管理类专业学位联考英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编5

1、管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编（ 总分： 50.00 ，做题时间：90 分钟 ）一、 Reading Comprehension（ 总题数：5，分数：50.00）Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs"s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year latershe became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without

2、 attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire forhaving sat on Goldman"s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was taking up too much tim

3、e, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm"s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive"s proposals.If the sky,and the share price,

4、is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that coveredmore than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors sta

5、yed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly20%. The likelihood of being namedin

6、 a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not meanthat such directors are always jumping off

7、a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history sh

8、ows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.(1) .According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Si

9、mmons was criticized for.A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her dutyVC.refusing to make compromisesD.leaving the board in tough times本题信息点是 Ms. Simmons was criticized（Simmons受到批评），该信息出现在第一段第三句话一Simmonswas under fire中，其中under fire 意为"受到攻击"，即"受到批评"之意。根据原因题的解题技巧， 我们先看到本

10、句中for having sat on Goldman s compensation committee（ 在高盛薪酬委员会担任职务）是一个事实陈述；同时，分号“；”表明该句与下句为并列关系，从而我们知道下句 how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked（ 她怎么能让那些巨额奖金支出得以通过而没有引起 注意呢 ?） 是她受到批评的原因。由此可见她作为薪酬委员会的成员未能阻止巨额奖金的发放，即：未能很好地履行其职责。所以选项B 为本题答案。(2) .We learn from Paragraph 2 tha

11、t outside directors are supposed to be.A.generous investors B.unbiased executives C.share price forecasters .independent advisers V 本题信息点是outside directors are supposed to be（ 独立董事应该） ，在文章查找该信息点时我们会很容易注意到该信息点m 现在第二段第一句话中：Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful ，yet less biased ， advisers

12、on a firm s board 可以看出outside director 的身份是有帮助的、不带偏见的顾问。由此我们可以确定选项D 符合本句语意，为本题答案。另外，如果本句理解有困难，我们再看下旬：Having madetheir wealth and their reputations elsewhere ， they presumably have enoughindependence to disagree with the chief executive' s proposals( 已经, 他们有足够的独立性否决首席执行官的动议) ，由此可以确认outside direct

13、ors 的职责就是顾问。(3) .According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director"s surprise departure, the firm is likely to.A.become more stableB.report increased earningsC.do less well in the stock marketVD.perform worse in lawsuits.本题信息点是atter an outside director s surprise depa

14、rture ， the firm is likely to ，在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点出现在文章第三段第三句：so the researchers concentrated on those“ surprise ” departure ， the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20 The likelihood of being named in a federal class action lawsuit alsoincreas

15、es ， and the stock is likely to perlerm worse The effect tended to be larger for largerfirms 。研读本句便可以理清outside director 意外离开后有以下结果：1)重申盈利的可能性增加；2)被联邦集体诉讼的可能性增加；3)股市表现更差。由此可见选项C符合文章内容，为本题答案。本题 B选项和 D 选项都有很强的干扰性，但是他们都犯了“偷换概念”的错误。(4) .It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors.A.

16、may stay for the attractive offers from the firmVB.have often had the records of wrongdoings in the firm C.are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm D.will decline incentives from the firm本题信息点是outside directors 。我们来到文章最后一段，先逐句理解字面意思，然后整理各相关独立董事语句的信息，最后与本题的各选项对照，并做出选择。本文最后一段共三句话，都与 outside dire

17、ctor有关。第一句是outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations ifthey leave a firm before bad news breaks ， even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred ，大意为：通过提前离开，独立董事很容易规避声誉受损；第二句是 Firms who want to keep their outside direc

18、tors through tough time mayhave to create incentives ，大意为：想留住独立董事的公司可能必须给他们激励：第三句话是Otherwise outside directors willfollow the example of Ms Simmons， once again very popular on campus ，大意为：否则独立董事会像Simmons一样，又一次在大学受到欢迎。现在把以上三句话所陈述的内容与本题选项对照就会发现选项 A 符合第二句话的内容，为本题答案。(5) .The author"s attitude towar

19、d the role of outside directors is.A.permissiveB.positiveC.scornfulD.critical V态度题的基本思路是“听其言，观其行”。文章首段便提到how could she have let those enormous bonuspayouts pass unremarked? 之后作者又指出：Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased ， advisers on a firm s board 由此看出作者对outside director

20、 这种角色持批评的态度。Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America"s Federal trad

21、e commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian pap

22、ers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many pape

23、rs stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 12,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved

24、 the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced business, which a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from a

25、dvertising in 2008, according to theOrganization for Economic Cooperation & Development(OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damagehas been concentrated in a

26、reas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.(1) .By saying "ne

27、wspapers like . their own doom"(para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers.A.neglected the sign of crisisB.failed to get state subsidiesC.were not charitable corporationsD.were in a desperate situationV句意理解题的解答一定要充分利用好其上下文。本句的上文说明了报纸的寿命濒临结束，面临危机；下文提到政府一次次讨论如何挽救报纸。由此可见San Francisco Chronicle

28、 面临倒闭的厄运。所以本题答案为 D。(2) .Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because.A.readers threatened to pay lessB.newspapers wanted to reduce costs VC.journalists reported little about these areasD.subscribers complained about similar products本题信息点是refused delivery to distant suburbs(拒绝

29、向远郊送报)，在文章中查阅该信息点时我们找到该信息点出现在第三段第四句Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distantsuburbs 。本句与上文的push journalists overboard( 解雇记者) 、 slimmer products( 内容缩水) 是并列关系，均属报社在艰难时期所采取的措施。根据上下文，报社这些措施都是为了度过艰难时期。因此选项B newspapers wanted to reduce costs 更加符合上下文语意，为本题最佳答案。(3) .Compared with their Am

30、erican counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they.A.have more sources of revenueB.have more balanced newsroomsC.are less dependent on advertisingVD.are less affected by readership本题信息点是Japanese newspapers are much more stable ，在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点出现在文章第四段最后一句Not surprisingly,J

31、apanese newspapers are much more stable.根据原因题的解题技巧，我们发现信息点所在的句子并没有陈述原因，同时又没有下一句，于是原因便在上一句陈述：Fully 87 of their revenues came from advertising in 2008， according to the Organization forEconomic Cooperation&Development(OECD) In Japan the proportion is 35 由此可以看出日本报业 更稳定的原因就是和美国报业相比，日本报业收入来自广告的比例较美国低

32、，所以本题答案为C。(4) .What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?A.Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.VB.Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.C.Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. D.Readers have lost thei

33、r interest in car and film reviews.本题信息点是the current newspaper business 。我们来到文章最后一段，先逐句理解字面意思，然后整理各相关信息，最后与本题的各选项对照，并做出选择。第一句是The whirlwind that swept throughnewsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive ，大意为：这次报业危机对大家都不好，但是损害

34、主要体现在那些最没有特色的领域；第二句是 Car and film reviewers have gone,大意为：汽车和影评 (栏目)没有了；第三旬是 So have science and general business reporters ，大意为：科学和一般商业报道也没有了；第四句是Foreignbureaus have been savagely cut off ，大意为：驻外办事处严重削减；第五句是Newspapers are lesscomplete as a result ，大意为：因而报纸内容更不完全；最后一句是But completeness is no longer a

35、virtue in the newspaper business ，大意为：但是完全性不再是报业的优势。接下来我们把各句内容与 本题选项逐一比对，由此可见选项A 符合第一句的内容，为本题答案。(5) .The most appropriate title for this text would be.A.American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalVB.American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind C.American Newspapers: A Thriving Business D.American Newspa

36、pers: A Hopeless Story 主旨题我们大多都可以通过对第一段的理解以及对文章写作手法认知而解决。首段提问、首段独句、转移 中心、大众观点、事例开头、类比开头都是我们在前面讲述过的能表述或引出主旨的写作手法。本文第一句 Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? 以提问的方式开头，先直截了当地告诉读者本文的话题：报业是否要寿终正寝，第一段最后一句But the discussions now seem out of date 采用转折的方式，表达关于如何挽救报业的讨论已经过时了，暗示报业尽管遇到了困难，但依然不会到破产的地步。由此

37、我们知道，本文的主题不是关于报业寿终正寝，而是报业艰难求生存，所以本题答案为A。We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. But when it came to their houses,

38、it was a time of commonsense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the post war confidence in the future, made small, efficienthousing positivelystylish.Economic condition was on

39、ly a stimulus for thetrend toward efficientliving. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German,the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took

40、 up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies. Mies"s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impacts than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not de

41、rive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood - materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies"s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather t

42、han big and often empty. The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago"s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller - two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet - than those in their older neighbors along the city"s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass

43、 walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings" details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and effic

44、ient houses - usually around 1,200 square feet - than the spreading two-storey ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century. The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet an

45、other home grown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In this Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life - few American families acqui

46、red helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.(1) .The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans.A.prosperity and growthB.efficiency and practicalityC.restraint and confidence

47、 VD.pride and faithfulness本题信息点是The postwar American housing style largely reflected，在文章中查阅该信息点时我们找到该信息点出现在第二段最后一句restraint , in combination with the post war confidence in thefuture ， made small ， efficient housing positively stylish，其大意为：克制加上对未来的信心造就了小而高效的房屋建筑风格。由此看出房屋建筑风格体现了restraint 和 confidence

48、 ， 所以本题答案为C。(2) .Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?A.It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B.Its designing concept was affected by World War II.C.Most American architects used to be associated with it.D.It had a great influence upon American architecture.

49、V本题信息点是Bauhaus,并且该信息点被限定在第三段。该信息点在第三段首次出现在第二句The phrase“ less is more ” was actually first popularized by a German， the architect Ludwig Mies van derRohe， who like other people associated with the Bauhaus， a school of design ， emigrated to theUnited States before World War II and took up posts at Am

50、erican architecture schools，其大意为：“少就是多”是由一位德国建筑师推广，这位建筑师欣赏那些与Bauhaus有关的人，Bauhaus是一所设计学院，这位建筑师在二战之前迁到美国并在美国多所设计学院供职；第三句These designers came toexert enormous influence on the course of American architecture， but none more so than Mies也包含 Bauhaus 的信息，大意为：这些设计人员对美国建筑设计道路带来了很大影响，但是影响最大的人当属Mies。再将这两句话表述的内

51、容与四个选项比照，我们发现选项 D. It had a great influence upon American architecture 符合第三句的内容，为本题答案。(3) .Mies held that elegance of architectural design.A.was related to large spaceB.was identified with emptinessC.was not reliant on abundant decorationVD.was not associated with efficiency本题信息点是elegance of archite

52、ctural design ，并且限定了Mies 的观点。在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点出现在第四段第一句Mies s signature phrase means that less decoration ， properlyorganized ， has more impacts than a lot 和第二句Elegance ， he believed ， did not dedve from abundance，大意为：Mies 的特别言论意味着轻装饰，重安排，这对许多人产生了巨大的影响。并且，他认为富丽并不带来优雅。根据上下文，这里abundance 显然指大量的decorat

53、ion 。由此可见选项C was not reliant onabundant decoration 符合文章语意，为本题答案。(4) .What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago"s Lake Shore Drive?A.They ignored details and proportions.B.They were built with materials popular at that time.C.They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D.The

54、y shared some characteristics of abstract art.V本题信息点是the apartments Mies built on Chicago s Lake Shore Drive 。在文章中查找该信息点时我们发现第五段的两句话都与该信息点相关，第一句话是The apartments in the elegant towers Miesbuilt on Chicago s Lake Shore Drive ， for example ， were smaller two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet than t

55、hose in their older neighbors along the city s Gold Coast 大意为：Mies建造在芝加哥的公寓比周围的旧房子更小；第二句话是they were popular because of their airy glasswalls ， the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings details and proportions thearchitectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time，大意为：

56、这些公寓之所以受欢迎是因为其轻薄的玻璃墙壁、周围的景致极其优美的细节比例，这些建筑风格相当于当时身为流行的抽象艺术。将以上信息与四个选项比对，我们得知选项D They shared some characteristics ofabstractart 符合第二句话后半部分的内容，为本题答案。(5) .What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study Houses"?A.Mechanical devices were widely used.B.Natural sciences were taken into cons

57、ideration.VC.Details were sacrificed for the overall effects.D.Eco-friendly materials were employed.本题信息点是the design of the Case Study Houses 。该信息点分布在最后一段的各个句子中，第一句是 The“ Case Study Houses ” commissioned from talented modem architects by CaliforniaArts&Architecture magazine between 1 945 and 1 9

58、62 were yet another home grown influence on the“ less is more ” trend ，大意为：Case Study Houses 对“少就是多”趋势的影响产生于国内；第二句是Aestheric effect came from the landscape ， new materials and forthright detailing，大意为：审美效果来自于地形地貌、新材料和明了的细节设计。第三句是Inthis Case Study House， Ralph Rapson mayhave mispredicted just how the

59、 mechanical revolution would impact everyday life few Americanfamilies acquired helicopters ， though most eventually got clothes dryers but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared ，大意为：在Case Study Houses的设计中，Ralph Rapson 可能错误预计了自动化革命对人们日常生活的影响，但是他认为自给自足既是人们想要的也是不可避免的，这一理念得到了广泛的支持。由此可见，选项B 符合第二