四级语法讲解(非谓语动词)

1、外院-刘婷2.2.非非谓语动词谓语动词u不定式不定式u动名词动名词u分词分词不定式不定式u2.1 2.1 基本形式及用法基本形式及用法u2.2 stop / go on2.2 stop / go onu2.3 remember / forget2.3 remember / forgetu2.4 have sth done / have sb do sth2.4 have sth done / have sb do sthu2.1 2.1 基本形式基本形式u主动主动 被动被动u一般式一般式 to make to be madeto make to be madeu完成式完成式 to have m

2、ade to have been madeto have made to have been madeu进行式进行式 to be to be makingmakingu 2.1.1不定式的一般式不定式的一般式强调这个动作发生在谓语动词之后。强调这个动作发生在谓语动词之后。e.g.Wehopetobuildupamodernlaboratorybeforelong.u2.1.2不定式的进行式不定式的进行式e . g . T h e w a t e r s e e m s t o b e b o i l i n g .S h e w a s f o u n d t o b e t e a c h

3、i n g t h epupilstomakemodelplanes.u2.1.3不定式的完成式，强调这个动作发生在谓语动词之前。不定式的完成式，强调这个动作发生在谓语动词之前。e.g.Theyareknowntohavecometoadecisiononthematter.Itwasagreatsatisfactiontohaverevisitedournativevillage.u2.1.4不定式做宾语不定式做宾语常用的词常用的词有有:begin,continue,decide,forget,try,help,plan,hope,happen,want，expect,promise,ue.

4、g.Whendidyoubegintolearnit?Hepromisedtokeepthesecretforyou.2.1.5不定式做宾补不定式做宾补常用的词有：常用的词有：allow,advise,ask,determine,like,order,request,invite,forcee.g.Canyouallowmetocleanthewindows?Iaskedhimtotellmetheresultsofthescientificresearch.u2.1.6不定式做定语不定式做定语e.g.Pleasegivemesomethingtodrink.Ihaventgotachairt

5、ositon.u2.1.7不定式做状语不定式做状语A.表示目的表示目的todo,inordertodo.,soastodoe.g.Tomeettheneedsofourindustry,wemustproducemorecoal.ThetemperatureissohighastochangewaterintosteamB . e a s y , d i f f i c u l t , h a r d , h e a v y , g o o d + t o d oe.g.Electricityiseasytotransmitoverlongdistances.C.tooto,enoughtoe

6、 . g . H e i s t o o y o u n g t o d r i v e a c a r .Heisntoldenoughtodriveacar.u2.1.8疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式e.g.Thequestioniswhattodoandhowtodonext.2.1.9独立不定式独立不定式e.g.Totellyouthetruth,thatisallIknowabouthim.Tobefrankwithyou,Idontlikethecolorofyourshirt.u2.2 stop / go 2.2 stop / go onon stop stop doing sth.

7、 go on doingdoing sth. go on doing停止停止/ /继续做某继续做某事事 stop to do sth. go on to do stop to do sth. go on to do停止停止/ /继续去做另一件事继续去做另一件事u2.3 remember / forget2.3 remember / forgeturemember/ forget + to do sth remember/ forget + to do sth 记住记住/ /忘记将要做的事情忘记将要做的事情uremember/ forget + doing sth remember/ forge

8、t + doing sth 记住记住/ /忘记已做过的事情忘记已做过的事情uDont forget _the window before leaving the room.Dont forget _the window before leaving the room.A. to have closed B. to closeA. to have closed B. to closeC. having closed D. closingC. having closed D. closingKEY: BKEY: Bu2.4 have sth done /have sb do2.4 have sth

9、 done /have sb doWe are going to have our office _ to make room for a new We are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer.engineer.A. to rearrange B. rearrangeA. to rearrange B. rearrangeC. rearranged D. C. rearranged D. rearranging KEYrearranging KEY: C: CuIll _ that Im a qualifie

10、d doctor.Ill _ that Im a qualified doctor.A. have you knowA. have you knowB. have known youB. have known youC. have you knowing C. have you knowing D. have you D. have you known KEY:Aknown KEY:A动动 名名 词词u2.1 2.1 基本形式和基本形式和用法用法u2.2 2.2 介词介词+ +doingdoingu2.3 to2.3 to的的作用作用u2.1.1 2.1.1 基本形式基本形式主动主动 被动被动

11、u一般式一般式 doing being donedoing being doneu完成式完成式 having done having been donehaving done having been doneu2.1.2 2.1.2 动名词的一般式动名词的一般式uCompare:Compare:She insisted on staying there a week longer.She insisted on staying there a week longer.u动作是由动作是由“她她”做出的。做出的。She insisted on my/me staying there a week

12、longer.She insisted on my/me staying there a week longer.u动作是由动作是由“我我”做出的。做出的。u2.1.3 2.1.3 动名词的完成式动名词的完成式ue.g. After e.g. After having finished our job, we began to review our having finished our job, we began to review our lessonslessonsuCompare : Only Compare : Only then can we regard ourselves as

13、 having done then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.our duty.uOnly then can we regard ourselves as doing our duty.Only then can we regard ourselves as doing our duty.u2.1.4 2.1.4 动名词的被动式动名词的被动式uShe didnt mind having been left alone at home.She didnt mind having been left alone at home.

14、u表示先被留在家里，后不介意。表示先被留在家里，后不介意。uShe didnt mind being left alone at home.She didnt mind being left alone at home.u表示不介意将被留在家里。表示不介意将被留在家里。u2.1.52.1.5动名词做宾语动名词做宾语u常用的词有：常用的词有：uadmit, risk, advise, appreciate, enjoy, mind, miss, suggest, admit, risk, advise, appreciate, enjoy, mind, miss, suggest, stopst

15、opue.g. He e.g. He advised asking a doctor to come.advised asking a doctor to come.Can you imagine traveling to work in a one-man submarine?Can you imagine traveling to work in a one-man submarine?u2.2.1 2.2.1 介词介词+ +动名词动名词e.g. He went away without telling me.e.g. He went away without telling me.The

16、 easiest way of getting heat is to burn fuelThe easiest way of getting heat is to burn fuel. .u2.2.2 2.2.2 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构e.g. Our sole worry is your /you relying too much on them.e.g. Our sole worry is your /you relying too much on them.u2.3 to2.3 to的作用的作用ulook forward tolook forward to为固定短语，其中的为固

17、定短语，其中的toto为介词后面要用为介词后面要用V-ingV-ing形式，形式，像这样的短语还有像这样的短语还有stick to , pay attention tostick to , pay attention to，get down to get down to 等。等。一般情况下表示目的（为了）及要做某事时，为不定式符号一般情况下表示目的（为了）及要做某事时，为不定式符号ue.g. We are looking forward to fathers/father coming back.e.g. We are looking forward to fathers/father com

18、ing back.uDont risk _the job which so many people want.Dont risk _the job which so many people want.A. losing B. to loseA. losing B. to loseC. lost D. your life to loseC. lost D. your life to loseKEYKEY：分分 词词u2.1 2.1 基本形式和基本形式和用法用法u2.2 2.2 分词的特殊分词的特殊用法用法u2.1.1 2.1.1 基本形式基本形式u主动主动 被动被动u现在分词现在分词 一般式一般

19、式 doing being donedoing being doneu完成式完成式 having done having been having done having been donedoneu2.1.2 2.1.2 分词做定语分词做定语u时态上：时态上：the developing countries the developing countries 表示表示进行进行 the the developed developed countries countries 表示完成表示完成u语态上：语态上：the oppressing class the oppressing class 表示表示

20、主动主动 the the oppressed oppressed class class 表示被动表示被动uShe was sitting in an armchair _ a book.She was sitting in an armchair _ a book.A. reading B. to readA. reading B. to readC. to be reading D. to have C. to be reading D. to have read KEYread KEY: A: Au2.2.1 having been done / done2.2.1 having bee

21、n done / doneu两种用法的效果一致两种用法的效果一致ue.g. e.g. 我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。uWe found the eggs eaten by the snake.We found the eggs eaten by the snake.uWe found the eggs having been eaten by the snake.We found the eggs having been eaten by the snake.u2.2.2 2.2.2 分词做独立主格分词做独立主格u2.2.2.1 2.2.2.1 表示时间表示时间uAfter her homework was done, Mary decided to go shopping.Afte