张同德大学英语语法培训：五、不完全及物动词(第二版)

1、2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学五、不完全及物动词五、不完全及物动词通用句型为：通用句型为： 主语主语+不完全及物动词不完全及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 这个句型中有时用这个句型中有时用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在后面，构成复合宾语，宾语也可以是不语放在后面，构成复合宾语，宾语也可以是不定式或从句。定式或从句。 “宾语补足语宾语补足语”的用法小结的用法小结o 宾语补足语宾语补足语是对宾语成分的信息补充，是对宾语成分的信息补充，进一步说明进一步说明宾语所表示的人或物所实施宾语所表示的人或物所实施的动作行为，或者说明宾语的状态特征的动作行为

2、，或者说明宾语的状态特征等。也可以把等。也可以把宾语和宾语补足语理解为宾语和宾语补足语理解为及物动词的及物动词的复合宾语。复合宾语。o 宾语补足语多由名词、形容词、副词、不定宾语补足语多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。式，动名词和分词充当。o 请观摩下列例句：请观摩下列例句：2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o 1. They made Jackie Chen spokesman of their product. (名词短语作宾补名词短语作宾补)o 2. I find it difficult to raise the money.（不定式）（不定式）o 3

3、. Ill ask her out tomorrow evening.（副词作宾补副词作宾补）o 4. Through the window, I could see the rain coming down in sheets.（现在分词作宾补）（现在分词作宾补）o 5. Really good advertising persuades people to behave in certain ways.o 6. She is going to have the novel translated.o 7. His speech left the president in an awkward

4、 situation.（介词短语作宾补）（介词短语作宾补）o 8. He pushed the door open.(形容词作宾补形容词作宾补)2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学补充：以补充：以as连接形容词、名词作宾补连接形容词、名词作宾补o 这类动词有这类动词有regard, think of, see, describe, treat, elect, appoint, nominate(提名提名)。例：。例：o We regarded him as a friend.o We regarded him as frien

5、dly.o They appointed him as chairman.o We saw this accident as a tragedy.o He treated me as a stranger.o I selected English as a minor.在阅读中学习该句型在阅读中学习该句型o Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scient

6、ific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.o Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends of environment changes may be spotted before they show up

7、 to the north. 2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学通常可以带宾语补足语的动词通常可以带宾语补足语的动词o 一、感官动词一、感官动词o 这类动词所接的宾语补足语有两种形式，即现这类动词所接的宾语补足语有两种形式，即现在分词或动词原形。在分词或动词原形。o I saw him _ (cross) the road.o 但当这些词用于但当这些词用于被动语态被动语态时，不定式要带时，不定式要带too He was seen _ (cross) the road.2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学cross/crossingto cross/ cross

8、ing2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o 二、使役动词二、使役动词o 常用的有常用的有let, have, get, makeo I have had my bike _ (repair), and Im going to have my brother _ (repair) my radio tomorrow.o We made him our monitor. 比较下面两个句子比较下面两个句子o They have made me president of the university.o They have made me a nice chair.repairedr

9、epair直接宾语直接宾语2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o 三、含命名或选举意义的动词三、含命名或选举意义的动词（call, name, elect, appoint, choose, consider），），所接的宾补一般是所接的宾补一般是名词，并且充当宾语补足语的名词如果表示正式名词，并且充当宾语补足语的名词如果表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。词。o They elected John chairman of the committee.o He called his website Lovely Lil

10、y.2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o 现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主主谓关系谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系动宾关系，宾语，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，比较：是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，比较：o He saw an old man getting on the bus.o I once heard this song sung in Japanese.o I dont want the c

11、hildren taken out in such weather.2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o 宾语补足语结构变为被动结构时，宾语补足语就成宾语补足语结构变为被动结构时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，如：了主语补足语，如：o We were kept waiting for quite a long time.o She was never heard singing that song again.o One of the glasses was found broken. o We left the meeting convinced that the proje

12、ct was feasible.o He entered the office still annoyed by the way she had spoken to him.2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学The Usage of “FIND”o “Find+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”结构中结构中,宾补可以是是名词、形宾补可以是是名词、形容词、分词，且宾语常放在主语的位置使整个结构容词、分词，且宾语常放在主语的位置使整个结构变为主语补足语。如变为主语补足语。如:o A whale was found washed up on the shore.o 当宾语的结构太长时往往用形式宾

13、语当宾语的结构太长时往往用形式宾语it来替代。来替代。o You may find it hard to accept her death.o I find it amazing that theyre still together despite their wide divergence in politics.o 句型句型 “only to find”置于主句后面表置于主句后面表“意外结果意外结果”2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学Find in sb. “在中得到”o I found a friend in a supposed enemy.o 我原先假定的敌人成了我

14、的朋友。我原先假定的敌人成了我的朋友。o Columbus found a warm supporter in Queen Isabella.o 哥伦布得到了伊萨贝拉的热心赞助。哥伦布得到了伊萨贝拉的热心赞助。o Haden finds brothers in thieves and murderers.o 黑登把小偷和杀人犯视为兄弟。黑登把小偷和杀人犯视为兄弟。o We find victory in defeat.2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学Find oneself+Find oneself+宾补宾补( (分词分词/ /介词短语介词短语) )o 这个句型表达的意思是

15、主语在不知不觉中认识到自这个句型表达的意思是主语在不知不觉中认识到自己发现处在一种怎样的状态。己发现处在一种怎样的状态。Find在这个句型中不在这个句型中不是是“发现发现”的意思而是的意思而是“觉得，意识到觉得，意识到”的意思。的意思。o When she came to, she found herself in a hospital.o The criticism threw a new light on the novel and the students found themselves reading it with fresh eyes.o When he turned the c

16、orner, he found himself tailed by a man in black.o Once or twice I found myself doubting my own judgment.2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学More exampleso She returned to England to find herself famous.o 回到英国，她意识到自己成名了。回到英国，她意识到自己成名了。o She found herself a mother at fifteen.o 她十五岁就当妈妈了。她十五岁就当妈妈了。o How could a

17、nyone find pleasure in hunting and killing this beautiful creature?（感受到）（感受到）o I was too tired and frightened to find comfort in that familiar promise.（感受到）（感受到）2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学识记：与识记：与findfind搭配的短语搭配的短语o Find ones way to/into（自然而然地）进入，浸（自然而然地）进入，浸入，渗入入，渗入o Rivers find their way into sea.

18、河流入海。河流入海。o Most of the money raised will find its way to the people in need.o A winding road finds its way to a shabby house.o Negative attitude towards life may find its way into your physical health.o 对生活的悲观态度会影响到一个人的身体健康。对生活的悲观态度会影响到一个人的身体健康。2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o Find fault with sb. /sth.评

19、头论足评头论足o Learners generally perceive the learning on the system effective, and they find fault with the learning system in that it lacks precise and sufficient feedback and is in need of providing more opportunity for interaction. o 学习者普遍认为使用学习系统的学习是有效学习者普遍认为使用学习系统的学习是有效的的,但是认为学习系统也存在诸如反馈不充但是认为学习系统也

20、存在诸如反馈不充分、不准确以及缺乏交流机会等问题分、不准确以及缺乏交流机会等问题 。2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o Find用在法律语境下表示用在法律语境下表示“裁决，判决裁决，判决”之意。之意。o The jury found him guilty of manslaughter.o 陪审团裁定他杀人罪名成立。陪审团裁定他杀人罪名成立。o The court found in her favor.o 法庭判决对她有利。法庭判决对她有利。2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学Exerciseso 他感到很

21、难满足他们的需求。他感到很难满足他们的需求。o He found it difficult to satisfy their needs.o 她被当选为模范工人。她被当选为模范工人。o She was elected/chosen a model worker.o 他把书摆放整齐。他把书摆放整齐。o He put his books in order.o 他极力劝告他的妻子不要去参加那个聚会。他极力劝告他的妻子不要去参加那个聚会。o He tried to talk her wife out of attending that party.o 本句有个句型需要掌握：动词本句有个句型需要掌握：动

22、词+宾语宾语+into doing sth.句型：动词句型：动词+宾语宾语+into doing sth.o 一、表示一、表示“说服说服”、“劝说劝说”、“激励激励”、“激起激起”、“激怒激怒”意义的动词，如意义的动词，如talk/argue/persuade/reason/ sting/urge/prod/provokeo They argued him into tolerating his complaint.o Let me try to reason him into joining us.o How can we persuade him into taking risks?o Her persistent questions finally goaded him into replying angrily.o He urged me into taking actions against conflicts.o Their taunts stung him into quarrelling.2013-11-24制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学o 二、表示二、表示“恐吓恐吓”、“威胁威胁”、“强迫强迫”等含义等含