数学用语的英文读法

1、数学式和数学用语的英文读法一、Number 数字106：one million109：one billion (or one thousand million)1012 ：one trillion (or one million million)1015 ：one quadrillion(or one thousand million million)1018 ：one quintillion (or one million million million)二、Fractions 分数通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。1/2：a (or one) half1/3：a (or one) thi

2、rd1/4：a quarter or one fourth2/3 ： two thirds, two over three, or two by three9/10： nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten4%o：four per mill (or mil)三、Decimals 小数：zero (or naught) point four.01： point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one：twelve point three four：thirty point four five,.:point three rep

3、eating (or recurring)四、Mathematic Forms 数学式(4-1) Addition 加法1+2=3： One and two are three.2+3=5： Two plus three equals five.4+0=4： Four and naught is equal to four.45+70+152=267 ：45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267the sum (or total) is 267.(4-2) Subtraction 减法(4-3) Multiplicatio n 乘法(4-4) Division

4、 除法五、Power幕次方bn当中， b被称为底数 (base), n被称为指数 (power or exponent) bn: the nth power of b 或 b to the nth power.a 107 : a times the seventh power of ten. b 的平方：b square or b squaredb 的立方：b cube or b cubed b 的 4 次方： b to the fourth b 的-1 次方： b to the minus one八、其它log(x):the logarithm of xlogb(x):the logarit

5、hm of x to the base b5 : 3：five to three45 度角： forty-five degree angle二元一次方程式：lin ear (or simple) equati on with two unknowns一元二次方程式：quadratic equati on with one unknown九、符号的英文读法(9-1)Pu nctuati on Marks 标点符号中文英文中文英文§分节号secti on; divisi on-破折号dasho句号period/斜线virgule; slash逗号comma反斜线backslash:冒号c

6、olo n波浪号tilde (or swu ng dash)?分号semico lon省略号ellipsis!惊叹号exclamati on()圆括号pare nthesesat1 1单引号sin gle quotati on marks1所有格号apostrophe双引号double quotati on marks问号questi on mark法文引号或书名号French quotes占八、dot方括号(square) brackets*星号asterisk (or star) 大括号braces尽穴口刖号arrowII双线号parallel(9-2) Mathematical Symb

7、ols (I) 数学符号 (一)中文英文中文英文=尺K 口 等号is equal to>不大于is not more tha n不等号is not equal to%百分之per cen t (or perce nt)约等于is approximately equal to%o千分之per mill (or mil)<小于is less tha n三全等号is equivale nt to>大于is more tha ns约等于is approximately equal to小于等于is less tha n or equal to; is no more tha nX与成

8、比例varies as大于等于is more tha n or equal to; is no less tha noo无限大infinity<不小于is not less tha n&以及and (or ampersa nd)(9-3) Mathematical Symbols (II) 数学符号 (二)中文英文中文英文+加号正号plusV平方根(square) root减号负号min us/积分in tegral ofX乘号is multiplied byE总和summati on of除号is divided byo度degree±正负号plus or minus

9、/分mi nute因为sin ce; becauseft秒second所以hencec摄氏cen tigrade角an gleF华氏(degree) Fahre nheit半圆semicirclen!n阶乘the factorial of no圆circleAhato圆周circumfere nee|a|a的绝对值the absolute value of an圆周率pilog a对数(com mon) logarithm三角形tria ngleln a自然对数n atural logarithm丄垂直is perpe ndicular tosin正弦si neu合集union ofcos余弦

10、cosi nen交集in tersecti on oftan正切tangent#数字n umbercot余切cota ngent$美元dollarsec正割seca ntf(a)a的函式the function of acsc余割cosecant十、Com mon Words in Mathematics 数学常用字汇(10-1) Scienee 科学公理axiom推论corollary定理theorem反例cou nterexample定律law; pri nciple演绎deduct (v); deducti on(n)证明prove; verify归纳in duct (v); in du

11、cti on(n)假设；假说hypothesis; hypotheses(pl.)经验式的heuristic命题propositi on算法algorithm(10-2) Numbers 数数n umber十进制decimal system数字digit二进制binary system自然数n atural n umber十六进制hexadecimal system整数in teger有理数rati onal n umber小数decimal; decimal fraction; decimalfigure无理数irrati onal n umber小数点decimal point实数real

12、 n umber循环小数recurring decimal; periodic decimal;repeat ing decimal虚数imag inary n umber无尽小数infinite decimal复数complex n umber正positive有效数字sig nifica nt digit负n egative无效数字in sig nifica nt digit零n ull, zero, n aught, nil因子factor无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)公因子com mon factor无穷小infini tesimal倍数multiple分数f

13、racti on公倍数common multiple分子n umerator质数prime n umber分母denomin ator因式分解factorizati on(n); factorize(v)倒数reciprocal; in verse近似值approximate value(10-3)Operations (I) 运算(一)加plus(prep.); add(v.); additi on(n.)被乘数multiplica nd; facie nd被加数auge nd; summa nd乘数multiplier; multiplicator加数addend积product和sum除

14、dividedby(prep.);divide(v.);divisio n(n.)减minus(prep.);subtract©.);subtracti on (n.)被除数divide nd被减数minuend除数divisor减数subtrahe nd商quotie nt乘times(prep.);multiply©.);multiplicati on(n.)余数rema in der(10-4)Operations (II)运算(二)计算calculati on对数logarithm运算operati on指数；幕；乘方exp onent; power算术arithm

15、etic二次方；平方square运算符operator三次方；立方cube譬r.等于equals, is equal to, is equivale nt to四次方the power of four;the fourth power大于is greater tha nn次方the power of n;xuththe n power小于is lesser tha n开方evoluti on; extracti onis more tha n or equal to;二次方根；square root大等is no less tha n平方根is less tha n or equal to;三

16、次方根；cube root小等is no more tha n立方根比ratio四次方根the root of four;the fourth root进位carryn次方根the root of n; the nth root通分reducti on to a com mon denomin ator截尾trun cati on约分reducti on of a fracti on四舍五入rou nd微积分calculus下舍入floor (or round dow n)微分differe ntial上舍入ceil (or round up)偏微分partial differe ntial绝

17、对值absolute value; modulus导数derivative阶乘factorial积分in tegral内积inner product定积分definite integral加权weight, sig nifica nee不定积分indefinite integral转换tran sform差分differe nee旋积con voluti on(10-5) Algebras and Fun ctio ns 代数与函数代数algebra方程式equati on; fun cti on系数coefficie nt公式formula; formulae(pl.)未知数unknown;

18、 x-factor; y-factor; z-factor恒等式ide ntity常数con sta nt单项式mono mial变数variable多项式polyno mial; mult ino mial函数fun cti onn次多项式nth order polyno mial定义域domain; field of definition一次方程lin ear (or simple) equati on值域range二次方程quadratic equati on等式equality三次方程cubic equati on不等式in equalitym元n次方程式nth order equat

19、i on with m unknowns(10-6) Properties 性质极限limit奇偶性parity正交orthog on al(a); orthogo nality( n)对称性symmetry交换律commutativity可逆性reversibility结换律associativity单调性monotoni city分配律distributivity周期性periodicity(10-7) Sets and Logic 集合与逻辑集合set; aggregate联集union元素eleme nt补集compleme nt子集subset充分条件sufficie nt con

20、diti on空集void必要条件n ecessary con diti on交集in tersecti on充分且必要if and only if(10-8) Geometry (I) 几何(一)几何geometry顶点vertex占八、poi nt边side线line直角边leg面pla ne斜边hypote nuse体solid底base平行parallel高height相交in tersect三角形tria ngle垂直;正交perpendicular; vertical; orthogonal锐角三角形acute tria ngle角an gle直角三角形right tria ngl

21、e角度degree钝角三角形obtuse tria ngle弧度radia n不等边三角形scale ne tria ngle锐角acute an gle等边三角形equilateral tria ngle直角right an gle等腰三角形isosceles tria ngle钝角obtuse an gle四边形quadrilateral平角straight an gle长len gth周角perigo n宽width圆circle对角线diago nal圆心cen tre(BrE), cen ter(AmE)平行四边形parallelogram半径radius矩形recta ngle直径

22、diameter正方形square圆周率Pi菱形rhomb; rhombus;rhombi(pL);diam ond弧arc梯形trapezoid半圆semicircle直角梯形right trapezoid扇形sector; fan等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid环ring五边形pen tag on椭圆ellipse六边形hexagon圆周circumfere nee七边形heptag on面积area八边形octag on周长perimeter九边形enneagon勾股定理Pythagorea n theorem十边形decagon多边形polyg on十一边形hendeca

23、gon正多边形equilateral polygo n十二边形dodecagon(10-9) Geometry (II)几何(二)相似similar球sphere全等con grue nt半球hemisphere立方体cube圆锥cone多面体polyhedr on圆柱cyli nder三角锥pyramid圆台frustum of a cone三角柱prism内切圆in scribed circle棱台frustum of a prism外切圆circum circle四面体tetrahedro n空间space五面体pen tahedr on维dime nsion六面体hexahedro n

24、n维n-dime nsion平行六面体parallelepipedn度空间n-dime nsional space七面体heptahedr on三角trigo no metry八面体octahedro n正弦si ne九面体enneahedr on余弦cos ine十面体decahedro n正切tangent十一面体hendecahedro n余切cota ngent十二面体dodecahedro n正割seca nt二十面体icosahedr on余割cosecant底面un dersurface反正弦arc sine内心incen tre(BrE), i ncen ter(AmE)反余弦

25、arc cos ine外心exce ntre(BrE), exce nter(AmE)反正切arc tangent旁心esce ntre(BrE), esce nter(AmE)反余切arc cota ngent垂心orthoce ntre(BrE), orthoce nter(AmE)反正割arc seca nt重心baryce ntre(BrE), baryce nter(AmE)反余割arc coseca nt体积volume投影projecti on表面积surface area旋转rotati on(10-10) Geometry (III): Li nes and Coord in ates几何 (三):线与坐标轨迹locus, loci(pl.)向量vector坐标系coord in ate象限quadra nt直角坐标系Cartesia n coord in ate system线段segme nt圆坐标系polar coord in ate system直线straight line球坐标系spherical coord in ate system曲线；弧线curve轴axis射线radial坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis双曲线hyperbola横坐标x-coord in ate抛物线parabola纵坐标y-coord