情态动词havedone

1、五、玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了译成“可能做过吗？”。屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？到处找不到他们，他们可,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做本来他能通过考试，但他太粗心“可能已经”或“也许已经”，情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下：一、must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事"，该结构只用于肯定句1. Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的2. Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人说话

2、,一定是发疯了二、"can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。1 .Mr.Smithcan'thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2 .Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.三、"can+have+done'表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句,1 .Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?2 .Ther

3、eisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?能到什么地方去呢？四、could+have+done'是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless."may+have+done表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是用于肯定句中。WhathashappenedtoGeorge?Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.一乔治发生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。六、"might+have+done"表示对过去事情的推测，might与

4、may®思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.（MET90）他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。2. Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。七、"would+have+done"虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是"本来会做"。1. Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'

5、sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2. Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、"should+have+done"意思是"本来应该做某事，而实际没做。""shouldn't+have+done"表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意1. Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyes

6、terday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2. Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.看，汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。九、"oughtto+have+done"表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成"理应做"，往往表示遗憾。与"should+have+done”用法基本一样。IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理应上星期日回家。Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.你不应该帮助他那么多。十、&quo

7、t;need+have+done表示本来需要做某事而没有做。"needn't+have+done”则表示"本来不需要做某事而做了"。Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwineonlyfivepeoplecame.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,bewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。“情态动词十havedone"表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就

8、这一语言现象作如下归纳：1.should（oughtto）have:工：二El表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”；其否定形式为"shouldnot/oughtnottohave十过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn't'showup.（04'广西卷）A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving解析本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr.Whi

9、te按道理理应到了，而他没有到”.故答案选A2.needn'thave十过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事。Asyouworkedlateyesterday,youhavecomethismorning.（06'陕西卷）A.mayn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.needn't解析Heneedn'thavecome,表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）"，根据句意，答案应选D。注意Hedidn'tneedtocomeyesterday,意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。3. musthave十过

10、去分词用于肯定句，表示过去一定做过某事，表示一种很有把握的推测注意对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can't/couldn'thave十过去分词。Ihavelostoneofmygloves.Iitsomewhere.（05'北京春季）A.mustdropB.musthavedroppedC.mustbedroppingD.musthavebeendropped解析本题应选Bo本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。Ihavebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.（05'天津卷）A.shouldn

11、9;tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't解析从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选b:4. may/mighthave十过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能/大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。Wehaveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.（06'天津卷）A.needn'tB.maynotC.shouldn'tD.mu

12、stn'tKey:b5. can/couldhave+过去廿漏表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做"；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能/也许已做了某事吗？”。-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?YouA.couldhavestayedC.wouldstay巩固性练习：从A、B、withBarbara|B. couldstayD.musthavestayedC、D中选择最佳答案。(NMET98)Key:A1. -Youdidn，twaitforMr.Smithlastnight,didyou?-No,butwe

13、.Hedidn'treturnhomeatall.A.couldn'thavewaitedB.needn'thaveC.didn'tneedtoD.shouldwait2. HarryhavewonthePhysicscompetitioneasilyyesterday,buthegaveup.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must3. -MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Smithatsixo'clocktonight?”-"I'msorry,Mr.Smithtoaconferencebeforeth

14、en.”A.willhavegoneB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone4. -Tomtookawayourteacher'scellphonewithoutbeingpermitted.-Really?Ican'timaginethathehavedonesuchathing.A.mustB.mayC.canD.should5. -Wasityouthatmadethesuggestion?-Ithavebeen.Ican'tremember.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may6. Theweatherturnedoutt

15、obefineyesterday.Ithetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken7. Hepaidforaseat,whenhehaveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need8. Ididn'tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn'thavespokenB.mightn'thave

16、spokenC.can'thavespokenD.shouldn'thavespoken9. -Hi,isthatPeterBrown?-Sorry.Youthewrongnumber.A.mustdialB.musthavedialedC.shoulddialD.shouldhavedialed10. Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.Theyatleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC. couldhave

17、doneD.wouldhavedoneKeysforreference:1-5CAADD6-10CACBB高考“情态动词十havedone”考点解析“情态动词+havedone”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词+现在完成时"，即：would/could/should/mighthavedone。例如：Iftheyhadfinishedtheworkontime,theywouldhavebeenpr

18、aisedbythemanager.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youcouldhavepassedtheexamination.高考题分析：1.Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.(MET91)A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb2. -IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.(NMET98)A.couldhavestayB

19、.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestay3. YesterdayJanewalkedawayfordiscussion,otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.(96上海)A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid答案简析：1.根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词十现在完成时”，故答案选Co2.本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：Ifyouhadn'tstayatahotelwhileinNewYork,youcoul

20、dhavestayedwithBarbara.表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。3.本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选Do考点之二：musthavedone表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定、肯定”。其否定形式分别用can't/couldn't和can/could。例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。Shedidn'tatte

21、ndthelessonyesterday.Shemusthavebeenill.她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。巩固练习：Hehavecompletedhiswork,otherwise,hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.（05北京26题）A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can'tThiscakeisverysweet.Youalotofsugarinit.（05辽宁26题）A.ShouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput-Tomisneverlatefor

22、work.Whyisheabsenttoday?Somethingtohim.（05江西22题）A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappenedIwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.Theyatleast150kilometersanhour.（05重庆33题）A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedoneIhavebeenmorethan

23、sixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.（05天津14题）A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn'tDoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.（05湖北32题）A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.wouldn't1. Ididn'thearthephone.Iasleep.（MET89）A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebe

24、en2. -Irangyourhomeyesterday.AmanansweredbutIdidn'trecognizethevoice.-On,itmybrother,Peter.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.canhavebeenD.mightbe答案简析：1.关键词是didn't,说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断.故答案选B2.本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的电话。是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用musthavedone结构。故答案选B.一、“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通常只用于肯

25、定句.如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.二、"can/could+have+过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句，could的语气较can弱。如：Ididn'tseeheratthemeetingthismorning;shecan't/couldn'thavespokenatthemeeting.Hecan'thavefinishedtheworksosoon.三、&qu

26、ot;may/might+have+过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might的语气比may!一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑问句改用can或could。如：*Theymaynothaveknownitbeforehand.*Youmighthavereadaboutitinthepapers.四、“need+have+过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或过去做某事纯属多余。如：Needtheyhavedoneitlastweek?Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwineonlyfivepeoplecame.五、"

27、should/oughtto+have+过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了，这种句式含有不满或责备之意，oughtto的语气比should强一些。如：Yououghtto/shouldhavestudiedharder.你本应该更努力学习的。（但没有）Heoughtn'tto/shouldn'thavedonethat.他本来就不该做那件事。（可是做了）六、“would+have十过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像用should或。ughtto那样含有责备之意。如：Iguess

28、thepoetwouldhavebeenabouttwentywhenshewroteherfirstpoem.Anotherworkerwouldn'thaveactedlikethat.以上是我教学经验总结的最全的“情态动词+havedone”了，希望能帮助你并获得你的采纳！“情态动词十havedone”重点讲解“情态动词+havedone”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。一、在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词+现在完成时"，即would/could/should/mi

29、ghthavedone例Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheCollageEntranceExamination.如果他学习努力，他就会通过高考了。巩固练习1. -IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.（NMET98）A.couldhavestayB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestay2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfordiscussion,otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.（9

30、6上海）A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid答案简析1 .答案A本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：Ifyouhadn'tstayatahotelwhileinNewYork,youcouldhavestayedwithBarbara.表达了与过去事实相反的情况。>2.答案D本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况。二、musthavedone表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一士上士»7E、R7E例Itmusthaveraine

31、dlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨天晚上定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。巩固练习1.Ididn'thearthephone.Iasleep.(NMET89)A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen2. -Irangyourhomeyesterday.AmanansweredbutIdidn'trecognizethevoice.-On,itmybrother,Peter.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.canhavebeenD.mightbe答案简析1 .答

32、案B关键词是didn't,说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断。2 .答案B本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的电话。这是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用musthavedone结构。三、may/mighthavedone也用于对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，但语气稍弱，意思是“可能，或许"。例如：Shedidn'tgetthereintime.Shemayhavemissedthebus.她没能及时到达那儿。她可能没赶上汽车。Hedidn'tcometoschooltoday.Hemighthavebeenill.他今天没来上课，他可能病了。巩固

33、练习：1. Sorry,I'mlate.Ihaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.（2000春）A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will2. Thewindowwasbroken.Tomhavedonethat,forhewasalittlenaughty.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.oughtto3. Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.（1996上海）A.had

34、saidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid答案简析：这三句表达的都是对过去已经发生过的情况的推测判断，意思是“可能、或许”，应该用may/mighthavedone结构。答案分别选ABD三、如果对过去情况推测判断的句子是疑问句和否定句，只能用can/could和can't,/couldn'to例如：Hecan'thavegoneabroad;Isawhimanhourago.他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。-Canhehavepassedtheexam?No,hecan'thave.Hedidn'tworkhard.他

35、通过考试了吗？不，他不可能通过考试。他学习不努力。巩固练习：1. -Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-Itacomfortablejourney.（MET95A.can'tbeB.shouldn'tbeC.mustn'thavebeenD.couldn'thavebeen2. MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterday,soheyourlecture.（2002上海）A.couldn'thaveattendedB.needn

36、'thaveattendedC.mustn'thaveattendedD.shouldn'thaveattended3. MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whohavetakenit?（2003上海春招）A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would4. Ididn'tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.（1995上海）A.mustn'thavespokenB.shouldn'thavespokenC.needn'

37、;thavespokenD.couldn'thavespoken答案简析：1、根据Theywerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.一句中的时态，应该是对过去情况的推测判断，因为车上已经有5位人了，在带上我一个，可以断定这一定是一次不舒适的旅行。所以，本句表达的是对过去否定的推测判断，应该用can't/couldhavedone来表达。故答案选D。2、根据句意“我妹妹昨天在大剧院见过他”所以，一定是对过去已经发生的否定的判断，答案选A3、本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用couldhave

38、done,答案选a4、本句表达的是过去已发生情况否定的推测判断，应该用couldn'thavedone,故答案选D。四、含有must/may/might表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，反意疑问句中动词应与情态动词must等后的动词形式保持一致，用一般过去时或现在完成时。例如：Hemusthavebeenlivinghereforyears,hasn'the?他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？Youcan'thavesleptwelllastnight,didyou?你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？巩固练习：1:Greatchangesmusthavetake

39、nplaceinthevillageinthepastfewyears,they?A.mustn'tB.haven'ttheyC.can'tD.didn't2.Hemusthavelivedahappyafewyearsago,he?A.didn'tB.hasn'tC.mustn'tD.can't答案简析：1.含有must表示推测判断的句子，其反意疑问句的动词形式应与must后动词时态保持一致。可以理解成如果不表示推测判断，该句应该说成：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillageinthepast

40、fewyear.变成反意疑可句后应该说成：Greatchangeshavetakeplaceinthepastfewyears,haven'tthey?所以，该题选B。2.本句中must后的动词形式应为did,所以，反意疑问句的动词应为didn't。故答案选A五、should/oughttohavedone表示“本来应该做的，而实际上没有做的事情"，其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情”，含有责备的意思。例如：Theflowershavedied.Ishouldhavewateredthemoften.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给他们浇水的。（其实没浇水）Youo

41、ughtnottohavetoldthemthetruth.你本不应该告诉他们真相的（其实你告诉他们了）巩固练习：1. Therewasalotoffunatyesterday'sparty.Youcome,butwhydidn'tyou?（99上海）A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave2. Oh,Iamnotfeelingwellinthestomach,Isomuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn'teatB.mustn'thaveeatenC.shouldn'thaveeat

42、enD.mustn'teat3. Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.（NMET2001）A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave一I'lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.-Youherlastweek.（04福建）A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldMr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.（04全国）4. Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn'