短文一、现在完成时

1、一、准备内容：1、两个较厚的本子：（1）抄短文、收集单词）抄短文、收集单词 （摘抄本）（摘抄本）（2）收录平时测验、考试、做练习的错题）收录平时测验、考试、做练习的错题 （错题本）（错题本）2、一本英语字典，不能是电子辞典二、上课内容：1、平时上课遇到不懂的地方或者练习不懂的地方提问与讲解2、小短文讲解（1）、短文中的生词讲解（2）、短文中出现的语法点讲解（3）、语法练习（4）、短文复习（练习、听写、背诵）三、课后：1、完成上课布置作业2、预习（1）单词：读音（音标）、词性、词意、理解例句、摘录例句（例子见后） （文章中不懂的单词有红笔划出来，再摘录到笔记本中）（2）熟读单词：要求不看音标也能

2、读，一看到单词就知道怎么读（2）翻译文章：在知道单词意思基础上，看懂文章，再翻译（3）熟读文章：要达到流利程度，读的过程不出错学英语靠的是勤奋！上课要求比较高，对你们预习和课后作业的完成度也比较高，受不了的或者无法完成这些要求的可以现在退出游戏，否则就要严格遵守游戏规则！ People often say that a dog is mans best friend. Over thousands of years, man has taught his dogs to do many kinds of work besides guarding the home. For example,

3、sheepdogs are famous for their ability to control a flock of hundreds of sheep. Dogs have been used to aid disabled people for centuries. A guide dog can lead its blind owner. Nowadays, dogs can be taught to turn on light switches, open refrigerator doors and dial the telephone for their disabled ow

4、ners. For the majority of people, however, dogs are simply pets and friends for both young and old members of the family.Part One: Vocabulary1.besides:除.之外（还有）eg. There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. 除约翰外, 还有我们五个人要一起吃饭. 除.之外（没有） No one writes to me besides you. 除你以外, 没有人给我写信. 而且，还有（=in

5、 addition） Peter is our youngest child, and （in addition）we(also) have three others besides. 彼得是我们最小的孩子, 我们另外还有三个孩子.2.guard / gd / v. 保卫，保护eg. A dragon guarded the treasure. 有条龙守护着财宝. 3.sheepdog：牧羊犬4.famous / fems / adj. 出名的，著名的eg. She is famous as a writer. 她是着名的作家.be famous for sth.eg. Germany is

6、famous for its beer. 德国以其啤酒驰名。5.ability / blt / n. 能力- abled v. eg. He has the ability to do the work. 他有做这项工作的能力.6.control / kntrul / v (-ll-) 控制，操纵，管理 ，支配eg. He controlled the country for over 50 years. 他统治该国达50多年之久。 I cant control myself, and I hit him. 我控制不住自己, 就打了他. 7.flock / flk / n 一群flock of

7、 sth.eg. a flock of wild geese 一群雁8.aid / ed / v&n. 帮助eg. with the aid of a friend 在朋友的帮助下9.disabled / dsebl d/ adj. 肢体有残疾的eg. a disabled child in a wheelchair 坐轮椅的残疾儿童10.century / sentr / n 世纪（100年）eg. at the turn of the century 在两个世纪之交（在一个世纪结束, 下一个世纪开始时）11.guide / gad; ad/ n 向导; （尤指）导游eg. I kn

8、ow the place well, so let me be your guide. 我熟悉那地方, 我来当你们的向导.12.lead / lid; lid/ v (pt, pp led / led; ld/) 给（某人）指路eg. lead a guest to his room 领客人到他自己的房间 lead a blind man across the road 领着一盲人过马路13.blind / bland / adj 瞎的 eg. a blind person 盲人 blind to sth. （对某事物）视而不见, 不以为意, 一无所知 He is completely bli

9、nd to her faults. 他一点儿也觉察不到她的错误. 14.owner / un(r) / n 物主; 某物的所有者- own v. eg. the dogs owner 狗的主人 = the owner of the dog15.nowadays / naudez / adv. 现今eg. Nowadays, children often prefer watching TV to reading. 如今, 儿童常爱看电视而不爱看书.16.switch / swt / n. （电路的）开关eg. a light switch 灯的开关17.refrigerator / rfrdr

10、et(r) / n. 冰箱; 冷藏室18.dial / dal / v. 打电话; 拨（电话号码） eg. dial 01-230-1212 拨01-230-1212 19.majority / mdrt / n 大多数; 大半; 大多eg. The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机.minority / manrt / n 小团体, 少数eg. ethnic minority 少数民族20.however / hauev(r) / adv 然而; 不过; 仍然用法与but类似，但前后有符号隔开

11、.However, however, .,but .21.simply / smpl / adv. 仅仅，只eg. You can enjoy all the water sports, or simply lie on the beach.22.pet / pet / n. 宠物23.member / memb(r) / n （社团等的）成员, 会员eg. Every member of her family came to the wedding. 她家的人都来参加婚礼了.短语补充：be/get used to sth.be/get used to doing sth. （对某事物）已适应

12、, 已习惯做某事eg. be quite used to hard work/working hard 很习惯做艰苦的工作 The food in England is strange at first but youll soon get used to it. 英国食物乍一吃很不习惯, 但不久就能适应了. Im used to drinking a cup of water after meal. 午饭后我习惯和一杯水.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事eg. I used to eat breakfast at 7 a.m. every day. 注意：be used to

13、do 与前者没有可比性，意思是“被用来做某事”，表示的只是被动语态eg. This machine is used to clean the wall.Part Three : Grammar Present perfect tense （现在完成时）定义：现在完成时表示一个过去发生并且已经结束的动作对现在产生的影响和结果结构:主语主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（动词的过去分词（p.p）用法：用法：1、表示影响表示影响：一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个动作对现在仍有影响，常与以下词连用already, yet, just, now, He has been away from

14、 the city.他已离开这个城市。(结果：他不在这个城市。)Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户仍破着。)I have lost my pen.我把钢笔丢了。(结果：我现在无钢笔用。)He has finished his work.他把工作做完了。（结果：他现在可以做其他的事了。）与already连用：（“已经”，用于肯定句）I have already finished my homework.与yet连用：（用于疑问句表示“已经”，用于否定句表示“还”）Has he finished his homework yet? She h

15、asnt finished her homework yet.与just连用：（“刚刚”，用于肯定句）I have just cleaned my clothes.Part Two: Homework1.背刚刚所学单词 2.将短文翻译成中文3.背诵短文4.背10个书本上的过去式、过去分词注意：这三个词组后面的宾语如果为home, here, there等副词，则不能加介词则不能加介词to和和in。eg.I have been (to/in) there many times.I have been (to/in) here for two days.Where have you been?uh

16、as/have been to与has/have gone to 的讲解2、表示重复、表示重复：表示说话前发生过一次或多次，而现在已成为经历或经验的动作或状态，常与以下词连用。ever(“曾经”，用在疑问句中) Have you ever been to Hong Kong? never(“从未” 表示否定) Ive never been there. once(“曾经”“一次，用在肯定句),twice, three times She has been there once. before(以前) He has seen her before. 2、单项选择：1.How well do yo

17、u know the Opera House? I know the place very well. I _ Sydney many times. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in2. Linda, with her parents, _ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to3. Are you goin

18、g to the bank, Laura? No, I _ to the bank already.A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been4. A number of tourists _ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A3、翻译句子：1. 你去过北京科技博物馆多少次了？ _ Beijing

19、 Science and Technology Museum?2. 你能告诉我你来中国多久了吗? Could you tell me ?答案：1. How many times have you been to 2. how long you have been in China练习：1、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island. A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days. A: When will he c

20、ome back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there. A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He _ there only once. 答案：A: has, gone; B:has gone; A:has, been; B:has been B:have, been; A:has, been; B: has, bee

21、n3、表示持续：、表示持续：一个过去发生的动作或状态在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)，往往和表示一段的时间状语连用。如for, since: have/has+过分过分(延续性动词延续性动词)+ for/sinceWe have learned English for five years. We have learned English since five years ago. I have been here since 5 oclock. He has taught in our school for 30 years.usincesinc

22、e和和for的区别的区别 sincesince后接时间点后接时间点，表示“从什么时候起”如 1993, yesterday, the time I got there forfor后接一段时间后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”如 ten years, a while, two days等。总结：since + for + 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7. 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ she left

23、here11. Ive known him _ we were children. 12. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 13. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 14. Its about ten years _ she left the city.答案：1.for 2.since 3.since 4.since 5.since 6.since 7.for 8.since 9.since 10.since 11.since 12.for 13.for 14.s

24、ince练习：用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minute

25、s. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.答案：1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since u延续性动词和终止性动词的概念延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 延续性动词延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie

26、, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 终止性动词终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。一、延续性动词的用法特征一、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有：for two years,

27、 during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间点时间状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) 解释：rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight y

28、esterday morning.(正)二、终止性动词的用法特征二、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示“一段时间“的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如： (1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three ye

29、ars ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. 终止性动词终止性动词 延续性动词延续性动词leav

30、e be away, arrive be here，borrow keep, buy have, begin/start be on, die be dead, move to live in, finish be over, join be in/be a member of, open sth. keep sth. open, fall ill be ill, get up be up, catch a cold have a cold。eg.I borrowed this book a week ago kept I have this book for a weekI bought t

31、he book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.The film started two hours ago The film has been on for two hoursHer husband has been away for five days Her husband died five days agoHe joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years. 二、翻译句子：1. 电视机已经开了几个小时了。请把它关掉，好吗？The TV set

32、_. Would you please turn it off?2. 妈妈已经离开家快一个月了，我盼望看到她。Mum _ from home for nearly a month. I _ seeing her.3. 布朗先生已经离开无锡三个多月了，他将于一周后返回。Mr Brown _ for more than tree months. He will come back in a week.答案：1、has been on for serval hours2、has been away; am looking forword to3、has been away from Wuxi注意：注

33、意：非延续性动词并非不可用于现在完成时态中，只是不能和表示“一段”时间的短语连用，但可与just，yet，already ，ever，never等连用。例如：They have already comeHe has just gone out练习：一、单项选择：1. Do you miss your parents far away? Yes, very much. They _ the hometown for over two years. A. left B. have left C. were away from D. have been away from2. Alice in Wo

34、nderland _ for 15 days and many of us like the film very much.A. begins B. has begun C. began D. has been on3. British Prince William(威廉王子)and Kate _ for nearly two months. A. married B. have married C. have been married D. have got married4. Could you tell me how long _ the football club? A. you ha

35、ve joined B. have you joined C. you have been in D. have you been in答案：D；D；C；C have/has+过分过分(延续性延续性v)+since从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时) 从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，是一个特殊句子，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。 I have been here since I was young. He has lived here since he came here. He has worked for us ever since

36、 he left school.他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。3、表示持续：、表示持续：一个过去发生的动作或状态在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)，往往和表示一段的时间状语连用。如for, since:u现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1、强调的东西不一样、强调的东西不一样 现在完成时：强调对现在的影响和结果 一般过去时：不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间时间是在过去过去。eg. Ive lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿) I lived here for

37、ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了) Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况) Did you get up very early? 你起来很早吗? (着眼动作本身) Ive got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样) I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)2、所接的时间状语不一样所接的时间状语不一样现在完成时跟模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连用或不用时间状语；过去时通常跟具体过去时间状语具体过去时间状语连用。 常跟现在完成时用的时间状语有：so far,

38、till, until, In the past ten years, up to now, since ago, for, now, already, yet, ever, never, before, recently, lately等 。 常跟过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, last year, last month, the day before yesterday, just now, in 1980等过去的时间。 常见的同时可以用在过去时和完成时的时间状语：this morning, tonight, before, recently, lately.

39、 eg.I finished my homework this morning. I have finished my homework this morning. 注意：注意：现在完成时通常不跟过去时间连用。如果句子中出现yesterday, last week等过去时间，要用过去时。(部分通用的时间状语除外) 判断句子对错： She has died yesterday. She died yesterday. I have seen him last week. I saw him last week. I have seen him there before. I saw him th

40、ere before. 3、现在完成时使用时易错的地方：现在完成时使用时易错的地方： 过去分词规则变化和不规则变化弄错，不规则动词要特别记忆； 现在完成时不跟过去时间状语连用，除通用时间状语外。 现在完成时中，终止性动词（非延续性动词）不跟一段时间连用，使用时要转化成延续性动词。Homework:1、复习所学知识，做知识梳理-下节课：重磅练习炸弹！2、预习新短文，熟读单词3、10个过去式、过去分词练习1. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_have_ already _seen_ (see) the film. I _saw_ (see

41、) it last week. 2. _Has_ he _finished_ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _has_ just _come_ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _has gone_ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _have worked_ (work) here since I _moved_ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _have made_(m

42、ake) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _have_the Wangs _stayed_(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _have_ just _finished_ (finish) my homework. 9. He _goes_ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._Have_ you _found_ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _is_ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12.

43、 The students _were reading_ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _is climbing _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _is coming_ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _Have_ you _seen_ (see) it anywhere? 2. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. com

44、e B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.-Who will go t

45、o the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A

46、. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. -_ you e

47、ver _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going3. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _have_ _never_ been to Macau before. 2. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _have_ just _bought_ a new bike. 3. We began to learn English three

48、years ago.(改为同义句) We _have_ _learnt_English _for_three years 4. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _How_ _long_have they been here? 5. The old man _died_ last year. He has _been_ _dead_for a year. (die) （动词填空） 6. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao has _been_ _away_ _since_ an hour ag

49、o.7. I have been there for two days. （就回答提问）_How_ _long_ _have_ you _been_ _there_? 8. My father has lived here since 2000. （就划线部分提问）_How_ _long_ _has_ your father _lived_ _here_? 9. He left here yesterday. （就划线部分提问）_When_ _did_ he _leave_ _here_? 10. They bought a book two hours ago. （就划线部分提问）_When_ _did_ they _buy_ a book?4. Use “never, ever,