[经济学]Strategies for IELTS__ Writingsppt课件

1、IELTS Writing Training ProgramStrategies for IELTS Writing2. Write a Report Academic n2.1 Task Analysisn2.2 Structure Planningn2.3 Typical Patternsn2.4 Basic Typesn2.5 Assignment2.1 Task Analysis6 questionsnWhat kind of chart it is? nWhat does it indicate?nWhat are the details?nWhat are the typical

2、things?nWhat can be concluded?2.1 Task Analysis-case study The chart below shows the number of HIV/AIDS cases and of drug addicts under 35 from 1985 to 2002. Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. nWhat kind of chart it is? nWhat does it indicate? nWhat are

3、 the details?nWhat are the typical things?nWhat can be concluded?nBar chartnthe relationship between HIV/AIDS cases and drug addictsnthe number of HIV/AIDS cases and of drug addicts under 35 from 1985 to 2002.nBoth the number of AIDS cases and drug addicts under 35 increased dramatically from 1985 t

4、o 2002.nIn the past 17 years, with the increasing number of drug addicts, the number of AIDS cases has increased over 300 times. nAt the beginning of the 1990s, the speed of increasing was significant, reaching over 1000%.nthe drug abuse and AIDS have a close relationship. nwith the number of drug a

5、ddicts increasing, the number of AIDS cases rises correspondingly. 2.2 Structure PlanningnIntroduction Body ConclusionnThe chart indicates.nAs is seen in the chart,nFrom what has been presented in the chart, it can be concluded thatnThe chart indicates how many HIV/AIDS patients and drug addicts und

6、er 35 were found from 1985 to 2002. It also presents the relationship between drug addicts and AIDS cases.nAs is seen in the chart, both the number of AIDS cases and drug addicts under 35 increased dramatically from 1985 to 2002. According to the chart, the number of AIDS cases was 150 in 1985, whil

7、e the number in 2002 was 50,000. At the same time, the number of drug addicts under 35 was 1,800 in 1985, and in 2002, the number soared to 500,000. That is to say, in the past 17 years, with the increasing number of drug addicts, the number of AIDS cases has increased over 300 times. Especially, at

8、 the beginning of the 1990s, the speed of increasing was significant, reaching over 1000%.nUndoubtedly, the drug abuse and AIDS have a close relationship. From the chart we can see clearly the fact that with the number of drug addicts increasing, the number of AIDS cases rises correspondingly. In ot

9、her words, drug abusing plays a crucial role in spreading AIDS from one to another.2.3 Typical patterns: the introductionnThe chart below shows the number of HIV/AIDS cases and of drug addicts under 35 from 1985 to 2002.n1 The chart shows the number of HIV/AIDS cased and of drug addicts under 35 fro

10、m 1985 to 2002. n2 The chart indicates the number of HIV/AIDS cased and of drug addicts under 35 from 1985 to 2002. n3 This is a chart that indicates the number of HIV/AIDS cased and of drug addicts under 35 from 1985 to 2002. n4 The chart is an indication of the number of HIV/AIDS cased and of drug

11、 addicts under 35 from 1985 to 2002, which presents the relationship between drug addicts and AIDS cases. n5 The chart indicates how many HIV/AIDS patients and drug addicts under 35 were found from 1985 to 2002. It also presents the relationship between drug addicts and AIDS cases. 2.3 Typical patte

12、rns: the trendsnDecrease, fall, decline, drop, Increase, rise, grow, climb, soar, Fluctuate, Stabilize, remain constant, stay unchangednPeak, climax, bottom, increase, decrease, growth, rise, drop, fluctuation, nSharply, rapidly, dramatically, Slightly, slowly, moderately, steadily, Gradually, rough

13、ly, considerablynSharp, dramatic, rapid, slight, slow, considerable, moderate, steady, gradual, roughnThe number of grew sharply from tonThere was a sharp growth in the number of nThe past decade saw a sharp growth in the number of nThe amount of stayed atnThe output of dropped by overnIn 1960, 600

14、men in every 1,000 smoked. This number decreased gradually to 500 by 1974 and continued to drop by 2000. In contrast, the smoking rate for women was very low at only 80 in every 1,000 in 1960. By 1968, this figure increased to 170 and rose again more sharply to 320 in 1977. The rate of female smoker

15、s then remained stable at 320 until 1984, which saw a considerable drop. 2.3 Typical patterns: the figuresnAccount for, take up, make up, consume, constitute，rank, followed bynPercentage, proportion, number, rate, portionnIt accounts fornThe number of isn rank top, taking up ., followed bynThe chart

16、 consists of seven segments. The largest one represents sporting group, which accounts for 24% of the total. Working group ranks the second largest and takes up 21%,followed by hound group and terrier group , which share the same percentage, namely 16 %. The proportion of toy group is 12% . The smal

17、lest percentages are given to non-sporting group and herding group, constituting 5% and 6% respectively.2.3 Typical patterns: the ConclusionnIn summary, we can draw the conclusion thatnTo sum up, it can be concluded thatnIn conclusion, we can see thatnTo conclude, it can be seen thatnIt is clear fro

18、m the chart thatnIt can be seen from the chart that people attending the dog competition favor sporting and working dogs more than other groups.nFrom the table we can see clearly the fact that with the number of drug addicts increasing, the number of AIDS cases rises correspondingly.2.4 Basic Typesn

19、Line chartnTable/FigurenPie chartnBar chartnFlow chart2.5 Assignment nThe line chart below shows the birth and death rates in a developing country.nThe two curves show the fluctuation of birth and death rates from 1900 to 1970 in a developing country.nOver the period from 1900 to 1910, the death rat

20、e remained constant. Since 1910, it began to rise rapidly and reached the peak of 60 per thousand in 1920. From 1920 to 1940, the death rate fell down steeply. There was a slight increase between 1940 and 1950. Since 1950, it began to decline again.nOn the other hand, before 1920, birth rate almost

21、remained level. Then, since 1920, it started to drop until it recorded 30 per thousand in 1930. From 1930 to 1940, there was a significant rise, followed by a steady fall.nFrom the chart, it can be seen that the death rates and birth rates had different trends. From 1900 to 1910, both rates leveled

22、off, and since then, death rates were higher than birth rates; however, after 1930, death rates were surpassed by birth rates.3. Write an Essayn3.1 Task Analysis n3.2 Structure Planning n3.3 Write & Check n3.4 Model Paragraphsn3.5 Assignment3.1 Task Analysis: the topicnMajor TopicsnEducation and

23、 culture: schooling, upbringing, cultural shock,nSocial Issues: environmental protection, population control.nScience and Technology: computer, internet, mobile phonenFamily Life: generation gap, kids breeding, the agednGovernment policy: health care, unemployment solution,nAnimal Protection: pets k

24、eeping, animal experiment, nThe unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use cars?nSome people think that old people should not be forced by law to retire at the age of 60-65 if they wish to continue worki

25、ng. Do you agree with this point of view?n nSome people believe that personal happiness is directly related to economic success. Others believe there are other factors. Discuss the two sides and give your opinion.nNowadays people are living longer hence in some countries there are more old people th

26、an young people. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this issue?3.1 Task Analysis: the typenMajor TypesnProblem-Solution nAgreement-Reasons nOpinions Comparison nSituation AnalysisnThe unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the pro

27、blems, should we discourage people to use cars?nSome people think that old people should not be forced by law to retire at the age of 60-65 if they wish to continue working. Do you agree with this point of view?n Some people believe that personal happiness is directly related to economic success. Ot

28、hers believe there are other factors. Discuss the two sides and give your opinion.nNowadays people are living longer hence in some countries there are more old people than young people. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this issue?3.2 Structure Planning: the outlinenOutlinenIntrod

29、uction Body - ConclusionnCase StudynThe unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use cars? nSituationnThe unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. nProblems nUrban traffic is getting from bad to wors

30、e. nAir quality in urban areas is deteriorating with each passing day. nSolutionnTo discourage people to use cars! 2.3. Write and Check: the IntroductionnIntroducing the topicnPresenting the situationnParaphrasing the directionnThe unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those proble

31、ms? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use cars?nNowadays, the fast increase in the number of cars have brought along many related problems which are well worth our greatest attention.nWith the development of the global economy, more and more cars are running on the road

32、s, bringing along many related problems.2.3. Write and Check: DevelopmentnDiscuss the problems/reasons/viewsnTo begin with, In addition,Last but not least,nOn one hand, On the other hand,nSome, others In my opinion,nFirst of all, urban traffic is getting from bad to worse. Id like to cite my own exp

33、erience as an example. Five years ago, it took me about 30 minutes to drive from home to office. One year later, I needed to spend about 40 minutes on the way. Then two years later, I had to start out from home at least 1 hour earlier in order to get to my office on good time for work. And then, sin

34、ce last year, it has just been too normal for me to spend about one and half hours to make it. The traffic just moves like a worm！nSecond, with the ever growing number of cars, air quality in urban areas is deteriorating with each passing day. We used to see clear blue sky and breathe fresh air, but

35、 now this would be a real luxury. Car exhaust has seriously polluted the air and peoples health is greatly endangered. It seems certain that we human beings have already made a fatal mistake that could only be remedied by bringing down the number of cars hugely.nSure, we can not deny the fact that c

36、ars have brought us speed, comfort and greater mobility. However, these have already been history. We are suffering much more from cars than benefiting from them. Our health conditions are going down rapidly both due to the polluted air that we have to breathe every second and our lack of exercise a

37、s a result of the ever increasing amount of time we have to spend behind the wheel!2.3. Write and Check: ConclusionnPut forward the solutions/suggestionsnSummarize the ideasnWhat can we do? From the foregoing discussion, Im sure we have already found a solution: to discourage people to use cars! I k

38、now very well that science and technology are also developing very fast and there might be better solutions coming up in the future, but, before that, lets first salvage ourselves in such a passive way!3.4 Model Paragraphs handoutsn现象段现象段 n重要性重要性 n危害问题段危害问题段 n别人观点段别人观点段n解释原因段解释原因段n比较段比较段 n举例段举例段 n驳斥

39、段驳斥段现象段现象段nWhile decades ago fake commodities were practically unheard of in economic life, China is suffering from a boom in inferior and fake goods. According to a recent survey, more than 90 percent of those who were questioned admitted to having been tricked into purchasing fake products. Now it

40、 seems almost impossible to find one who would say he has never been influenced by bad product.重要性重要性 nIt is obvious that job interviews are indispensable to both employs and applicants. On the one hand, before making the selection, the interviewer will take advantage of the occasion, work experienc

41、es, personalities and even his career prospect. On the other hand, the applicant can make assessment about the nature of the position he has applied for, the credibility of the institution, and chances of advancement as well. Therefore, the interview is a prelude to employment.危害问题段危害问题段nHowever, th

42、e potential danger new technology poses cannot be ignored. New technology is, so to speak, a two-edged sword in that it can do good, but it can kill as well. For example, while automobiles have thoroughly changed peoples life, imagine how many people have died of mounting accidents and pollution the

43、y have caused. The technology of cloning gives hope of saving life that would be otherwise lost, but if it were used to create new human life, what nightmare mankind would walk into?别人观点段别人观点段nWhen it comes to job-hopping, peoples attitudes vary from person to person. Some tend to think that job-hop

44、ping is a reflection of incompetence and lack of loyalty. Unless they are forced to quit their job, they would stick to the same post for a considerable length of time and take great pride in their faithfulness. They are convinced that long service in an institution ensures everything, ranging from

45、salary, benefits, promotion and training. However, others think of job-hopping as commonplace and necessary.解释原因段解释原因段nThis phenomenon is due to several factors. First, some manufacturers are money-oriented. To their mind, producing fake products is a short-cut toward getting rich. On the other hand

46、, some consumers are under the illusion that inferior goods can be used equally but they are much cheaper. A third contributing cause is the law, much of which cannot punish severely those who manufacture fake products. All this contributes to the wide spread of fake product.比较段比较段nIt is hard to say

47、 whether the advantages of working in a big corporation outweigh those of working in a small company. It all depends on your ambition and personality. If you want more responsibility and quick promotion, then a career with the small firm is ideal. If you think highly of starting salary and reputatio

48、n, then you might as well be a small fish in a big pond.举例段举例段nHowever, it is of vital importance to recognize on what occasion we should never hesitate to say no. A good case in point is the occurrence of helping cheating on test. Are you willing to decline when your good friend asks you for answer

49、s to the questions in an examination? Imagine how many cases of corruption occur just because our public servants do not reply with a resounding “NO to those who have an evil intention. In brief, we should resolutely say no when we think our act will violate our fundamental principle and threaten ou

50、r belief.驳斥段驳斥段nIt is true that human beings are confronted with a series of tough problems, some of which may pose serious threat to human survival, but this does not mean the end of the world. On the contrary, mankind has relied on and will rely on his wisdom to find a way out. Anyway, man is the

51、master of technology, not the other way round, and any doubt about the prosperity of the globe does not hold. Therefore we are confident that humans will have a Brave New World.3.5 AssignmentnSome people believe that money spent on space research benefits all of humanity. Others take the opposite vi

52、ew and say that money for this type of research is wasted. Discuss these positions, using specific examples of both. Tell which one you agree with and explain why.nFor over fifty years, a number of nations have been involved in the exploration of outer space. This research has been very costly, of course.