unit 4 Global warming- language points

1、 Language points 1. consume vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完 consumer n. 消费者，顾客消费者，顾客 consumption n. 消费消费(量量)；消耗；消耗(量量) time-consuming adj. 耗时的，费时的耗时的，费时的 (1) When you buy goods from a particular shop or company, you are one of its _. (2) Each year Americans _ a high percentage of the worlds energy. (3)Th

2、e laws have led to a reduction in fuel _ in the US. (4)Its just very _ to get such a large quantity of data.consumersconsumeconsumptiontime-consuming2. It is a rapid increase when (it is) compared to other natural changes. compare vt. 比较比较; 对比对比(1)compare.with/to. 把把与与比较比较(2)compare.to. 把把比作比作My han

3、dwriting can not be compared with my fathers.Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.(1)He _(把她比作玫把她比作玫瑰瑰)(2)He_ (拿他的相机与我的比较拿他的相机与我的比较)(3) _ (与与40年年前相比前相比)，standards in health care have improved pared her to a rosecompared his camera with/to mineCompared to/with 40 years agocome about: 发生发生, 造成造成,

4、 相当于相当于happenWith the use of electricity, great changes have come about. 随着电的使用随着电的使用, 种种大变化发生了。种种大变化发生了。_that he had his leg hurt? 他的腿伤着了，这他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的是怎么发生的？3. So how has this come about and does it matter?How did it come about 4. 考点考点1 There is no doubt that .是固定是固定句型句型, 意为意为“毫无疑问毫无疑问”, that引导的

5、引导的是同位语从句，用来进一步说明是同位语从句，用来进一步说明doubt的具体内容。的具体内容。考点考点2 it is . that .构成强调句型构成强调句型, 强调强调的是主语的是主语human activity。强调句型可。强调句型可强调主语、宾语或状语。如：强调主语、宾语或状语。如：It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. (重庆重庆2007)A. which B. itC. that D. this 解析解析: 将将it is和和that去掉后去掉后, 此句成为此句成为Not who is right b

6、ut what is right is of importance, 句子完整句子完整, 故此题是一个故此题是一个强调句型。强调句型。B5. random adj. 胡乱的；任意的胡乱的；任意的 Because he was not listening, he made a random answer to the teachers question. 由于他没听讲，他对老师的问题乱答一通。由于他没听讲，他对老师的问题乱答一通。拓展：拓展： at random= randomly adv. 随机地，任意地随机地，任意地6. phenomenon n. 现象现象eg: 雨雪是天气现象。雨雪是天气

7、现象。Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.eg: 不应该简单地视未婚妈妈为一种社会现象。不应该简单地视未婚妈妈为一种社会现象。Unmarried mothers should not be regarded simply as_.pl. phenomena a social phenomenon 7. subscribe toWe subscribe to all the main medical magazines. 我们我们订阅订阅所有主要的医学杂志。所有主要的医学杂志。He subscribes to the view that chil

8、dren benefit from being independent. 他他赞同赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。He subscribed his name to the contract(合同合同). 他在合同上他在合同上签名签名。He has subscribed much money to the flooded area. 他向洪水灾区他向洪水灾区捐捐了大量的钱。了大量的钱。8. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one o

9、f which is carbon dioxide. 在这个过程中所产生的一些副产品就叫做在这个过程中所产生的一些副产品就叫做“温室温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。 the most important one of which引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，是，是“介词介词(短语短语)+关系代关系代词词”形式，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行形式，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开。出于表达需要，介词前可出词用逗号分开。出于表达需要，介词前可出现现名词、代词或数词名词、代词或数词修关系代词。修关系代词。 Many people came,

10、 5 of whom were kids. 很多人来了，很多人来了，其中五个其中五个是小孩。是小孩。 He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, _ hadnt been cleaned for at least one year. 他支付给男孩他支付给男孩10美元，作为他擦了美元，作为他擦了10块玻璃的费用。其块玻璃的费用。其中，中，大部分玻璃大部分玻璃已经至少一年没有擦了。已经至少一年没有擦了。 Some good learning methods should be adopted to improve your study,

11、_ is to discuss with your classmates.其中其中最有效的方法之一最有效的方法之一是和你的同学进行讨论。是和你的同学进行讨论。most of which the most effectiveone of which 9. Without the green house effect, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 如果没有温室效应如果没有温室效应, 地球会比现在冷地球会比现在冷33。 这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句。这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句。 有时假设的情况

12、并不以条件从句形式表示有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示 出来出来, 而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式 表示。常用的词或短语有表示。常用的词或短语有: without, but for, otherwise, or等。等。 e.g. Without your help ( = If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded要是没有你的帮助要是没有你的帮助, 我们是不会成功的。我们是不会成功的。He felt very tired yesterday, or he wouldhave attende

13、d the party他昨天很累他昨天很累, 不然他就参加那个聚会了。不然他就参加那个聚会了。10. quantity n. 数量数量; 量量用法归纳用法归纳: a quantity of =quantities of 大量的大量的a large/small quantity of =large/small quantities of “大量的大量的/少量的少量的”There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩下少量的水。瓶子里还剩下少量的水。She has quantities of clothes.她有许多衣服。她有

14、许多衣服。 My brother bought _ (大量的书大量的书)a large quantity of books特别提示特别提示a quantity of 和和quantities of都可接都可接不可数名词不可数名词或或可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式。但当但当a quantity of修饰名词作主语时修饰名词作主语时, 谓语动词谓语动词用用单数单数; 而而quantities of修饰名词作主语时，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。Huge quantities of oil _(be) shipped to Japan last year. 去年大量的石油被海

15、运到日本。去年大量的石油被海运到日本。were 根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。1. Large quantities of beer _ (已被售出已被售出) in this shop.2. _ _ (大量的学生大量的学生) crowded into the library.have been soldQuantities of / A quantity of studentsresult in11. tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾，护理照顾，护理tendency n. 趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 The old t

16、end to believe strangers easily. 老人更易于相信陌生人。老人更易于相信陌生人。 His views tend towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。他的观点趋于偏激。 She is tending (to) her disabled sister. 她在照顾残疾的姐姐。她在照顾残疾的姐姐。There is a _ among employers to hire casual staff. 雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。tendency 12. result in 结果结果; 致使致使; 导致导致 (lead t

17、o) result from 起于起于, 由于由于, 由由引起引起 Acting before thinking always _. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。做事不先考虑总会导致失败。 The accident _ the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。这场意外事故造成两人死亡。 他的病是由于吃的太多了。他的病是由于吃的太多了。 His illness results from eating too much.result in failuresresult in 13. On the other hand, there are those, like

18、George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面在另一方面, 还有一些人还有一些人, 对这一观点对这一观点持反对态度持反对态度, 像科学家乔治像科学家乔治 汉布利汉布利, 他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。的二氧化碳。oppose vt. 反对反对; 反抗反抗 opposed adj. 相反的，对立的相反的，对立的oppose sth./do

19、ing sth. 反对某事反对某事/做某事做某事be opposed to sth./doing sth. 反对某事反对某事/做某事做某事我反对改变这条规则。我反对改变这条规则。I oppose changing the rule. 他强烈反对这一计划。他强烈反对这一计划。He is strongly opposed to the plan.我反对在河边建造工厂。我反对在河边建造工厂。I am opposed to building a factory near the river.这个年轻人反对向他的父母求助。这个年轻人反对向他的父母求助。The young man opposed turn

20、ing to his parents for help.14. consequence n. 结果结果, 后果后果, 影响影响 face/accept the consequence 承担后果承担后果 in consequence = as a consequence 因此因此,结果结果 as a consequence of 由于由于的缘故的缘故nHe broke the law, and now he must _ of his actions. nIt rained yesterday and _/n_ the match was canceled. nShe lives in Fran

21、ce, and _ _ speaks French fluently.nHe died _ his severe injury.face the consequences/ as a consequenceas a consequence of in consequencein consequence/ as a consequence(1) in a/an . state 处于处于的状态的状态(2) staten./that-clause /wh-clause 声明声明,说明说明(3) statement n. 陈述，叙述；声明陈述，叙述；声明 stated adj. 指定的，预定的，宣布的

22、指定的，预定的，宣布的 stateless adj. 无国籍的无国籍的He has stated his support for the policy.By the time she got home, she was in a terrible state. 15. state n. 州，政府，形势，状态州，政府，形势，状态 v. 陈述，说明陈述，说明(1)The roads are _(路况极差) after the severe winter weather.(2)_(据宣布)that all the people in the accident were killed.(3) 这个证人

23、这个证人说说他以前从未见过这个女人。他以前从未见过这个女人。The witness stated that he had never seen the woman before.in a terrible stateIt is stated 16. range n. 种类；范围种类；范围 a wide range of 一系列 in/within range 在射程以内，在范围内 beyond/out of range 在射程外，在范围外 out of ones range 某人能力达不到的，知识以外的 The hotel offers a wide range of facilities a

24、nd services. 酒店提供一系列设施和服务。酒店提供一系列设施和服务。 The children turned their cameras on anyone in range. 孩子们把照相机对准出现在视野内的随便什么人。孩子们把照相机对准出现在视野内的随便什么人。平均价格：平均价格：an average price 地球的平均温度：地球的平均温度：the average temperature of the earthon average 平均地；通常；按平均值平均地；通常；按平均值above/below (the) average 高于高于/低于平均水平低于平均水平17. ave

25、rage adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的 n 平均数；平均水平平均数；平均水平 (1) His living standard is _ (低于一般水平低于一般水平)(2) _ in this class(这个这个 班级男生的平均年龄班级男生的平均年龄)is fifteen.(3) 400 people die of this disease _. 平均每年有平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。人死于这种疾病。below averageThe average age of the boys on average18. existence n. U存在；生存存在

26、；生存【原句原句】Low-lying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels.位于低地的国家感到他们的生存面临来自海平面不位于低地的国家感到他们的生存面临来自海平面不断上升的危险。断上升的危险。exist vi. 存在，出现存在，出现existing adj. 现存的，现行的现存的，现行的existent adj. 存在的，实有的存在的，实有的(较正式较正式) The union exists in oder to protect your interests. 工会存在的目的是为了维护大家

27、的利益。工会存在的目的是为了维护大家的利益。_ needs to be changed. (现行的制度现行的制度)The existing system This is the oldest vase in existence. 这是现存的最古老的花瓶。这是现存的最古老的花瓶。 Pakistan _ as an independent country after the war. 巴基斯坦在战后就作为一个独立国家存在了。巴基斯坦在战后就作为一个独立国家存在了。came into existence1. A large q_ of rice is badly needed here.2. Stu

28、dents are from a wide r_ of backgrounds.3. She studied hard, and in c_ she passed the exam.4. The park attracts 4 million visitors p_ year.uantityangeonsequenceerI. 根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语 提示提示, 写出各单词的正确形式。写出各单词的正确形式。5. What sort of _ (燃料燃料) do these machines need?6. The _ (数据数据) is still b

29、eing analysed. So dont be so worried.7. The earthquake was a terrible _ (大灾难大灾难).8. A rainbow is a natural _ (现象现象) especially after a heavy rain.10. The _ (曲线图曲线图) of export indicates a new success of the company.graphfuel data catastrophephenomenonII.根据句意根据句意, 选择适当的单词或短语填空选择适当的单词或短语填空1. quantity;

30、quality a. Much of the land was of poor _.b. Buy vegetables in small _, for your immediate use.2. result in; result froma. The accident _ the death of three people.b. His failure _ not working hard enough.qualityquantitiesresulted inresulted from1. It was very late, but they went on working.It was very late, but they _ _ working.2.