2018年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编第01期专题12补全对话及短文填空词或句子或语法填空含解析(共61页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题12 补全对话及短文填空（词或句子）或语法填空1.【2018年江西中考】请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。know life different back and interesting sign real find theyThe planet Mars is the closest and most similar planet to Earth. It is very_24_to scientists. For example, Mars has seasons with_25_w

2、eather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Was there_26_on Mars?To find out, scientists need_27_if Mars ever had water. In 2004. two robot explores (探测器), or 'rovers', called Spirit and Opportunity were sent to look for_28_of water. These rovers can drive over rocks

3、_29_all kind of rough ground. They can also use cameras and send photos_30_ to Earth. First, the two rovers found chemicals and patterns (图文) in the rocks that were probably made by water. Then, they moved to another area and_31_other rocks which may have been created by water. Now scientists think

4、there was probably water on the planet long ago. Today _32_are still not sure if there was life on the mars. They_33_need more information to decide. The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions, but they also brought up many new ones.【答案】24. interesting 25. different 26. life 27. t

5、o know 28. signs 29. and 30. back 31. found 32. they 33. really24. 句意：这对科学家来说是非常有趣的。very非常，副词修饰形容词；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填interesting。25. 句意：火星有不同天气的季节，但其他行星全年都有相同的温度。weather天气，名词需用形容词修饰；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填different。26. 句意：火星上有生命吗？there be结构遵循就近原则，was后接单数名词。根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填life。27. 句意：为了找到答案，科学家们需要知道火星是否有水。need需

6、要，用于肯定句时多是实义动词，有need to do结构。根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填to know。28. 句意：2004年，两个名为“精神与机遇”的机器人探索器，或“漫游者”被派去寻找水的迹象。根据of所有格结构和英文提示，可知填signs。29. 句意：这些流浪者可以驾驶岩石和各种粗糙的地面。rocks和rough ground是并列关系，需要and连接；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填and。30. 句意：他们还可以使用相机和照片发送回地球。send back to送回某个地方；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填back。31. 句意：然后，他们搬到另一个地区，发现了其他可能是由水造成的岩

7、石。and连接并列结构，根据句意结构，可知缺动词，结合时态和英文提示，故填found。32. 句意：今天他们仍然不确定火星上是否有生命。本句缺主语，根据句意结构和英文提示，可知scientists需用they替代，故填they。33. 句意：他们真的需要更多的信息来决定。need需要，动词需用副词修饰；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填really。2.【2018年江西中考】请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中,使短文意思通顺、结构完整,并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。Is there a connection between music and lan

8、guage? According to recent studies, the answer is yes: _49_Here, we look at two examplesA recent study by researcher Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a person's hearing ability._50_The people in the first group were musicians, while those in the second group had no music

9、al training. The musicians were able to hear the talking person more clearly._51_Think about violinists in an orchestra (管弦乐团). When the violinists play with the group, they hear their own instrument and many others, too. But the violinists must listen closely to what they are playing, and pay no at

10、tention to the other sounds. In this way, musicians are able to focus on certain sounds, even in a room with lots of noise.Schlaug, a doctor at Harvard Medical School, works with stroke (中风) patients. Because of their illness, these people cannot say their names, addresses, or other information norm

11、ally. However, they can still sing._52_Why does this work? Schlaug isn't sure. Music seems to make different parts of the brain work, including the damaged (损坏的) parts. This might help patients to use that part of the brain again.Music improves concentration (注意力), memory, listening skills, and

12、our overall language abilities._53_Playing an instrument or singing can help us do better in school and keep our brain sharp (敏锐的) as we get older. Music is not only enjoyable, it's also good for us in many other ways.A. It can even help sick people get better.B Music helps people solve some hea

13、ring problems.C. Music improves certain language abilities in the brain.D. The violinists develop their memories by playing the violin.E Musicians hear better because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds.F. Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to speak.G. In

14、his study two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room.【答案】49. C 50. G 51. E 52. F 53. A【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文，谈论的是音乐和语言之间的联系。结果表明，演奏乐器可以提高一个人的听力能力，甚至能帮助生病的人变得更好。49. 根据开头Is there a connection between music and language? According to recent studies, the answer is yes，结合Here, we look a

15、t two examples可知备选句子Music improves certain language abilities in the brain.是对前文的解释，符合句意，故选C。50. 根据第二段A recent study by researcher Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a person's hearing ability.，可知备选句子In his study two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy

16、room.符合句意，故选G。51. 根据A recent study by researcher Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a person's hearing ability.，可知演奏乐器可以提高人的听力能力。备选句子中，Musicians hear better because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds.符合句意，故选E。52. 根据The musicians were able to hear the talking per

17、son more clearly.，可知音乐家们听到更好的声音是因为他们学会了注意某些声音。备选句子Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to speak.符合句意，故选F。点睛：完成短文，要求根据上下文运用合适的句子填空，使句意通顺、前后连贯。重在考查学生对所学语言的综合运用能力和对文段的理解判断能力。本题难度不大，只要把握好上下句的意思和关系，正确作答是不成问题的。3.【2018年江西中考】补全对话请阅读下面对话,根据对话内容从方框中选择恰当的句子填入空白处,使对话通顺、合理，意思完整,并在

18、答题卡上将其序号涂黑。 (Sandra and Luke plan their trip to Cape Town. S=Sandra L=Luke)S:OK,that' s the flight(航班).Lets look for a hotel now._54_L: Three nights-Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Are there any hotels near the airport?S: Yes, there are. But they are expensive. Just a minute no, there aren't an

19、y cheap hotels near the airport. They are all expensive. _55_ L: Wow! Well, what about a youth hostel(青年旅社)? Is there a youth hostel near the airport?S: OK, let's see. I don't think so no, there isn't. I don't like youth hostels. _56_ L: OK. Lets look in the city centre. Are there an

20、y cheap hotels there?S: Yes, of course there areL: Well, that's good. And is there a bus to the city centre?S: A bus from the airport? Yes, there is. _57_ There isn't a train, but that's OK.L: And there are taxis, too.S: _58_ OK, so let's look at these hotels.A. I think the bus is fi

21、ne.B. We need a room for two.C. Do you like a youth hostel?D. Is it for two nights or three?E. They aren't very comfortable.F. There's a bus every twenty minutes.G. This one is four hundred dollars a night.【答案】54. D 55. G 56. E 57. F 58. A【解析】试题分析：本文是桑德拉和卢克计划去开普敦旅行的对话，就住什么样的旅馆两人进行了商讨，最后决定坐公交

22、去市中心看一看。54. 根据S的话Lets look for a hotel now.，结合下文L的说法Three nights，可知他们在商议需住几夜。备选句子中，Is it for two nights or three?符合句意，故选D。55. 根据S的回答But they are expensive.，它们很贵，they代指上文的hotel，可知This one is four hundred dollars a night.符合句意，故选G。56. 根据S的态度I don't like youth hostels.，可知后面需要解释原因。备选句子They aren't

23、 very comfortable.符合句意，故选E。57. 根据S的回答A bus from the airport? Yes, there is.，可知这里有机场巴士，空白处正好是对机场巴士的详细说明。备选句子中There's a bus every twenty minutes.符合句意，故选F。58. 根据短文内容，前面提到巴士和出租车，后文提到商议宾馆的事情，可知他们对于出行达成了共识。备选句子中，I think the bus is fine.符合句意，故选A。4.【2018年内蒙古包头市中考】阅读下面短文,根据首字母、音标以及语境的提示在空白处填入适当的单词(1个单词);

24、或根据汉语意思的提示,在空白处填入适当的短语,使短文语意连贯,意思完整。Kate and Dick were classmates. They _56_ (相处) well with each other and later fell in love. After getting m_57_ , they found it difficult to _58_ (谋生).Finally, they decided _59_ run a small restaurant near the railway station. The restaurant often stayed o_60_ unti

25、l after midnight, because people came to drink there while they were _61_ (等待) trains.At two o'clock one morning, _62_ man was still sitting at a table in the restaurant. He was _63_ 'sli:p. Kate wanted to go to bed. She looked at the table several times, and each time the man was still ther

26、e. Then, _64_ (最终) she went to her h_65_ and said to him, "You've talked to that man three times, and he isn't drinking any more. _66_ haven't you sent him away? After _67_ , it's so late.""Oh, no, I don't want to send him away," a_68_ Dick with a smile. "

27、;You see, whenever I _69_ (叫醒) the man, he asks for the bill, and when I bring it to him, he p_70_ it. Then he goes back to sleep again."【答案】56. got on/along 57. married 58. make a living/earn their living 59. to 60. open 61. waiting for 62. a/one 63. asleep 64. at last/in the end 65. husband 6

28、6. Why 67. all 68. answered 69. wake up 70. pays【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了夫妻俩在火车站附近开了一个酒吧，每天关门很晚，因为人们等车的时候常会进来喝点酒。一天，一个人到了凌晨2点了还在酒吧里睡觉，老板娘又累又困，想让已经叫醒他三次的丈夫赶他走，但丈夫不同意，因为每次把那个人叫醒，他都会要帐单付一次钱。56. 句意：他们相处的很好，后来相爱了。根据提示词“相处”，可知英文表达是get on或get along，在句中是作谓语；这是在讲述一个故事，所以用一般过去时，get的过去式为got，故答案填got on/along。57. 句意

29、：结婚后。根据上文later fell in love以及首字母提示，可知此处是指“结婚”，get married固定词组，“结婚”，故答案填married。58. 句意：他们发现谋生很困难。根据提示词“谋生”，可知英文表达是make a living或earn their living，前面有介词to，所以这里用动词原形，故答案填make a living/earn their living。59. 句意：最后，他们决定在火车站附近开一家小餐馆。decide to do sth.决定去做某事，故答案填to。60. 句意：这家餐馆经常营业到午夜以后。根据句意以及首字母提示可知此处应填open，

30、stay open：开门营业，相当于keep open，故答案填open。61. 句意：因为人们在等火车的时候来这里喝酒。根据提示词“等待”，可知英文表达是wait for，本句是while引导的时间状语从句，主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，所以时态用过去进行时，即在等火车的时候来这里喝酒，故答案填waiting for。64. 句意：最后，她走到丈夫跟前对他说。根据提示词“最终”，可知英文表达是at last或in the end，故答案填at last/in the end。65. 句意：最后，她走到丈夫跟前对他说。联系上文的语境可知是夫妇俩开的餐馆，再结合首字母提示，可知此处是指“丈夫”

31、husband，故答案填husband。66. 句意：你为什么不把他送走？联系上文语境，可知此处是问“你为什么不把他送走？”“为什么”英文表达是why，因其位于句首，所以首字母大写，故答案填Why。67. 句意：毕竟，天气太晚了。由语境和句意可知此处考查固定词组after all“毕竟、终究”，故答案填all。68. 句意：“哦，不，我不想把他送走。”迪克微笑着说。根据语境和句意，结合首字母提示，可知此处应是“回答”，英文表达是answer，本文时态用的是一般过去时，所以此处也应用一般过去时，answer的过去式为answered，故答案填answered。69. 句意：你看，每当我叫醒那个人

32、，他就要账单。根据提示词“叫醒”，可知英文表达是wake up，这里是直接引用Dick叙述这件事情时所说的话，所以用一般现在时，故答案填wake up。70. 句意：当我把账单给他时，他就付钱。根据句意和首字母提示，可知此处应是“付钱”，英文表达是pay，主语是he，时态用一般现在时，故答案填pays。点睛：本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的提示填写合适的词语。如，第4小题，考查固定搭配，decide to do sth.决定去做某事，故答案填to。第8小题，根据音标'sli:p

33、，可知单词应是asleep，和前面的系动词was构成系表结构，表示睡着的状态，故答案填asleep。5.【2018年山东德州市中考】 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化（可添加助动词或者情态动词），填入空白处。see, cross, drink, travel, ask, remember, clean, wait, take, rest, thinkOnce upon a time, a father and his son were walking from one town to another, While they _

34、1_, they happened to pass by a river. They were tired and stopped there _2_. Then the father asked his son to get him some water from the river.Then the son walked to the riverside and he _3_some women washing clothes there. Right at that moment, a bullock cart(牛车) started crossing the river. As a r

35、esult, the water became very dirty. “I mustnt take the dirty water to my father,” he thought. So he came back and said. “Look, Father. A bullock cart _4_the river now, so the water is dirty and it cant be drunk.” Father said nothing.After a while, the son _5_to get some water again by his father. Th

36、e water was still dirty, but he didnt go back. He thought, “My father is so thirsty. I_6_back clean water this time, even though it will take me a long time.” Then he sat there, waiting until the water was clean. He collected some in a bowl and took it back.“Oh, you are back at last, I _7_for you fo

37、r almost half an hour.” Father said. After_8_the water, he looked up at his son and said, “Now, _9_about what made the water clean. You let it be and the water became clean on its own. It is also the same with your mind. When it is disturbed(打扰), just let it be, and it will calm down on its own.”The

38、 son thought for a while and said, “Thank you, Father. I_10_this forever.”We can make best decisions when we stay calm.【答案】36. were traveling/were travelling 37. to rest 38. saw 39. is crossing 40. was asked 41. must take 42. have waited 43. drinking 44. think 45. will remember【解析】这篇短文借水通过时间沉淀泥沙，自身变

39、得清澈的事实，告诉了我们一个思想也能通过时间来平静下来，所以做事不能冲动，着急。36. 句意：当他们旅行的时候，他们碰巧要经过一条河。由句子Once upon a time, a father and his son were walking from one town to another可知，这里指他们是在旅行，因此选动词travel。事情发生在过去。在由While引导的句子的时态用过去进行时。因此答案为were travelling。37. 句意：他们累了，停在那里休息。根据语境They were tired他们累了，说明他们停下来去休息。stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事。

40、所以答案为to rest。38. 句意：儿子走到河边，看见一些妇女在那里洗衣服。see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事。因为and前面的句子为过去时，所以本题也用过去时。因此答案为saw。39. 句意：一辆牛车正在过河，所以水很脏，不能喝。由Look, Father.说明这是引起爸爸的注意。因此后面的动作为正在发生。用现在进行时。过河用cross the river。所以答案为is crossing。40. 句意：过了一会儿，儿子又被父亲叫去打些水来。由by his father可知，the son是被要求去打水的。因此用被动。因为是讲述故事，所以时态为过去时。本题为过去时的

41、被动句。所以答案为was asked。41. 句意：我爸爸很渴。这次我必须打回干净的水，尽管这需要很长时间。因为My father is so thirsty.说明儿子这次打水给父亲，是他的主观看法。因此用情态动词must，take back clean water取回干净的水。所以本题的答案为must take。42. 句意：哦，你终于回来了，我已经等了你半个小时了。由for almost half an hour可知，用现在完成时。等某人用wait for sb. 所以答案为have waited。 43. 句意：喝完水后，他抬起头看着儿子说。因为水打回来之后，父亲得喝水，因此本题选dri

42、nk。After为介词，后面用动名词。答案为drinking。44. 句意：现在，你想想是什么使水变干净了。根据语境可知选think。think about考虑，思考的意思。又因为本题为祈使句，因此用动词原形。所以答案为think。45. 句意：谢谢你，爸爸。我会永远记住这一点。forever永远的意思。根据语境可知用remember，时态用一般将来时。所以答案为will remember。6.【2018年山东德州市中考】短文还原阅读短文，从短文下面方框中的六个句子中选择五个还原到短文中，使短文通顺完整、衔接自然。 Dawa Dorji has many jobs: singer, barke

43、eper and English tour guide, but he is most famous as the lead singer of the first folk(民间的) pop band in Tibet(西藏).In 2003, Dawa Dorji met two fans of Tibetan music._21_, and later another two joined the band._22_, so they had to practise on weekdays in a small village after work. Dawa Dorji and his

44、 band members believed that they needed to communicate with their audience(听众) in order to write good songs. _23_.At the beginning, most audience were foreigners, but after a couple of months, many local people came to enjoy their music. _24_.“Whenever there is a festival, we Tibetans sing and dance

45、, I sang songs with the old people, and I leaned more about how to sing,” said Dawa Dorji._25_, and many of them are from traditional ones.Dawa Dorji believes that their efforts(努力) are meaningful for introducing Tibetan folk music to the whole nation, and even the whole world.A. Dawa Dorji was born

46、 in LhasaB. Each member of the band had his own jobC. They became good friends and started a bandD. As a result, the band became more and more popularE. So at weekends they rushed to restaurants to sing for freeF. So far, four albums(唱片) with 48 Tibetan language songs have come out【答案】21. C 22. B 23

47、. E 24. D 25. F22. 由下文的句子so they had to practice on weekdays in a small village after work.可知，所以他们不得不在工作后在一个小村庄里练习。说明他们有工作。B项，乐队的每个成员都有自己的工作。故选B。23. 由句子Dawa Dorji and his band members believed that they needed to communicate with their audience(听众) in order to write good songs.可知，Dawa Dorji和他的乐队成员认为

48、他们需要与听众沟通，以便写出好的歌曲。所以周末他们赶到餐馆免费唱歌。以便更好的与听众沟通，写出好的歌曲。所以选E。24. 由句子At the beginning, most audience were foreigners, but after a couple of months, many local people came to enjoy their music. 可知，起初，大多数观众是外国人，但几个月后，许多当地人也来欣赏他们的音乐。由于当地人也来欣赏他们的音乐。结果，乐队变得越来越流行。故选D。25. 第五题介绍了他们的成绩。下句的意思是，其中许多是传统的。我们看选项F. So

49、far, four albums(唱片) with 48 Tibetan language songs have come out的意思，到目前为止，他们已经发行了48首藏文歌曲的四张专辑。其中许多是传统的。衔接起来连贯、自然。故选F。7.【2018年山东济宁地区中考】阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词语填空，方框中有两个词语为多余选项。rule, none, again, note, firs,t directly, another, set, out, gave upOne day, a student asked his teacher, "what is greed?&quo

50、t; The teacher didnt answer his question_34_ , but asked the student to walk through the chocolate factory next to their school and pick out the biggest chocolate bar（条、块） he could findBut there was a _35_: as he passed through the factory, he could not turn back.The student went to the chocolate fa

51、ctory. As he walked, he saw a large chocolate bar. He liked it, but thought he might be able to find an even bigger one if he kept going. He kept walkingand saw _36_ chocolate bar. This one was a little bigger. But _37_ , he thought he could find an even bigger one if he kept going. As he neared the

52、 end of the factory, he saw fewer chocolate bars, and _38_ of them were as large as the earlier ones. He started to regret his decision to keep going. Finally, he _39_. He went back to his teacher empty-handed and explained what had happened.The teacher told him, “ You liked the _40_chocolate bar, b

53、ut you kept looking for a bigger one. And later, you realized that you had given up the best chocolate bar because you thought you could do better. That is called greed.”【答案】34. directly 35. rule 36. another 37. again 38. none 39. gave up 40. first【解析】本文讲了一位老师带一个学生去巧克力工厂，让他步行穿过工厂并沿途可以挑选巧克力棒，但前提是不能回头

54、，结果最后男孩由于总想着前面的巧克力棒更大而一无所获。老师以此教育了学生，告诉了他什么是“贪婪”。34. 句意：老师没有直接地回答他的问题。这里是说老师在听到学生的问题后，没有直接回答，而是让学生去做了一件事，使用副词“directly”表示“直接地”，填 directly。 35. 句意：但是有一条规则：当他穿过工厂时，他不能再回头。可以看到冒号后面的内容是一条规则，一种约定，故这里填rule。 36. 句意：他继续走并且看到另一个巧克力棒。看到一个巧克力棒以为自己还能找到更大的于是选择继续前行，所以再次看到的肯定是“另一个”（another）巧克力棒，故填another。 37. 句意：但

55、是，再一次，他认为如果他继续前进，他会发现更大的一个。这里是心态的再次重演，他的想法没变，所以这里是“再一次”（again）这样认为，故填again。 38. 句意：当他接近工厂的尽头时，他看到的巧克力棒越来越少，没有一个像以前那样大。后面的“as large as the earlier ones”指“像前面的那样大”，外加后句中说他开始遗憾了，说明这里的情况不太好，没有一个（none）像之前的那样大，故填none。 39. 句意：最后，他放弃了。这里是说他的心情崩溃了，因为到最后反而没什么好的巧克力棒了，而且他也什么都没得到，所以他应该是“gave up”放弃了，动词要使用一般过去时，故填

56、 gave up。 40. 句意：你喜欢第一个巧克力棒，但你一直在寻找一个更大的巧克力棒。这里是老师的话，在描述学生的行为，学生喜欢的是第一个，但一直在找更大的，故这里填first。8.【2018年山东济宁地区中考】A Spring MorningThis spring morning in bed Im lying,Not to awake till the birds are crying.After one night of wind and showers,How many are the fallen flowers!(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)This

57、poem_29_ (write) by Meng Haoran (689-740), who lived during the Tang Dynasty. It might be one of the _30_ (famous) Poems about spring in China. People like to read it _31_they wake up on a spring morning.Meng didnt directly say how much he loved spring. Instead, he wrote about the details(细节） of the season：the birds，wind， rain showers and fallen flowers His descriptions（描述）ofthese things showed_32_ (we) the joy he felt during springtime.Meng ch