HOW-TO-WRITE-A-SUMMARY怎样写一个英语总结

1、HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARYWhat is a summary? 1.A shortened version of the text2.Main points of the text3.Written in your own words A summary is a brief account of the main points of an article in your own words . Question: What should be paid attention to to write a good summary of an article?1. Can we

2、mainly use our own words or the sentences in the original passage?2. Can we judge the writing style?3. Can we write it in the first person or the third person?4. Can we express our opinion? Discussion summaryunderstandingtopic sentenceskey wordsset sentence patternssummarize/rewritethe writing style

3、the 3rd person3 Styles of PassagesStyles（体裁）（体裁） Functions（功能）（功能）Narration(记叙文记叙文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文议论文)show the writers point of viewExposition (说明文说明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenonTask 1: How to find the key sentences or key words?体裁体裁关键句关键句

4、记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文抓住抓住who, what happened, 及及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句Task 2: Recognize the styles of 3 givenpassages and find out the key sentences or key words of eachpassage.The Steps of Writing a Summary(1)定时态定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，么基本时态用过去时；如果

5、是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；一、二人称；(3)定技巧定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。：结合相关技巧，重新组句。1.1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改 的，得的，得0 0分；分；2. 2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1 1分；分；3. 3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序的，得文词序的，得2 2分；分；4

6、. 4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得还有句子结构的，最多得3 3分；分；5. 5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4 4至至5 5分。分。2007年广东高考概括部分评分细则年广东高考概括部分评分细则Task 3：Rewrite the sentences according to the skills.(1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法同义替换法I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not pat

7、ient.I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.because(2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法正话反说法You will fail.You will _. not succeed(3)Change the part of speech词性转换法词性转换法Patience is very important.Patience is _.of great importance(4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法句式变化法语态变换：语

8、态变换：Parents should give children more praise.Children should_more praise.be given简单句变复合句：简单句变复合句：Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster.Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success.When

9、_, children will achieve more success.whichgiven more praise(5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精的连词，如注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。等。 We should encourage children. We should not scold them.We should encour

10、age children_ scolding them.instead of(6) Change the order of the words. 词序改变法词序改变法The secret of success was patience._ was _.Patiencethe secret of success(7) Omit the details细节省略法细节省略法Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Dont scold and give praise instead.(8) Make use of the meaning o

11、f a sentence句意理解法句意理解法Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular._More and more people prefer Internet shopping.Some Summary Models for You(1)Narration Summary Models (记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板)(2)Argumentation Summary Models (议论文概要模板议论文概要模板)(3)Exposition Summary Models (说明文概要模板说明文概要模板)(1) 记叙文概要

12、模板记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：点明写作目的类：The writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节）（故事情节）.作者经历类：作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which他人经历类：他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(2) 议论文概要模板议论文概要模板 The article gives the

13、 view that should/shouldnt（主题）（主题）. .（补充论据）（补充论据）. The passage highlights(强调强调) the importance of sth. The author argues that(3) 说明文概要模板说明文概要模板 现象揭示类：现象揭示类： This article points out the common phenomenon -（主题（主题), which.（补充解释）（补充解释）. 利弊对比类：利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A

14、and B. Awhile B The passage discusses the impact(影响影响)of sth. On the positive side, but it may also. 研究显示类：研究显示类： The study reveals(揭露揭露) that The purpose of the report is to show thatTask 4: Write a summaryPassage 1关键词关键词 、句、句 (1)the writer, an old man, fishing, experience, teach sb. a lesson, (2)T

15、he secret of success was patience. _had_with _who _.The writer a fishing experiencean old man taught him a lesson词序变化法词序变化法Patience was the secret of success.(2)(1)连词成句连词成句The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson. Patience was the secret of success.句式变化法句式变化法The wr

16、iter had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson thatpatience was the secret of success.The writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事（故事情节）情节）.Reference Key for Passage 1:The writer tells us patience was very important and that it was the secret of success

17、 by showing us an exampleof his unforgettable fishingexperience with an old man, who taughthim a lesson. ( 35 words)注意注意Passage 2: 关键句关键句(1)Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. 细节省略法细节省略法Dont scold and give praise instead.词序变化法、连词衔接法词序变化法、连词衔接法Give praise instead of scolding.词性变换法词性变换法

18、Praise children instead of scolding them.(2) If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last.Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed.句意理解法句意理解法同义替换法同义替换法词性转换法词性转换法细节省略法细节省略法(1) Praise children instead of scolding them.(2) Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed.The article gives the view thatwhen educating children, parents shouldpraise and encourage them instead of scolding, which will help