do a thing without pay2.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that ,而不用whichwho This is the best dish thatIhave ever tasted3.当先行词有表示序数的词如first, second, next ,last等修饰时,关系代词用that,而不用whi

34、chwho This is the last room that we have4.当先行词被the only , the every, the same ,the right等限定词修饰时,关系代词一般用that,而不用whichwho He is the very man thatIm looking for It is the only book that he left when he died5.当先行词既有人又有物时?关系代词只能用that, 而不能用whichwho They said they had received the men and equipment that th

35、ey needed6.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时, 定语从句关系代词一般用that ，而不用which，以避免重复。 Which of the songs that she sang just now is your favourite? 2. that, which 和as 非限定性定语从句中的先行词在从句中作主语指人、指物或主句所指代的一个意义时，引导词不能用that，而只能用which或 as。而后两者的区别是which引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句中和句末，却不能置于句首，as引导的从句既可放在句中、句末，也可置于句首。He once helped a woman, whic

36、h (as) was reported in the newspaper.The dog, which (as) is black, is running toward the strange man.As is known, the director of the company is going to come to our branch to have an inspection of the production here. 3. which和whom在从句中作介词的宾语介词一般放在二者之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在二者之前。

37、(正)Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. (正)Please tell me whom you borrow the English novel from.(正)This is the magazine (that) you are looking for.(误)This is the magazine for which you are looking.4. 介词which的结构可代替定语从句中的引导词when和where。 He was born in Germany where (in which) he st

38、ayed for 12 years. She arrived at 12 oclock when (at which) it was raining hard.5. but, than也可作关系代词You spent more money than was intended to be spent.There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。 but = who dont近年试题中的定语从句1. Beer is the most popular drink among drinkers,_ overall consumption

39、 is significant.(A) whose B) which C) that D) what 2. Agriculture was a step in human progress _ which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age. A) to B) in C) for D) from 3. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most letters are the main s

40、ituations _ formal language is used. (A) in which B) on which C) in that D) at what4.The residents, _ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. A) all of their homes B) all their homes C) whose all homes D) all of whose homes5. These people once had fame and fortune; now _ is l

41、eft to them is utter poverty. A) all that B) all what C) all which D) that all 6. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, _which only fourteen are recognized as official. A) With B) within C) in D) ofV. 名词性从句名词性从句考的最多的是what与that的区别,名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，多由连词that，wh- 疑问词或由what，wha

42、tever 等关系代词引导，其中同位语从句在四级考试中最常见1. 主语从句1) 主语从句在句子中充当主语，句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Why he refused to work with you is still mystery.2) 主语从句前的that不能省略，仅起连接作用，有时为了保持句子平衡，that从句后置，而由it作形式主语。如：That he became a lawyer may have been due to his mothers influence.It is not true that he has moved to New York.2表语从句当从句放在be

43、, look, remain, seem等系动词后即构成表语从句。The trouble is that I have lost his address.It seemed that the night would never end.3. 同位语从句1) 同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释，能接同位语从句的常见名词有: idea, fact, news, belief, hope, evidence, opinion, problem, truth, answer, proposal, theory, decision, discovery, problem, thought,

44、understanding 等。2) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：定语从句是对先行词加以修饰、限制，而同位语从句是说明名词中心词的具体内容；that在定语从句中充当成分，为关系代词，而在同位语从句中不做任何成分,仅起连词作用。如：The fact that we talked about is very important. (定语从句)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.( 同位语从句)4. whether与if 在名词性从句中的用法区别if一般只用于引导宾语从句，而 whether可引导包括宾语从

45、句在内的其他名词从句。1) 连词whether引导的主语从句，表语从句不能用if来替换。Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.The question is whether he will come.2) 宾语从句中，whether常与or not搭配，可以说whether or not，而不说if or not。I dont care whether or not she will attend the meeting.3) whether可用在介词后，或带to的不定式前，if则不可。She doesnt know whether t

46、o get married now or wait.I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.4) 某些动词后面(如discuss)只能用whether ，不用if。We discussed whether we should go on climbing.近年试题中的名词性从句：1. We agreed to accept _ they thought was the best tourist guide. A) whichever B) whoever C) whatever D) whomever2. The mo

47、ther didnt know who _ for the broken glass. A) blamed B) to blame C) be blamed D) would blame3. How is it _ your roommates request and yours are identical? A) if B) so C) what D) that4. They always give the vacant seats to _ comes first.A) whoever B) whomever C) who D) whom VI. 特殊句式特殊句式往往含有特殊的含义，它们既

48、是词汇语法中的考查点，也是阅读理解、完型填空和翻译试题中的考查点、难点。这里我们对四级试题中常出现的固定句式进行归纳并详细讲解它们的用法。1、rather than 而不是；与其不如rather than连词，用以连接同类词语，以表示“(是) 而不是”，“与其不如”，着重客观上的差别。Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _ harm them. A) more than B) other than C) rather than D) better than四个选项意思分别为A) more than超出，多于；B)

49、other than不同于；除了；C) rather than而不是；D) better than优于，答案C) （注意要点：rather than后为否定的成分，即不是。）He lay rather than sat in his chair与其说他是坐在椅子里，不如说是躺在椅子里。The freckles over her nose were an added attraction rather than otherwise.她鼻子上的雀斑不但无损容貌，反而使她更加娇媚动人。ratherthan 宁可而不,宁愿，表示主观上的抉择。I would rather have a room of

50、my own, however small it is, than share a room with someone else. 题意：我宁愿有个自己的房间，不管多小，也不愿与人共住一室。rather than 用于prefer + 不定式后面时，应接一个不带to的不定式，即动词原型。He would prefer to live in a small village rather than live in a big city. 他愿意住在小村庄里而不愿住在大城市里。Rather than John do it, I would prefer to do the job myself.与其

51、让约翰干这件事，我宁肯自己动手。2. more A than B 与其说是B, 倒不如说是A。The children are more frightened than hurt. 这孩子与其说是受伤，倒不如说是受到惊吓。(注意要点：more 后的成分为是的东西，than 的意思像当于not。) 3. more than1) 超出，超过的The little man was _ one meter fifty high. A) almost more than B) hardly more than C) nearly more than D) as much as答案B) 题意：这个矮个子身

52、高不到一米五。2) (口语)十分，非常，极其句型：more than happy / glad / willing etc. to do sth 非常愿意做某事I am more than pleased .我是十二分高兴。 4.do more than +不带to的不定式In the course of day students do far more than just _ classes.A) attend B) attended C) to attend D) attending 答案A）题意：在这一天里，学生所做的远不止只是听课。解析：than引出的是比较状语从句，从句的结构应与前面

53、的主句相符，所以A是答案。 5. none other than 不是别的，正是, 原来是Its none other than Jones. 不是别人，正是琼斯。 6. no other than 1) 同none other than，但更强调物。Its no other than my best friend Smith. 正是我的好朋友史密斯。2)（加强语气用）只有；除外没有The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender. 被打败的敌人只得投降。7 .other things being equal 如果其它条件情形都一样_

54、 , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equalC) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal答案A）8. nothing more than (=only) 不强于，与一模一样Changing fashions are not

55、hing more than the intentional creation of waste. 不断变化的时装无异于蓄意制造浪费。9. none but (= only) 只有When he arrived, he found _ the aged and the sick at home. A) none but B) none other than C) nothing but D) no other than题意：他到家时，发现家里只有老人和病人。 答案A）（注意要点：none but 和nothing but都表示除之外、没有，或只有的意思，none but通常后接人，而nothing but 后接物。）10. other than 1）除了There is