新概念第一册语法总结

1、新概念第一册语法总结作者:日期:概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借 鉴。首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析：本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态, 这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。Lesson 3134现在进行时Lesson 3740第一次出现 be going toLesson 5156一般现在时Lesson 6776为一般过去式Lesson 8390为现在完成时Lesson 9196为一般将来时(will)的将来时Lesson 117118 过去进行时Les

2、son 119120 过去完成时除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里 面。Lesson1 2语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardo n? Thank youvery much.语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定答复。Is this your han dbag? Yes, it is.Less on 5 6语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss

3、 Sophie Dup ont. Nice to meet you.语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is Frenc h. He is German. It ' s aVolvo.(L6)a/an 的使用。Less on 7 8语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French?What nationality are you? What ' s your job?特殊疑问句。Lesson 9 10语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。介词短语表示位置n ea

4、r the win dow, on the televi on, on the wallLesson 29 30语言点：如何发号命令。语法点：祈使句(肯定)。动词与宾语的固定搭配。Lesson 37 38语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。There be句型的一般疑问句形式。Lesson 41-42语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量。Lesson 63-64语言点：建议忠告。语法点： don' t do .You mustn ' t do Lesson 65-66语法点：具体时间表示法半点和刻钟。反身代词。具体日期

5、表达方式。Lesson 73-74语言点：问路。语法点：不规那么动词的过去式。形容词转变成副词。Lesson 77-78语言点：看病。语法点：综合时间表达方式。Lesson 105-106语言点：办公室用语。语法点：want sb to do ./ tell sb to do以及其否认形式。Lesson 103-104语言点：考试。语法点：宾语从句。从句局部为非现在时态程度畐 U词 too, very ,eno ughLesson 125-126语言点：/语法点： have to do / don ' t need to do Lesson 127-128语言点：娱乐界。语法点：mus

6、t/can ' t对现在事情的肯定/否认猜想。Lesson 129-130语言点：交通状况。语法点：must/can ' t have been.对过去事情的肯定 /否认猜想。以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：现在完成时：Lesson 83 90直接引语变成间接引语：Lesson 99 102形容词的比拟级和最高级：Less on 107 112neither ,so的用法：Lesson 113 114不定代词的用法：Lesson 115 116过去进行和过去完成时：Lesson 117 120定语从句：Lesson 121124情态动词的综合用法：Lesson 125 132直接引

7、语变间接引语：Lesson 133 136 着重讲时态的倒推if 的用法：Lesson 137140被动语态：Lesson 141144英语中的时态一共有八种，它们是：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时。今天我们所要讲的就是第一种：一般现在时一一表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。1、含有be动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are stude nts.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very b

8、eautiful?Are Tim and Jack stude nts?The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not stude nts.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, he is. / No, he is not.Yes, she is. / No, she is not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.2、不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子。(1)第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones变疑问句在句首加 does,动

9、词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bon es?变否认句在主语及动词之间加does n't,化。He does n't like books.动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变She does n't like him.The dog does n't like bones.肯定答复及否认答复:Yes, he does. / No, he does n't.Yes, she does. / No, she does n'tYes, it does. /

10、No, it does n't.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。(2)其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the stude nts like smart teachers?变否认句在主语和动词之间加don't.You don't want to have

11、a bath.We don't have any meat.The stude nts don't like smart teachers.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I do. / No, I don't.Yes, we do. / No, we don'tYes, they do. / No, they don't.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作构成：主语+ be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分We are havi ng lun ch.He is read ing a book.The dog is running after a cat.The

12、boys are swimmingacross the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we havi ng lun ch?8Are the boys swimmi ng across the river?变否认句在be动词后面加 notWe are not havi ng lun ch.He is not readi ng a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swim ming across the river.特殊疑问句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词

13、+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doi ng?What is the dog doing?没有进行时的动词必背表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作：1. 表示感觉，感官的词see, hear, like, love, want2. have, has 当 拥有"讲时没有进行时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, theday before yesterday, 3 days ago.含有be动词的句子，将 be动词变为过去式。am, is的过去式为

14、 was, are 的过去式为were :变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butcher's?Were you a stude nt a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否认句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butcher's.You were not a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定答复否认答复Yes, I was. / No, I w

15、as not.Yes, you were. / No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句What did you do?必背不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式：I fini shed my homework yesterday.The boy went to arestaura ntThe Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go

16、to a restaura nt?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?10变否认句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaura nt.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I did. / No, I did n't.Yes, he did. / No, he did n't.Yes, they did

17、. / No, they did not.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have, has+ 过去分词用法：等时1 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since 间副词连用。I have just had lunch.饱了，不用再吃了。He has had a cup of tea.不渴了，不用再喝。They have already had their holiday.不能再度假了。The boy has already read the book.已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了。2询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you

18、fini shed your homework?Have you bee n to Beiji ng?Have he see n the film?3表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beiji ng for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4 表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过 事情，经历过 事情I have never had a bath .I have n ever see n a film.I have n ever bee n to cin ema.I have ever be

19、e n to Paris.have gone to人已经回来人还在那里表示去了Have bee n to表示去过,I have bee n to London.He has gone to London.5 表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broke n my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后面加n ot.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定答复及否认答复Ye

20、s, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑问句What have you done?What has he done?般过去时与现在完成时的区别:但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续,用。错：I ' ve left Beijing for 3 days.因此不能和表示一段时间状语连对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow, next year, the day a

21、fter tomorrow,the year after the n ext, i n five hours' time, etc.表示将来的词联用。结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japa n the mon th after the n ext.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to

22、Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否认句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japa n the month after the n ext.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morni ng.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I will. / No, I will not.Yes, he/she will

23、. / No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. / No, he will n ot.特殊疑问句What will you do?过去完成时用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词After she had fini shed her homework, she went shopp ing.They had sold the car before I asked theprice .The train had left before I arrived at thestation .After/before引导的时

24、间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后那么不 用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she fini shed her homework?变否认句在助动词后面加notShe had n't fini shed her homework.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.特殊疑问句What had she done?过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在whe n, while, as引导的状语从句中。结构： was/were+doingWhen my husba nd was going into the dini

25、ng room this morning, hesome coins on the floor.Their father was watch ing TV while they were havi ng dinner.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Was their father watch ing TV while they were hav ing dinner.变否认句在be动词后面加 notTheir father was not watch ing TV while they were hav ing dinner.过去将来时结构：would dodroppedShe said she

26、would go here the next morning.1 Be going to 结构表示打算，准备，方案做某事I am going to make abookcase结构：主语+be动词+going to +动词原型They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give th

27、e bookcase to his daughter?变否认句在be动词后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.Yes, he is. / No, he is not.特殊疑问句必背What are you going to do?What ar

28、e they going to do?What is the father going to do? Jftdv 魯 ® ds册巒 d.2There be 句型一一表示哪里有什么东西某处有某物There is+单数名词+表示场所的词一般为介词词组There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are+复数名词+表示场所的词一般为介词词组There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is there a bo

29、ok in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否认句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, there is. / No, there is n ot.Yes, there are. / No, there are n ot.问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否认疑问句1一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher? Do you want to

30、 have a cup of tea?2特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句What is your n ame?3 选择疑问句：orDo you want beef or lamb ?4 反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否认疑问局部，否认陈述局部+肯定疑问局部You don't n eed that pen, do you?5否认疑问句：一般疑问句 +否认词Aren't youlucky ? Don't you want have a rest?some, any, many, much? some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否认句和疑

31、问句。注意：当期待对方的答案为肯定答复时用some。I have some milk.I don't have any milk.May I have some milk? many 修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much, 而用a lot of,在否认句中表示很多"用many, much 。I have a lot of mon ey.I don't have much mon ey.名词名词分为可数名词和不可数名词：1不可数名词无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk,rice扌由象的东西：love,

32、 beauty, cold ness不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a, an修饰；不能加s ；和单数be动词或动词搭配。2 可数名词单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化：?规那么变化的名词复数形式规那么 1 一般情况 +s e.g. shell 宀shells book 宀books规那么 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 +es e.g. fox foxes church churches, bus buses, watch t watches规那么 3 以 o 结尾 +s 或 +es e.g. potato t potatoes, Negro

33、 tNegroes, hero t heroes,tomato t tomatoes , ( 口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)，剩下一般加 s, radio tradios规那么 4 以 f, fe 结尾的，变 f, fe 为 ves e.g. life t lives half t halves, shelf tshelves,city tcities, wifetwives规那么5以辅音字母+y 结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. sky tskies fly tflies?不规那么变化的名词复数形式man (men ) woman(women ) foot (feet ) goose (g

34、eese ) tooth (teeth )child (children ) sheep (sheep ) deer (deer ) mouse (mice ) fish (fish )副词副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副词变化形式：?直接在形容词后加-ly :careful -carefully, slow-slowly?以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变i,加-ly :happy-happily,

35、 lucky -luckily ?有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化:fast, hard, late?有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly, high-highly , late- lately情态动词的使用可以1 情态动词can 能够，must 必须，may结构：主语 +can/must/may+动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak En glish.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can w

36、e speak En glish?变否认句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak En glish.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, he can. / No, he cannot.Yes, she can. / No, she cannot.Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.特殊疑问句：必背What can you do?注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加s。2) must/have to 的区别must表示必须，是主观上觉得应

37、该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态3) must, may, might表示猜想：must do表示对现在事实的猜想must have done表示对过去事实的猜想must have been doi ng表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜想may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜想，might的可能性更小。4) can't/couldn't表示不可能need 的用法?表示 需要时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I n e

38、ed a pen.Do you need anybeer ? No, I don ' t.I need to have a rest .Need doing=n eed to be done(表示被动)The flowers n eed wateri ng. =The flowers n eed to be watered.花需要浇水。? need在否认时做情态动词使用：You needn ' t go so early. (=You don' t need to go so early.)Must I clean the desk right now? No, you

39、 needn' t.不定代词及不定副词some, any, no, every-thing: someth ing, anything, nothing, everyth ing-one: some one, anyone, anything, every one-where: somewhere, any where, any where, everywhere-body: somebody, an ybody, n obody, everybody例子：1 ) I looked for my book everywhere, but I can' t find it any

40、 where2 ) If you want to go somewhere, if you want to be some one, you mustwake up.3) Help! Somebody? Anybody?4) You are really someth in g.你真了不起！ (口语中常用"somethi ng"来表示 真像回事儿真行的意思)5) Since every body is here, let' s begin our class.6) Where did you go? I wentno where .7) Nobody is at h

41、ome.感慨句：1) What + 名词+主语+谓语What a beautiful girl she is!What tall buildi ngs they are!2) How +形容词+主语+谓语How beautiful the girl is!How tall the buildi ngs are!?在口语中，感慨句的主语和谓语常常省略：What a nice present !(省略 it is)How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。

42、Come here, please.Go downstairs , please.Stand up.Sit dow n.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾:Come in, Amy.Sit dow n here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.Let me pass .Let us have a rest.Let's have a rest.反意疑问：Let's have a walk along the river, shall we?倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg: He

43、can swim . So can I.I did n't go to class.Neitherdid I.结构:so/n either+be+主语so/neither+ 助动词+主语so/neither+情态动词+ 主语助动词:一般现在时：do, does/am, is, are现在进行时:am, is, are一般过去时：did现在完成时：have, has一般将来时:will, shall过去进行时:was, were过去完成时：had过去将来时：would直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词1时态变化：一般现

44、在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时一一过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时一一过去将来时be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay_might2时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, thefollowingday, this- that 3人称变化：根据句意改变人称。4直接宾语/间接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来

45、担当。He gives me a book. me 间接宾语，a book 直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for :主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.1 代词及be动词主格 I we you you she/he/it they宾格 me us you you her/him/it them代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名词性代词 mi ne ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe 动词现在时 Am are are are is arebe 动词过去时 was were were were was were2名词的复数规那么变化的名词复数形式规那么般情况 +s e.g. shell shells toy toys规那么以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 +es e.g. fox foxes