高中英语状语从句讲解

1、高中英语状语从句讲解语法专题复习（四） 状语从句讲解状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动 词、定语、状语或整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示 时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、 比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下：1. I fell asleep when he was doing his exercises .他正作练习时我睡着了。（时问状语从句）3. She always singsas she walks .

2、她总是一边走一边唱。（时间状语从句）4. I waited until he had finished his work .我等到他做完活。（时间状语5. It was not long before he told me about this affair . 不久，他就告诉我这件事。（时间状语从句）6. He has worked very hardsince he entered the factory自 从他进厂, 工作一直很努力。（时间状语从句）1 .时间状语从句常用弓I导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, sin

3、ce , till, until 特殊弓I导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the ins tant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly - when, scarcely wh en种类从属连词例句说 明whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing awhen指的是某一具体wheneverletter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free .

4、我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。的时间”。whenever指的是在任时何一个不具体的时间”。间状whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我 的肩膀。when 忌为这时或在 那个时候”可以看作是 并列句，这种用法的 when分句一般位于句 末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.while指在某一段时间语大卜雨的时候，他们出去I。I stayed while he w

5、as away. 他小在的时候我在。里”,在期间"，while 引导的动作必须是持续 性的。asShe always singsas she walks .as引导持续性动作，强从她总是一边廿边唱调主句和从句的动作同 时发生。句beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。before译为在之前afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。tillWe waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。如主句动词是持续性动 作，常用肯

6、定式，表示 直到为止”时间状untilShe didn ' t stop working until eleven o 她到11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主'句coc展瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示宣才”在以前 不”从句放在句首表示 强调，,般用untilsinceas soon asGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。As soon as I arr

7、ive in Shanghai, I ' write to you.我L到上海就给你与信。状语从句在主句之前 时一般用逗号与主句 分开，如从句在主句之 后则不必用标点符号。语从句hardly whe nI had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I gothome when it began to rain.hardly - when 和 no sooner - than 的意义相 当于 as soon as,但只表 示过去发生的事情，主 句为过去完成时，从句 为过去时，如hardly或 no s

8、ooner位于句首时 语气强，而且主句的谓 语要用部分倒装。no_sooner thanNo sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。every time, by the time themoment等Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. 我每次乘船都晕船。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheer

9、ful. 我L听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。Next time you come ,you ' ll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。在时间状语从句中，不 能用将来时或过去将 来时，而要用现在时或 过去时代替将来时。2 .地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊弓 I 导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere地 点wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.后志若,事jhL成。Where there is water there is life.where 与 wherever 意义基本相同，但后

10、者 语气较强，多用于书状-哪里有水，哪里就有生命。面语。语You are free to go wherever you like.从你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方人。句Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。3 .原因状语从句常用弓 I 导词： because, since, as, since特殊弓 I 导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, conside ring that,原 因 状 语 从 句becauseI came back l

11、ate yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。because用来回答 why的问题，语气最强一般 放在上句之后sinceSince everyone is here, let ' begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since表tk既然或全已知 的理由，稍加分析即可表 明的原因，多放句首asAs he didn ' know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个 单词。从句常放在句首，

12、说明 原因，主句说明结果， 常用于口语中。nowthat,seeing thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。seeing (that), now that 和since, as意义相似， 他们都有鉴于杲个事 实”的意思，that可以省 去。4 .目的状语从句常用弓 I 导词：so that, in order tha

13、t特殊弓 I 导词：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that目 的 状 语thatso thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号他记卜来，以免忘记。Wd ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判 断。目的状语从句中常用情态动词 may (might)

14、 can (could) ,should 等放在 动词之前，从句往往放 在主句之后，主从句之 间不用任何标点符号从 句in orderThey worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完 成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。thatlest = forfear that5 .结果状语从句常用引导词：sothat,

15、 suchthat,特殊弓 I 导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,结果状so thatso thatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了 新闻。He was so excited that he couldn ' stay a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that前后逗号为结果 状语从句。sothat的so后面跟形 容词或副词。语从句su

16、ch thatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused他说出了这么重要的理由， 得到大 家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。such that!勺 such 后面 跟名词，如果名词是单 数就要用 such a /antha处可以转换用 sothat语气较强6 .条件状语从句常用引导词

17、：if, unless,特殊弓 I 导词： as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in ca se that, on condition that条if_Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算/、了什么了。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.unless从句的谓语只能 用肯定式。unless和if no同义,unless 是 书面语，ifno谑口语,件状unles

18、s除非卜雨，我们明无i去那里。=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn ' rain.通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语 动词的时态一般要用现So/As long as you work hard, you will在时或过去时代替一般语as/so 10ngsucceed.将来时或过去将来时。从句asin caseso far as只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it . 万一我忘了，请提醒我L下。So far as I know, the book will b

19、e published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。7 .让步状语从句常用弓I导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as州在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首)，n o matter ，in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, wh enever, however, whichever让步thoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to lea

20、rn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语。We were not tired though (although) we had在句子中一般用了 虽 然”就不能再用怛是” (but)但可以与yet或 still 连用。though /状语althoughworked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。although意义相同，用 法基本一样，前者通俗， 口语化，后者正式多放 主句的前四。从句even if even thoughI，ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明大卜雨，我也要去。even if 和 even th

21、ough 的意思为即使“纵使” 有退一步设想的意味， 多用于书面语中。让步as_Child as he is , he knows a lot . 虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。as引出的状语从句多用 于书面语，它比用 though 或 although 弓 I导 的从句，语气强，更有 表现力，从句常放在句 首，语序部分倒装。状语no matter(who, what when, whereDo it no matter what o

22、thers say.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。no matter 与who-ever弓1导的让步状 语从句意义基本一样， no matter 引导的从 句可是以位于主句前或which, how )No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。主句后。wh ever (whatever whoever whenever which

23、ever however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都/、要失去信心。Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。wh ever从句中的动 词有时可以和 may连 用。判断wh ever引导 的是状语从句还是名词 性从句的一点是，名词 性从句，主句中一 一个成分要在从句担 任，一般从句与主句之 间没有逗号。不可将 no matter与 wh ever 连用8 .比较状语从句常用引导词：asM级比较)，than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：th

24、e more the more ;just as ， so；A is to B what / as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B比较状语as asnot so/asas the sameas such asMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样人。He doesn ' t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker

25、as Peter .享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。连词表示向程度级的比 较，肯定句用asas否定句可用 not as - as或not so - as从句thanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。表不不同程度之比较， 主句中用比较级的形容 词或副词。the moreThe more you read, the better you understand.the more the more 竟比t

26、he思为越越，通常的你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。more语序为从何在前主旬在较The more tickets you sell, the more money后，这两个the都是表you will get.示程度的副词，用在比状你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。较级的形容词或副词前The harder you work, the greater progress面。语从句you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。The sooner, the better.越快越好。The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。句子意思明显，句子的 主语和动词都可省略。9 .方

27、式状语从句常用引导词:as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the way方式状语从句as_Draw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。此处as译为，按照或正 如as if或 as though的意义 和用法基本一样。从句 中可以用现在时表示口 能符合事实，也可以用 虚拟语气。as if She looks as if she is ill. 看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。They t

28、reat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。as though10特殊的特 殊 形 式 的 状 语 从 句thatWe are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。I ' naorry (that) I didn ' have time to write you sooner.很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。I am afraid that I can' t

29、 go with you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了。that引导的从句，往往 跟在一个做表语的形容 词后面，从句概念上看 是宾语，所以有的语法 家把它看做是宾语从 句，但结构上看，也可 以把它看作是一个特殊 的状语从句，用来修饰 表语的形容词。这种从 句的连词常常被省略。状语从句的简化 状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件 :主句和从句的主语一 致，或从句主语为it;从 句主要动词是 be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next

30、 year .He' 11go to the seasde for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略 。例如：I ' maller than he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中：由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句 ；由 although, though, even if/though 等弓I导的让步状语从句 ；由 when,

31、 while, as, before, after, until / till 等引导的时间状语从句 ：由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句；由as, than 等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。If (it is) possible , he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮你摆 脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来 说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。As (he was) young, he lear

32、ned how to ride a bike 他小时候就学会了骑自行车。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopp咄有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。While (he was) a you ng boy, he was always ready to help others也在孩提时代就乐 于助人。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got n

33、o good marks. 尽管近来他一直在学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词The concert was a great success than (it was) expecte退场音乐会出乎意料地取得 了巨大成功。He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 时他站起来好像要说什He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责，他也解决不了这个问题。f.连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (s

34、he was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻 烦。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA 他至 U美国之前就 懂英语了。tips:只用 as 不用 when 或 while 的情况1、用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指“一边一边，如： The girl sings as she goes to school.2、表示两个同步发生的动作或行为如： As time went by,she became more and more beautiful.3、表示两个动作紧跟着发生，如： A

35、s he was going out,it began to rain,4、接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时 。如： As a young man, he was active in sports.连接词when,while,as的用法区别1、while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词 必须是可持续的，而when引导的时间 状语从句的谓语动词既可以可持续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。WhenWhile he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell rang.When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.（

36、whilef 可用）2、从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用 when引导，不可用whileas, 如： When you have finished your work,you may have a rest3、表示“随着"，连词用as不用whenwhile,如： As the election approached,the violenve got worse.4、如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作，从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，三者可互相交换使用o 如： WhenWhileAs I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.till.until 和not 句机用法1、untiltill引导时间状语从句用于肯定句中时，主句的动词时延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到untiltill所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间 点才停止”，译为“直到为止”。You may stay here until the rain stops.2、用于否定句时，主句谓语动词时非延续性动词，从句为肯