《合同法》司法解释(一)中英文对照

1、Interpretations The Supreme People's Court of Certain Issues concerning The Applicationof The Contract Law of The People's Republic of China（Part One）最高人民法院公告最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国 合同法若干问题的解释（一）已于1 9 9 9 年12月1日由最高人民法院审判委员会第 1 0 9 0次会议通过，现予公布，自1 9 9 9 年1 2月2 9日起施行。December 29, 1999-九九九年十二月十九日Inter

2、pretations The Supreme People's Court of最高人民法院关于适用 中华人民共和国合同 Certain Issues concerning The Application of 法若干问题的解释（） The Contract Law of The People's Republic of China（Part One）FaShi 1999 No.19法释（ 1999） 19 号"The Supreme People''s Court's Interpretations （1999 年 12 月 1 日最高人民法

3、院审判委员会 of Certain Issues Concerning the Application of 第 1090 次会议通过）为了正确审理合同纠纷 the Contract Law of the People''s Republic of案件，根据中华人民共和国合同法（以下China（part One）" is adopted at the 1090th简称合同法）的规定，对人民法院适用合同法 Session of the Adjudication Committee of the 的有关问题作出如下解释：Supreme People''s

4、Court on December 1, and is promulgated now, this law will be effective as of December 29,1999. Pursuant to The Contract Law of the People''s Republic of China （hereinafter the "Contract Law"）, and with a view to facilitating the proper adjudication of contractual disputes, we here

5、by promulgate the following interpretations of certain issues concerning the application of the Contract Law by People''s Courts:I. Scope of Application of the Law一、法律运用范围Article 1 Where a suit is brought to a People''s第一条 合同法实施以后成立的合同发生纠纷 Court in respect of a dispute arising out of

6、 a 起诉到人民法院的，适用合同法的规定； 合同 contract formed after the operative date of the法实施以前成立的合同发生纠纷起诉到人民 Contract Law, the provisions of the Contract法院的，除本解释另有规定的以外，适用当时Law shall apply; where a suit is brought to a的法律规定，当时没有法律规定的，可以适用People''s Court in respect of a dispute concernin资同法的有关规定。 a contract f

7、ormed before the operative date of the Contract Law, except otherwise provided herein, the provisions of the law in effect at the time shall apply, provided that if the law in effect at the time did not provide for such matter, the relevant provision of the Contract Law may apply.Article 2 Where a c

8、ontract was formed before第二条 合同成立于合同法实施之前，但合同 the operative date of the Contract Law, but the约定的履行期限跨越合同法实施之日或者履 prescribed time limit for performance extends 行期限在合同法实施之后，因履行合同发生的beyond, or commences after, the operative date 纠纷， 适用合同法第四章的有关规定。 of the Contract Law, if a dispute arises out of its per

9、formance, the relevant provisions of Chapter Four of the Contract Law shall apply.Article 3 In determining the validity of a contract第三条 人民法院确认合同效力时，对合同法 formed before the operative date of the Contract实施以前成立的合同，适用当时的法律合同无 Law, if application of the law in effect at the效而适用合同法合同有效的，则适用合同法。 time lead

10、s to its invalidation, but application of the Contract Law leads to affirmation of itsvalidity, the People''s Court shall apply the Contract Law.Article 4 After the Contract Law became第四条合同法实施以后，人民法院确认合同 operative, a People''s Court may only invalidate无效，应当以全国人大及其常委会制定的法律 a contract

11、in accordance with laws adopted by和国务院制定的行政法规为依据，不得以地方the National People''s Congress or its Standing 性法规、行政规章为依据。 Committee, or administrative regulations adopted by the State Council, and may not invalidate a contract in accordance with any local statutes or administrative rules.Article 5

12、Where a People''s Court re-adjudicates第五条 人民法院对合同法实施以前已经作出 a case on which a final judgment has been终审裁决的案件进行再审，不适用合同法。 rendered, the Contract Law does not apply.II. Time Limit for Action二、诉讼时效Article 6 In a dispute arising out of a technology 第六条 技术合同争议当事人的权利受到侵害 contract, where infringemen

13、t of the right of a的事实发生在合同法实施之前，自当事人知道party occurred before the operative date of the或者应当知道其权利受到侵害之日起至合同 Contract Law, if there was a lapse of more than 法实施之日超过一年的，人民法院不予保护； one year between the date on which the party 尚未超过年的， 其提起诉讼的时效期间为二knew or should have known that its right was 年。infringed and

14、 the operative date of the Contract Law, the People''s Court will no longer enforce such right; where the lapse was less than one year, the time limit during which the party may bring a suit shall be two years.Article 7 In a dispute arising out of a technology第七条 技术进出口合同争议当事人的权利受 import/expo

15、rt contract, where infringement of 到侵害的事实发生在合同法实施之前，自当事the right of a party occurred before the operative 人知道或者应当知道其权禾受至U侵害之日起 date of the Contract Law, if there was a lapse of至合同法施行之日超过二年的，人民法院不予more than two years between the date on which 保护；尚未超过二年的， 具提起诉讼的时效期 the party knew or should have known

16、that its 可为四年。right was infringed and the operative date of the Contract Law, the People''s Court will no longer enforce such right; where the lapse was less than two years, the time limit during which the party may bring a suit shall be four years.Article 8 The time period of "one year

17、" set out in第八条 合同法第五十五条规定的年”、第Article 55, and the time period of "five years" set七十五条和第一百零四条第二款规定的五out in Article 75 and Paragraph 2 of Article 104 年”为不变期间，不适用诉讼时效中止。中断 of the Contract Law are fixed, and are not 或者延长的规定。subject to the rules governing the suspension, termination or ex

18、tension of time limit for action.III. Validity of Contracts三、合同效力Article 9 Where as set forth in Paragraph 2 of第九条 依照合同法第四十四条第二款的规 Article 44 of the Contract Law, the relevant law 定，法律、行政法规规定合同应当办理批准手 or administration regulation provides that the续，或者办理批准、登记等手续才生效，在一 effectiveness of a certain contr

19、act is subject to审法庭辩论终结前当事人仍未办理批准手续 completion of the relevant approval procedure,的，或者仍未办理批准、登记等手续的，人民 or the relevant approval and registration法院应当认定该合同未生效；法律、行政法规 procedures, if before completion of court debate 规定合同应当力、理登t己手续，但未规定登t己后by the parties in the trial of first instance, the生效的，当事人未办理登记

20、手续不影响合同的 parties still fail to carry out the relevant approval效力，合同标的物所有权及其他物权不能转 procedure, or approval and registration移）合同法第七十七条第二款、第八十七条、 procedures, as the case may be, the People''s第九十六条第二款所列合同变更、转让、解除Court shall rule that the contract has not yet 等情形，依照前款规定处理。taken effect; if the rele

21、vant law or administration regulation requires that a certain contract be registered without subjecting its effectiveness to such registration, then failure to effectregistration shall not impair the effectiveness of the contract, provided that such failure constitutes an impediment to the conveyanc

22、e of title to, or such other real right in, the subject matter of the contract.In the case of amendment, assignment or termination of a contract as set forth in Paragraph 2 of Article 77, Article 87, and Paragraph 2 of Article 96 of the Contract Law, the provisions of the previous Paragraph apply.Ar

23、ticle 10 Where the parties entered into a第十条 当事人超越经营范围订立合同，人民 contract the subject matter of which was outside法院不因此认定合同无效。但违反国家限制经their scope of business, the People''s Court shall营、特许经营以及法律。行政法规禁止经营规 not invalidate the contract on such ground,定的除外。 except where conclusion of the contract wa

24、s in violation of state restriction concerning, or licensing requirement for, a particular business sector, or in violation of any law or administrative regulation prohibiting the parties from participation in a particular business sector.IV. Subrogation四、代位权Article 11 Where an obligee is to bring a

25、 suit of 第H一条 债权人依照合同法第七十三条的规 subrogation pursuant to Article 73 of the定提起代位权诉讼，应当符合下列条件： Contract Law, the following conditions shall be met:(1) The obligee''s creditor's right against the (一)债权人对债务人的债权合法； obligor is lawful;(2) The obligor''s delay in exercising the (二)债务人怠于行使其到

26、期债权，对债 creditor's right due to it has caused harm to the 权人造成损害； obligee;(3) The creditor''s right of the obligor is due;(三)债务人的债权已到期；(4) The creditor''s right of the obligor is not (四)债务人的债权不是专属于债务人自 exclusively personal to it.身的债权。Article 12 As referred to in Paragraph 1 of第十二条

27、合同法第七十三条第一款规定的专 Article 73, a creditor''s right exclusively personal属于债务人自身的债权，是指基于扶养关系、 to the obligor means a claim for alimony, child抚养关系、赡养关系、继承关系产生的给忖请 support, parental support or succession, or, a 求权和劳动报酬、退休金、养老金、抚恤金。 claim for wage, retirement pension, old age安置费、人寿保险、人身伤害赔偿请求权等权pens

28、ion, death benefits, relocation allowance or 利J。 life insurance, or, a personal injury claim.Article 13 The article "Where the obligor第十三条 合同法第七十三条规定的债务人delayed in exercising its creditor's right against a怠于行使其到期债权，对债权人造成损害的”, third person that was due, thereby harming the是指债务人不履行其对债权人的到期债务

29、，又obligee" in Article 73 of the Contract Law refers不以诉讼方式或者仲裁方式向其债务人主张 to the following circumstance: The obligor fails 其享有的具有金钱给付内容的到期债权，致使to render performance which is due to the债权人的到期债权未能实现。次债务人(即债obligee, and further, it has failed to enforce a务人的债务人)不认为债务人有怠于行使其到 creditor's right whic

30、h is due to it and which期债权情况的，应当承担举证责任。 involves the payment of money against an obligor either through a suit in court or through arbitration, thereby frustrating the obligee''s realization of the creditor''s right due to it.Where the secondary obligor (i.e. the obligor of the orig

31、inal obligor) denies that the obligor has delayed in exercising its creditor''s right due to it, the secondary obligor bears the burden of proof.Article 14 Where an obligee brings a suit of第十四条 债权人依照合同法第七十三条的规 subrogation pursuant to Article 73 of the定提起代位权诉讼的，由被告住所地人民法院 Contract Law, jurisd

32、iction shall vest in the 管辖。People''s Court in the place where the defendant is domiciled.Article 15 Where after bringing a suit against an第十五条 债权人向人民法院起诉债务人以 obligor to a People''s Court, an obligee brings a后，又向同一人民法院对次债务人提起代位权 suit of subrogation against a secondary obligor 诉讼， 符合本

33、解释第十三条的规定和中华人to the same court, if such suit complies with the 民共和国民事诉讼法第一百零八条规定的provisions of Article 13 hereof as well as the起诉条件的，应当立案受理；不符合本解释第 conditions for bringing a suit set forth in Article 十三条规定的，告知债权人向次债务人住所地 108 of the Civil Procedural Law of the People''s 人民法院另行起诉。受理代位权诉讼的人民法 R

34、epublic of China, the court shall accept such院在债权人起诉债务人的诉讼裁决发生法律 suit; where such suit does not comply with效力以前，应当依照中华人民共和国民事诉 Article 13 hereof, the court shall direct the讼法第一百三十六条第(五)项的规定中止 obligee to bring a separatesuit to the People''s 代位权诉讼。Court in the place where the secondary obligo

35、r is domiciled.Before judgment on the suit brought by the obligee against the obligor takes legal effect, the People''s Court adjudicating the suit of subrogation against the secondary obligor shall stay such suit in accordance with Item (5) of Article 136 of the Civil Procedural Law of theP

36、eople''s Republic of China.Article 16 Where in a suit of subrogation第十六条债权人以次债务人为被告向人民法 brought to a People”s Court, an obligee names院提起代位权诉讼，未将债务人列为第三人 only the secondary obligor as the defendant的，人民法院可以追加债务人为第三人。两个without also naming the original obligor as an 或者两个以上债权人以同一次债务人为被告 intereste

37、d third person, the People''s Court may提起代位权诉讼的，人民法院可以合并审理。 add the original obligor as an interested third person.Where in suits of subrogation brought separately by two or more obligees, the same secondary obligor is named as the defendant, the People''s Court may combine the suits

38、 for adjudication.Article 17 In a suit of subrogation, if the obligee 第十七条 在代位权诉讼中，债权人请求人民 petitions the People''s Court for preservative法院对次债务人的财产采取保全措施的，应当measure against the assets of the secondary 提供相应的贝才产担保。 obligor, it shall provide appropriate financial assurance.Article 18 In a suit

39、of subrogation, the secondary第十八条 在代位权诉讼中，次债务人对债务 obligor may, in respect of the obligee, avail itself人的抗辩，可以向债权人主张。债务人在代位 of any defense it has against the original obligor.权诉讼中对债权人的债权提出异议,经审查异In a suit of subrogation, where the obligor raises 议成立的， 人民法院应当裁定驳回债权人的起 a defense against the obligee'

40、;'s claim, if the 诉。 People''s Court affirms the defense, it shall dismiss the suit brought by the obligee.Article 19 In a suit of subrogation, if the obligee 第十九条 在代位权诉讼中，债权人胜诉的， prevails, the court fee shall be borne by the诉讼费由次债务人负担，从实现的债权中优先 secondary obligor, and shall be paid in pr

41、iority 支付。 out of the proceeds from the enforced creditor''s right.Article 20 Where an obligee brings a suit of第二十条 债权人向次债务人提起的代位权诉 subrogation against a secondary obligor, and the讼经人民法院审理后认定代位权成立的，由次People''s Court affirms the subrogation, the债务人向债权人履行清偿义务，债权人与债务secondary obligor sh

42、all perform the payment人、债务人与次债务人之间相应的债权债务关 obligation, whereupon the respective 系即予消灭。 obligee-obligor relationships between the obligee and the obligor, and between the obligor and the secondary obligor, are discharged accordingly.Article 21 In a suit of subrogation, where the第二H一条 在代位权诉讼中，债权人行使代a

43、mount in subrogation claimed by the obligee位权的请求数额超过债务人所负债务额或者 exceedsthe amount owed by the obligor or the超过次债务人对债务人所负债务额的，对超出amount owed to the obligor by the secondary 部分人民法院不予支持。obligor, the People''s Court shall not enforce the claim to the extent the claimed amount exceeds the actual a

44、mount.Article 22 In a suit of subrogation, if the obligor 第二十二条 债务人在代位权诉讼中，对超过 also brings a claim against the secondary obligor债权人代位请求数额的债权部分起诉次债务 for the difference between the amount owed to it人的，人民法院应当告之其向有管辖权的人民 and the amount in subrogation claimed by the法院另行起诉。债务人的起诉符合法定条件 obligee, the People

45、”s Court shall direct the的，人民法院应当受理；受理债务人起诉的人 obligor to bring a separate suit to the People''s民法院在代位权诉讼裁决发生法律效力以前， Court with the proper jurisdiction.Where such 应当依法中止。 suit brought separately by the obligor meets the legally prescribed conditions, the People's Court shall accept such s

46、uit; the People''s Court accepting the suit brought by the obligor shall stay such suit in accordance with the law pending the legal effectiveness of the judgment on the suit of subrogation.V. Cancellation Right五、撤销权Article 23 Where an obligee brings a suit to第二十三条 债权人依照合同法第七十四条的 enforce its

47、 cancellation right pursuant to Article 规定提起撤销权诉讼的，由被告住所地人民法74 of the Contract Law, jurisdiction shall vest in 院管辖。the People''s Court in the place where the defendant is domiciled.Article 24 If in a suit to enforce its cancellation 第二十四条 债权人依照合同法第七十四条的 right pursuant to Article 74 of the Co

48、ntract Law,规定提起撤销权诉讼时只以债务人为被告，未the obligee only names the obligor as the将受益人或者受让人列为第三人的，人民法院defendant without also naming the beneficiary or可以追力口该受益人或者受让人为第三人。 the assignee as an interested third person, the People''s Court may add such beneficiary or assignee as an interested third person.A

49、rticle 25 Where an obligee brings a suit to第二十五条 债权人依照合同法第七十四条的 enforce its cancellation right pursuant to Article 规定提起撤销权诉讼，请求人民法院撤销债务 74 of the Contract Law and petitions the人放弃债权或转让财产的行为，人民法院应当People''s Court for cancellation of the obligor''s就债权人主张的部分进行审理，依法撤销的， act of waiving it

50、s creditor''s right or transferring 该行为自始无效。两个或者两个以上债权人以 its property, the People''s Court shall adjudicate同一债务人为被告，就同一标的提起撤销权诉 the case to the extent of the amount claimed by 讼的，人民法院可以合并审理。the obligee, and if the obligor's act is canceled in accordance with the law, such act is

51、of no effect.Where suits on the same subject matter are filed separately by two or more obligees to enforce their respective cancellation rights, and the same obligor is named as the defendant, the People''s Court may combine the suits for adjudication.Article 26 The necessary expensesincurr

52、ed by第二十六条 债权人行使撤销权所支付的律师 the obligee in enforcing its cancellation right,代理费。差旅费等必要费用，由债务人负担； such as attorney''s fee and travel expenses, shall第三人有过错的， 应当适当分担。 be borne by the obligor; where the interested third person was also at fault, it shall share such expenses as appropriate.VI. Inte

53、rested Third Person in Case of 六、合同转让中的第三人 Assignment of ContractsArticle 27 If subsequent to the obligee''s第二十七条 债权人转让合同权利后，债务人 assignment of its contractual right, a suit is与受让人之间因履行合同发生纠纷诉至人民 brought to a People''s Court in respect of a法院，债务人对债权人的权利提出抗辩的，可dispute between the obligor and the assignee 以将债权人歹U为第三人。 which arose from the performance of the contract, and the obligor raises a defense against the contractual right of the obligee, it