2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词意猜测类解题技巧及典例剖析

1、2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 词义猜测类解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式：I.The word""refers to/probably means.2 . The underlined word ""could best be replaced by_.3 .What does the expression""stand for?4 .By saying""we mean.5 .""as used in the passage can best be defi

2、ned as -6 .Which of the following words can take the place of theword""？二、词义猜测题是指利用语境（上下文）推测、判断某些生词词义的题。在近几年的高考阅读试题中词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一项阅读技巧，主要考查考生根据上下文推断单词意思的能力。因此，所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围一一超纲词义含义推断、熟词生义或熟词在特定语境中的意思。词义猜测题常考查对句中关键性词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。三、【解题流程】J原则”、匚关注"谏解词义猜测题一原则结合上下文词义猜测题所提问的单

3、词、词组或句子一般都是考生不认识的，即使认识，正确答案也未必是熟悉的含义。这种题目目的就是希望考生能结合上下文，来理解不认识的单词、词组或句子。二关注关注并列转折部分这是做词义猜测题的一大利器。因为由并列转折连接的两部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。所以如果有一个单词不认识，就可以在与其并列或转折部分的信息中找对应信息。关注解释说明部分分析试题可以发现，其实出题者在出一些词义猜测题的时候也是动了侧隐之心的。会在晦涩难懂的信息附近存在一个解释说明部分，解释说明部分的标志有逗号、冒号、倒计时、破折号、双引号等。1.but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/w hereas

4、/other-wise/orelse/unlike/in-stead/rathercontrast/comparedto/on(contrary/on the other handto be defined as/to becalled/that is to be/tothan/by the、mean/to refer to/that is(to say)/in other 对比关系转折关系典例1(2017福建省高中毕业班质检)If you need to spend time on the road, it's important to find ways to keep safe

5、on your feet.Don't suppose it's our right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a dis tracted drive, or a cyclist with a loose sense of trafficrules, sc you could still get hurt. Y

6、ou can be in the right legally, but that won't be much help when you're in thehospital.Q:What does the underlined word "distracted" in Para-graph 2 mean?A. Considerate.B. Strange.C. Kind-hearted .D. Absent-minded解题思路dis-是常见前缀，表示 分开；分离；去掉；否定；消失掉 ”。dis分开，分离，去掉+tract拉一把（心）拉开 一 分心。故选 D

7、。也可根据画线词后的同义解释,or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules” 可知，此处的distracted 与"loose”呼应，由此可推知，有的驾驶员心不在焉。答案：D典例2（2013北京，A片段）The advanced EP also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly wi

8、th most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.Q: The underlined word "evenly" in Paragraph 4 probablyA. continuouslyB. separatelyC. quicklyD. equally解题思

9、路在本段中彳者将 EP加热器与其他加热器进行了比较。其他加热器只加热附近小片区域，而这款加热器能够把墙、门、天花板都加热，故画线词的词义为均匀地，平等地“，因此选 D 项。continuously 继续地；separately单独地，各自地； quickly 迅速地。答案：D典例3（2013福建，A片段）When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet（ 图章）ring.They were the "in" thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. On my 13th birthda

10、y, my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials（ 姓名首字母） carved into it. I was in heaven.Q: The underlined word "in" in the first paragraph probably means "".A. fashionableB. availableC. practicalD. renewable解题思路根据 and 后的.it seemed every girl except me had one.（除了我之外，似乎每个女孩都拥有一枚这

11、样的戒指）可推断出，图章戒指在当时是非常时髦的（fashionable）东西，故选 A 项。available 有效的，可得到的： practical实用的； renewable 可更新的，可再生的。答案：A典例4（2016全国n, C片段）There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating qualityis Orle-ans Reinette , but you'll need a warm , sheltere

12、d place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.Q:What does the underlined phrase "a pipe dream" in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.解题思路根据连接词so可知上下文之间存在着因果关系，故我们需要从上文中寻找答案。由上文中的“One

13、 of the verybest varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette , but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it." 可知，尽管 Orleans Reinette 是很好的品种，但是对各项条件的要求很高，因此大多数喜欢它的人 种植它的希望会落空。答案：B2.指代猜测题返回原文，找出指代词（it, they, them, this.）,确 定单复数、指人指物，主格宾格。向上（有时向下）搜索，找最近的名词、代词、 短语或句

14、子（就近原则）。f>将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看> 其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答L案。典例1（2016四川，C片段）His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supp

15、orting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.Q:What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?A. The modern French lifestyle.B. The

16、 self-supporting hunting.C. The uncivilized world.D. The French Republic.解题思路第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offeredby the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, bu

17、t also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语此处 which brings with it.意为 随之带来的有 ”。可知此处it即指前面的the lifestyle offered by the modernFrench Republic答案：A典例2（2016全国n, B片段）"My friend said: 'Now we believe your stories,'" Welty added . " And I said : Now you know . These

18、are the peoplethat make me write them.'"Q: The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD stories解题思路第一步找出代词所在语句These are the people that make me write them.第二步向上搜索，可找到复数名词stories和people,代入可知应为 stories。答案：D3.句意猜测题返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻

19、辑关系的 准确分析）r理解句子前后的语境，再合理推测，归纳总结正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英 语词汇或句式来表达。典例（2016江苏，D片段）But Shelly-Ann's victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the one of the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above

20、world's toughest criminal neighborhoods simply disappeared for a few days. "I have so much fire burning for my country ".Shelly said . She plans to start a foundation for homeless to build acommunity centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons . She intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world.As Muhammad Ali puts it, "Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep in-side them. A desire, a dream, a vision."One of the things Shelly-Ann can be