必修4unit1主谓一致

1、语法详解：语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间语动词之间, ,即主语的人称和即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。应的形式。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers

2、.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式形式上一致，即谓语动词的

3、单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定。主语为单数依主语的单复数形式而定。主语为单数时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时谓语时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时谓语动词也用复数。动词也用复数。1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候者代词作主语的时候, 谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种情况：两种情况： (1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候事物的时候, 谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。 He and I _ both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。 are

4、The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。演。 The knife and fork _ on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同同 一个人或物一个人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候, 谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。 2. 如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式, 动词动词ing形式或主形式或主语从句的时候语从句的时候, 谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。What

5、he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。3. 定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.4. with, along with, t

6、ogether with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用主语连用, 谓语动词的数随主语的变化谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：而变化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。的学生们正在街道上植树。邻近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数与邻近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数与它它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。最

7、邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主在句子中连接主语的时候或者在语的时候或者在there be句型中句型中, 谓语谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。动词要和就近的主语保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.1One or

8、 two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam DbeExercises:3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking

9、forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been D. have been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming B. are coming Chas come D. have come11. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has of

10、fered C. are offered D. have offered12. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already

11、 Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义但在意义上却是单数。

12、上却是单数。1. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语, 谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _ rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _ rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语, 谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。 are isNone of the money _ left. 没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there

13、. 没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。 is is2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主在句子中加名词作主语的时候语的时候, 谓语动词与谓语动词与of后面后面的名词保持一致。的名词保持一致。Half of the students _ finished theircomposition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _ bad. 一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of th

14、e students in ourschool _ boys. 我们学校我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男大约百分之六十的学生是男生。生。haveisare3. 集合名词作主语集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _ going out.

15、His family _ all music lovers. 集合名词作主语集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数动词可用单数, 也可以也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词这一类常见的集合名词有有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。is are 4. 某些名词如某些名词如people, police, cattle等等, 形形式上是单数式上是单数, 但意义上是复数但意义上是复数,

16、 谓语动谓语动词应用复数。词应用复数。people指指“民族民族”时是时是例外。例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数，如单数，如someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for

17、 you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。6. 某些名词如某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等等, 通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式, 但但当它们被当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时, 谓语动词谓语动词用单数。如用单数。如: The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。 某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths, politics, p

18、hysics, news, plastics等等, 谓语动词应用谓语动词应用单数单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学物理是一门很有趣的学科。科。 8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短在以上短 语中语中and连接的单数名词连接的单数名词, 整个短语整个短语 在句中作主语时在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用谓语动词常使用单单数。数。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and

19、every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。9. 以以a number of作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词谓语动词用用复数复数; 以以the number of 作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些

20、名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作作主语的时候主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决其谓语动词由上下文决定定, 这一类名词有这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语谓语用单数。用单数。 Many a

21、boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡量衡等的复数名词作主语时等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语谓语动词常用单数。动词常用单数。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书这种书) , 其谓语用其谓语用单数单数; 短语短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind o

22、f men (口语口语) (这一类人这一类人), 但但this kind of men 的谓语用的谓语用单数单数, men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的谓语的谓语用用复数复数, all kinds of 后跟后跟复数复数名词名词, 谓谓语用复数形式。例如：语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题: This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中, 谓语动词的谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如数应与其后的主语一致。例如:

23、 Between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语以构成的短语以及由及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词后面的名词的数保持一致的数保持一致, 这是因为短语中后面这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词的名词是中心词, 而短语中前面的量而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如词是修饰语。例如

24、:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数名词复数”。但是。但是,“the number of + 名名词词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试比较：。试比较：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help

25、 with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意注意:a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数修饰可数或不可数名词名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词, 其其短语作主语时短语作主语时, 谓语动词一般用谓语动词一般用复数复数。例如例如:Quantities of food (nuts) wer

26、e on the table.短语短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为意为 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意为意为“少少量量”。 4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修修饰饰不可数名词不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语谓语动词通常用动词通常用单数单数; large amounts of 修修饰饰不可数名词不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语谓语动词通常用动词通常用复数复数。例如。例如:A large amount of (A great deal of) da

27、mage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.5. 表示数量的表示数量的one and a half 后后, 名名词要用词要用复数复数形式形式, 但是其短语作但是其短语作主语时主语时, 谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数形式。形式。例如：例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.6. 如果主语由如果主语由“the + 形容词形容词(或过去分或过去分词词)”结构担任时结构担任时, 谓语通常用谓语通常用复数复数;这这类词有类词有:

28、the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等等; 但也有少数的过去但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。则用单数。例如：例如：The blind study in special school.The departed (死者死者) was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就就要与名词要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连或表示人的单数连用。例如用。