故宫-中英文分析解析

1、故宫】午门MeridianGate午门是进出紫禁城的主要通道。这样命名是因为皇帝认为自己是“天子”，紫禁城是宇宙的中心，因此贯穿南北的中轴线作为子午线贯穿故宫。ThemainentrancetothePalaceistheMeridianGate,whichwassonamedbecausetheemperorconsideredhimselfthe"SonoftheHeaven"andthePalace,thecenteroftheuniverse,hencethenorth-southaxisastheMeridianlinegoingrightthroughthePa

2、lace.午门在紫禁城南面城垣正中，为禁城正门，是紫禁城四座城门中最大的一座。明永乐十八年(1420年)建成。Meridiangate,inthemiddleofthesouthwall,isthemineentrancetotheForbiddenCity.It'sthelargestoneinthefourgatesoftheForbiddenCity,builtintheeighteenthyearofEmperorYongle,MingDynasty.(1420).城台中央门洞为皇帝出入的“御路门”，此外只有皇后大婚时喜轿入宫，殿试高中的状元、榜眼和探花出宫时可以走中门，以示皇

3、帝的优崇。宗室王公则出入西门，文武官员出入东门。Thecentraldoorwayisfortheemperortogoinandgetout,called第1页/共13页“ImperialGate”.Inaddition,toshowtheemperor'spreferentialtreatment,onlythequeen'sweddingsedanintothepalace,theChampionscholar,Runner-upscholarandtheThirdintheimperialexaminationoutthepalacecanwalkinthecentra

4、ldoor(“ImperialGate”).Imperialclangetinandoutfromthewestgate,officialsfromtheeastgate.明代，皇帝施淫威处罚大臣的“廷杖”也在此进行，“推出午门斩首”的说法即由此讹化而来。InMingdynasty,Emperorpunishedtheirministerby“CourtBeating”infrontofMeridianGate.“Launchmeridiangatebeheaded”wasincorrectlyrelayedthisinformation,whichisnotreal.(Asthelegend

5、goes,theMeridianGateusedtobeaplacewherecondemnedrankingofficialswouldbeexecuted.Thisnottrue)内金水桥InnerGoldenWaterBridge流经太和门广场，蜿蜒呈弓形。广场中央五座汉白玉石桥跨越河道，齐指太和门方向。正中主桥是皇帝专用的“御路桥”，栏杆上雕云龙柱头。两旁四座宾桥栏杆皆饰二十四气柱头，主桥旁两座供宗室王公行走的称“王公桥”,再次两座供三品以上文武大臣行走，称“品级桥”BeyondtheMeridianGateunfoldsavastcourtyardacrosswhichthe第2页/

6、共13页InnerGoldenWaterRiverrunsfromeasttowest.Theriverisspannedbyfivebridges,whichweresupposedtobesymbolsofthefivevirtuespreachedbyConfuciusbenevolence,righteousness,rites,intelligence,andfidelity.GoldenWaterBridge:Theyarefivewhitemarblestonebridgesacrosstheriver.Theoneinthemiddlewasusedexclusivebythe

7、emperoranditsbanisterswerecarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns,called“ImperialBridge”.Therailingsoftheotherfourbridgesonbothsidesaredecoratedwith24SolarTerms.Thebridgesflankingtheimperialonewerereservedforprincesandotherroyalmembers,called"MaharajaBridge".Therestwereusedbypalatines,called&quo

8、t;GradeBridge".太和门GateofSupremeHarmony是紫禁城外朝庄严的门户，明永乐年建成，初称奉天门，嘉靖朝改名皇极门。清顺治入主北京后始名太和门。现有建筑为清光绪年间火灾后所重建而成。太和门坐落于汉白玉基座上，丹陛下列铜鼎四只，门前左右分列石亭.石匮还有两只宫内最巨大的青铜狮子为明代铸造。东侧玩一个球的石狮是男性,象征着权力和全民团结。另一个在西侧幼崽拥抱在它的爪下的是女性,代表繁荣无休止的继承。Builtinyongleyear,Mingdynasty,atfirstcalled“Mukdendoor”.第3页/共13页GateofSupremeHarmo

9、nyislocatedonawhitemarblepedestal,therearefourbronzetripods,andstonepavilionandstonecabinetareintheleftandrightsidesrespectivelyinfrontofthegates.Intheforegroundstandtwomassivebronzelions,theyarethebiggestonesinthepalace.TheywerecastedinMingDynasty.Theoneontheeastplayingwithaballismale,symbolizingpo

10、weranduniversalunity.Theotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemale,representingprosperitytheendlesssuccession.奉天门(即太和门)在明代是皇帝早朝御门听政的场所，且洪熙、宣德、正统三朝皇帝即在此门登基即位，所以在明代又被称为大朝门。清入关后，顺治皇帝也在此颁诏天下。Mukdendoor(GateofSupremeHarmony)intheMingDynastyistheplacetheemperorandministerstodiscusspoliticslik

11、eamorningrally.AndthreeemperorsofMingdynastyascendthethronghere.InQingdynasty,theemperorshunzhialsointhereissuedproclamationstotheworld.太和殿HallofSupremeHarmony是紫禁城中的至尊金殿，即民间所谓皇宫中的“金銮宝殿”，这里是皇帝举行重大朝典之地。Itsnameindicatesthehopeofharmonyintheworld.It'sthe第4页/共13页supremacypalaceinthecentraloftheForbid

12、denCity,calledthe“Majesticpalace”inthefolk,wheretheemperorheldthemomentousceremonyandcelebrations.太和殿是紫禁城中最大的殿宇，也是中国现存规制最高的古代宫殿建筑。大殿内外饰以成千上万条金龙纹，屋脊角安设十个脊兽，在现存古建筑中仅此一例。ThehallofsupremeharmonyisoneofthelargestpalacesintheForbiddenCity,isalsotheChineseexistinghighestregulationofancientpalacebuildings.I

13、nsideandoutsideofthehallwasdecoratedwithhundredsofthousandsofgolddragon,tenridgebeastswereinstalledontheroofAngle,allofthesemakeittheonlyoneintheextantancientbuildings.太和殿,长方形,高27米,面积2300平方米,在宫殿群中是最伟大和最重要的大厅。它也是中国最大的木结构和灿烂的色彩组合在现有宫殿的一个杰出范例。这个大厅举行重大场合的典礼，像是:冬至,春节,皇帝的生日和即位,和作战调兵遣将等。在这些场合会有一个皇家仪仗队站在大厅前

14、,一直延伸到午门。TheHallofSupremeHarmony,rectangularinshape,27metersinheight,2,300squaremetersinarea,isthegrandestandmostimportanthallinthePalacecomplex.ItisalsoChina'slargest第5页/共13页existingpalaceofwoodstructureandanoutstandingexampleofbrilliantcolorcombinations.Thishallusedtobethethronehallforceremoni

15、eswhichmarkedgreatoccasions:theWinterSolstice,theSpringFestival,theemperor'sbirthdayandenthronement,andthedispatchofgeneralstobattles,etc.OnsuchoccasionstherewouldbeanimperialguardofhonorstandinginfrontoftheHallthatextendedallthewaytotheMeridiangate.中和殿HallofCentralHarmony中和殿位处太和殿与保和殿之间。初建于明永乐年（

16、15世纪初），初名华盖殿，后几经灾毁和修建。明嘉靖年重建后改名中极殿，清顺治帝入主紫禁城后改名中和殿，意为秉中庸之道，求天下和顺。中和殿四面门窗的形制取自古代的“明堂”。皇帝在升太和殿举行大典前，先在此暂憩，并接受执事官员的朝拜。或于亲祭等大礼前在此检阅祝文、奏书之类的准备工作。ItlocatedbetweenthehallofsupremeharmonyandHallofPreservingHarmony.Atthebeginning,itwasnamedCanopytemple.InQingdynasty,theHallwasrenamedbyShunzhiEmperor.Themeani

17、ngofnameistotakethegoldenmean(themiddleroad)andpursuetheharmonyoftheworld.TheHallofCompleteHarmonyissmallerandsquarewithwindows第6页/共13页onallsides.Heretheemperorrehearsedforceremonies,hadtemporaryrestandacceptedthepilgrimageofdeaconsofficialsetc.保和殿HallofPreservingHarmony是三台上的第三座大殿。原名为谨身殿，后改建极殿清代最终定名

18、为保和殿，意为保持心志纯一，共享天下和谐。顺治帝、康熙帝曾在此居住，顺治帝的大婚也在此举行。清代每年除夕、正月十五，皇帝在此举办宴会。清乾隆五十四年（仃89年）以后，皇帝主持的殿试也改在这里举行Itisthirdpalaceinwhichbanquetsandimperialexaminationswereheld,whichmeanstomaintaintheconsciousnessandattitudeconcentrated,sharingharmoniousworld.QingemperorShunzhiandKangxioncelivedhere.Fulinweddingwasal

19、soheldhere.EmperoroftheqingdynastyheldbanquetsinthefifteenthdayofthefirstlunarmonthandtheNewYear'seveofeveryyear.乾清门GateofHeavenlyPurity清代皇帝在此御门听政，其中以康熙皇帝最勤。御门当日辰时（上午8时左右），皇帝在门内中央升座，朝臣依次奏事并领受君王谕旨。Theemperorintheqingdynastydiscusspoliticswithhisofficialslikeamorningrally.Theemperorkangxiisthemost

20、diligentone.第13页/共13页乾清宫PalaceofHeavenlyPurity为皇帝的正寝。明永乐年（15世纪初）建成，曾数次遭焚和重建，现有建筑为清嘉庆三年（仃98年）重建。“乾清”为乾天清正之意。自明至清初，乾清宫都是皇帝治理朝政和居住的正殿。明清皇帝驾崩后都在此停棂，以示“寿终正寝：清雍正皇帝以后，皇帝寝宫移至养心殿，但这里仍为君王理政和举行节庆大典的重要宫殿之一。殿内高悬清顺治皇帝御书“正大光明”匾匾JLL-1后为清代皇帝放置建储密匣之处。ThePalaceofHeavenlyPuritywasoncetheresidenceoftheMingemperorsandthe

21、fksttwooftheQingemperors.ThentheQingEmperorYongZhengmovedhisresidencetotheHallofMentalCultivationandturneditintoanaudiencehalltoreceiveforeignenvoysandhandledthestateaffairs.Thepromotionanddemotionofofficialswerealsodecidedinthishall.Aftertheemperor'sdeathhiscoffinwasplacedherefora49-dayperiodof

22、mourning.Theplaqueof“frankandrighteous”(or“fairandsquare”)washunginthehall,whichwaswrittenbyemperorofShunzhi.Theimperialsuccessionedictwasplacedaftertheplaque.交泰殿HallofUnionandPeace交泰殿是正宫皇后在重大节庆接受朝贺之地。清乾隆年以后，象征皇权的二十五方宝玺平日贮藏于殿内。第8页/共13页HallofunionandpeaceistheQueen'spalacetoreceivetheprayinmajorf

23、estivals.Qianlongyearslater,twentyfiveimperialjadeseals,thesymbolofimperialpower,isstoredinthehall.坤宁宫HallofEarthlyTranquility位处交泰殿之北，是皇后的正宫。“坤宁”为坤地宁定之意。清代，坤宁宫虽仍称正宫，但主要做为宫内萨满教祭神的场所和皇帝大婚的洞房，年幼登基的康熙、同治、光绪三帝以及逊帝溥仪大婚时均先在此居住二日，再迁居乾清宫或养心殿。而皇后日常不住在这里。TheHallofEarthlyTranquility,onceaprivatelivingroomforthe

24、empress,waspartitioned.Thewestchamberservedreligiouspurposesandtheeastonewasthebridalchamberwherethenewlymarriedemperorandempressspenttheirfirsttwonightsaftertheirwedding.坤宁门KunningDoor是后三宫通往御花园的主要门户。KunningDooristhemaingatewaytotheimperialgarden御花TheImperialGarden御花园在明朝初期成形。内有上百棵松树和柏树供乘凉所用，各类鲜花全年为御

25、花园添色添香。御花园的中心是道观钦安殿，平屋顶在四个屋檐方向略向下倾。这种屋顶形式在中国古建筑中很罕见。在东北角是一座假山叫堆秀山，整座山完全是由奇形怪状的石块堆砌而成，顶部是一个亭子。山脚下是两个喷泉，喷射两股水柱到空中。据说在农历的九月初九，皇后会登上假山顶欣赏秋季美景，这一天登高可以使人们保持健康远离疾病。TheImperialGardenwaslaidoutduringtheearlyMingdynasty.Hundredsofpinesandcypressesoffershadewhilevariousflowersgivecolorstothegardenallyearrounda

26、ndfilltheairwiththeirfragrance.InhecenterofthegardenistheHallofImperialPeace,aTaoisttemple,withaflatroofslightlyslopingdowntothefoureaves.ThistypeofroofwasrareinancientChinesearchitecture.Inthenortheasterncornerofthegardenisarockhill,knownastheHillofthePiled-upWonders,whichistoppedwithapavilion.Atth

27、efootofthehillaretwofountainswhichjettwocolumnsofwaterhighintotheair.Itissaidthatontheninthnightoftheninthmonthofthelunarcalendar,theempresswouldmoundthehilltoenjoytheautumnscene.Itisalsobelievedthatclimbingtoahighplaceonthatdaywouldkeeppeoplesafefromcontagiousdiseases.神武门GateofDevineProwess在紫禁城北面城垣

28、正中，为禁城北门。神武门是宫中日常出入的重要门禁，皇后祭先蚕，清代选秀女，将妃嫔迎入宫等都要走神武门。帝第10页/共13页后走中央正门，嫔妃、官吏、侍卫、太监及工匠等由两侧的门洞出入。1924年，逊帝溥仪被驱逐出宫即经此门离去。GateofDevineProwessisinthemiddleofthenorthwall,thenorthgateoftheForbiddenCity.Itisoneoftheimportantdailyentrances.ThecentraldoorwasusedbyEmperorandEmpress.Concubines,officials,imperialbo

29、dyguard,theeunuchandcraftspeoplewalkfrombothsidesofthedoor.In1942,thelastemperorwasexpelledfromthePalacethroughthisdoor.传说故宫有多少房间有资料说有9999.5间，比玉皇大帝的天宫只少半间。故宫里头现在存有8000多间房子。It'ssaidtherewere9999.5roomsintheForbiddenCityandonlylesssemi-roomthanthepalaceofthejadeemperor.TheForbiddenCitynowhasmorethan8000housesinit.传说，当初刘伯温修建北京城皇宫的时候，皇上和他的儿子燕王打算把宫殿修盖得间量多点儿、大点儿，总觉得皇上住的地方应当特别华贵，不然就显不出天子的尊严。这天，皇上正要传旨宣刘伯温，就在这个节骨眼儿上，刘伯温来了。刘伯温一见皇上就说：“启奏万岁，臣昨天夜里做了一个梦，梦见玉皇大帝把臣召到凌霄殿上对臣说：你朝皇帝要修盖皇宫，你告诉他！天宫宝殿是一万间，凡间宫殿万不可超过天宫。你还要告诉他，要请三十六金刚、七十二地煞去保护凡间皇城，才能够风调雨顺国泰民安，你要牢牢记住'。玉皇大帝说完这些话，就扑过来一阵白茫茫的香雾，一下就把臣吓醒啦！”皇上听了觉着很怪，想