语法填空和改错全国卷试题及解析

1、2014 年全国卷IAre you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It_61( be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so pollutedthat it 62(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river ison

2、e of _63_most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasn t changed in a few days _64even a few months.It took years of work_65(reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_66(clean)than ever.Maybe you a

3、re facing an impossible situation.Maybe you leave a habit _67_isdriving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation ,don t you wanta quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _68(amaz

4、e) stories of instant transformation, formost of us the_69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be70 (patience).61. 【答案】was【试题解析】根据本段第一句In 1969,the pollution was terrible可知本段叙述的是过去发生的事情。the Cuyahoga River Cleveland 在过去被污染地如此地严重，过去没有人能够想象倒这条

5、河被清理干净。62. 【答案】actually【试题解析】本句中使用副词actually 做状语修饰谓语动词caught fire ， actual 是形容词，不能在句中做状语，通常只做定语或者表语修饰名词。63. 【答案】the【试题解析】本句横线后面的most 是最高级的形式，所以使用the most outstanding 的形式。64. 【答案】or【试题解析】句义： 但是这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。本句中的or “或者”表示选择的意思。65. 【答案】to reduce【试题解析】考察固定句式：It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花了某人时

6、间；句中的不定式to reduce he industrial pollution and clean the water是句子真正的主语。前面的it 是形式主语。66. 【答案】cleaner【试题解析】句义：最后人们的努力得到了回报，现在这条河比以前更干净了。横线后面有than ，说明横线上应该使用比较级的形式。67. 【答案】that/which【试题解析】本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit ， 定语从句中使用关系动词that/which指代先行词在句做主语。68. 【答案】amazing【试题解析】现在分词转换的形容词常常修饰事物，过去分词转换的形容词常常修饰人或者与人有关的事

7、物。横线后面是名词story ，说明应该使用现在分词转换的形容词。69. 【答案】changes【试题解析】本句中谓语部分是系动词are ,说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用 changes。70. 【答案】Patient【试题解析】横线前面有系动词be,说明本句是一个祈使句be patient耐心一点。因为很多变化都是逐渐发生的，需要很多努力，我们要耐心一点。2015年全国卷IIt was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn ' t care. A few ho

8、urs 62, I ' d been at home inHong Kong, with63(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I ' d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists inso many Chinese 65(p

9、ain ting). Instead, I ' d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin, it ' s only an hour away 66 car and offers allthe scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo 67(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers68(conduct) bythe website TripAdvisor namesYangshuo as one of the top 1

10、0 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people inAsia.Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(内容简介：这是一篇游记，主要记 录了作者在中国阳朔的所见所闻以及自己的感想。 6

11、1. 填 arrived 。考查时态的用法。根据主句中的 was和后一句中的didn ' t可知此处应用一般过去时。62 . 填before / earlier 。考查副词的用法。根据句意和 I' d been at home的时态可知，此处指的是“几个小时前我待在香港的家里”，所以“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived 之前，故此处填 before或earlier 均可。63 .填its 。考查代词的用法。由于空格被修饰的词smog是名词(意思是“烟雾”)，故此处应填容词性物主代词形式，即用 its。64 .填that / which 。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用

12、法。根据此处的句意以及句子结 构，可以看出这是一个定语从句，由于受定语从句修饰的先行词指物，而且关系代词在定语从句中是用作主语，所以该定语从句可用关系代词that或which来引导。65 .填paintings 。考查名词的数判断和用法。由于所填之词受到so many的修饰，所以要用复数形式。66 .填 by。考查介词的用法。根据英语习惯，表示乘坐交通工具时，若表示交通工具的 名词前没有冠词，则用介词 by来表示乘坐。67 .填is。综合考查时态和主谓一致的用法。根据下文的时态可知，空格处应填一般现 在时。另外，由于 Yangshu。是单数第三人称名词，故填 is。68 . 填conducte

13、d。考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句意和句子结构可知，study和conduct之间为被动关系(同时注意空格后的介词by),所以使用过去分词作定语。69 . 填 regularly 。考查形容词派生为副词的用法。由于所填之词是用于修饰动 词 arrange 的，故要用副词形式。70 .填living 。考查非谓语动词的用法。由于 people与live 之间为主动关系，故用 现在分词形式，在此用作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句 who live 。 Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I_61_(arrive)in Yangshuo just befo

14、re dawn. But I didn 't care. A few hours_62_,I 'd been at home in Hong Kong, with_63_(it)choking smog. Here, the air was clean andfresh, even with the rain.I 'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the l imestone mountain tops and dark waters of the LiRiver_64_arepic

15、tured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting).Instead, I ?d headstraight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it 's only an houraway_66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-knowncity.Yangshuo_67_(be)really beautiful. A study oftravelers_68_(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor

16、names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 dest inationsin the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel com pany inHong Kong, says it(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2015年全国卷I第

17、四部分写作（共两下满分35）h-H-短文改错（10分）When I was achild, Ihoped toliveintheciyt. I thinkI wouldbe happy thereNow Iam livinginacity,but I missmy homein countryside.There theair iscleanorthemountains aregreen.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studi

18、es have been shown that global war ming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breath e in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying ou t .We must found ways to protectyour environment. If we fail todo so ,we ' ll live toregret it.76. think - thought句意：我认为在在那儿

19、很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时， 表示一过去认为II77. countryside 前加the 句意：但是我想念农村的家乡。这里countryside 是特指，故用定冠词the。78. or-and句意：那里山绿并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为并列关系，故用连 词 and。79. onwith句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语with the development of 随着的发展。80. been去掉 句意：许多研究表明。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。81. seriously serious句意：全球变暖已经成为严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰名词，前面用

20、形容词修饰。82. airs air 句意： 我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词 air 为不可数名词。83. much many句意：许多罕见的动物已经消失。名词 animal为可数名词，故用 many修饰。84. found find 句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词must 后接动词原形。85. your our 句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我们的环境。2014 全国卷 II another阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。61(be )latefor scho

21、ol.Therewere many people waiting atthebus stop,62some of them looked very anxious and63(disappoint).When the bus finallycame , we all hurried onboard .I gota placenext64the window , so I had a goodview of thesidewalk.A boy on abike65(catch)my attention.he wasridingbeside the bus and waving his arms

22、. I heardapassenger behind me shouting to thedriver , but he refused66(stop) untilwe reached thenext stop .Still, the boy kept67(ride). He was carryingsomething over his shoulder andshouting .Finally, when we cameto the next stop , the boy ranup to thedoor ofthe bus . I heard an excited conversation

23、 .Thenthe driverstoopup and asked, “68anyone lose a suitcaseat the laststop?” A woman onthe bus shouted ,“ Oh dear “One morningIbus stopwasI ) ” .She pushed69the driver and to theIt iswaiting at theworried aboutlittleboy .Everyone on the busher way tobegan talkingabout what thehad done .And the pass

24、engers70_( sudden)became friendly toboyone2015 年全国卷II第n卷第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45 分） 第二节（共 10 小题，每小题分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The adobe dwellings ( 土坯房)61(build)bythePuebloIndiansof the AmericanSouthwest are admired byeventhe62most modern of architectsand engineers. In additiontotheirs

25、implebeauty,what makes theadobe dwellings admirableis their63ability(able)to “ air condition ” a house withoutusing64( use) electricequipment. Walls made of adobe take intheheat from the sun on hot days and give out that heatslowly65( slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When anew day b

26、reaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now c old enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; 67 the sametime, theywarmup againfor the night.Thiscycle 68(go)dayafterday:The wallswarm up duringthedayand cooloff during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消 ) for the outside tem

27、peratures. As 69 (nature) architects, t he Pueblo Indians figured out exactly70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.。 build 与其定语the adobe dwellings 是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应该用其过去分词形式。形容词most modern 前加定冠词the 、。 their 后接名词，able 的名词形式为ability 。介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing 。 用slow

28、的副词形式slowly修 饰 动 词 give out. cool 形 容 词 加 enough 后 接 不 定 式。at the same time 是固定词组。根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。形容词做定语修饰名词 architects 。根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick ,连接宾语从句2015 高考新课标卷I 短文改错解析 【高考真题】第二节 短文改错( 共 10 分 ; 每小题 1 分 , 满分 10分 ) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在

29、缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10 处 , 多者 ( 从第 11 处起 ) 不计分。When Iwas achild, I hoped to livein thecity. I thinkI wouldbe happy there.NowI am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mounta

30、ins are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriouslyproblem. The airs we breathe in is gettingdirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. Wemust foun

31、d ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we ll live to regret it.【答案及解析】1. think - thought时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示"过去认为"。 来源、 2. 在 in 和 countryside 之间添 the 。考查冠词习惯用法。in the countryside 固定短语，必须用定冠词。3. or 改为 and 连词用法错误。前后句为并列关系，故用连词and。4. on改为with 短语搭配错误。短语 with the development of

32、随着的发展。5. 删去been。 考查时态语态。此句不含有被动的意思，studies 和 show 之间存在主动关系。6. seriously 改为 serious 。考查形容词。修饰名词problem ，应该用形容词形式。7. airs改为 air 。考查名词复数。air 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。句子中谓语动词是第三人称单数is 。8. much改为many。考查名词修饰语。修饰复数名词 animals ,应该用 many, much只能修饰不可数名词。9. found 改为 find 。考查动词。情态动词之后应该用不带to 的不定式，不能用过去式或过去分词形式。10. your 改为

33、our 或者the 。考查人称代词。人称不一致错误。 “环境”是我们共同的。2015 年全国卷II第二节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有11. 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词作斜线（）划掉。修改： 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。centerwithhisparent

34、.Ishopwindow.Helikedittheshop.Afterlooksatand foundwherehis parenOne day , little Tony went to a shopping t was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a so very much that he quickly walked into the toy for some time, he turned aroundts were missing. Tony was scared and beguntocry. A woman saw himdrying and

35、 telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minuteslater,Tonysaw parents.Mom said, “ How niceto see you again! DadandIwere terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.Tony 没有告诉父母就独自parents 。试题分析：本文讲述了小男孩Tony 和父母上街购物，街上人多，进了一家商店，结果和父母走散，后来在街上又得以相见的故事。71. parent 改为 parents 看下

36、文可知，是父母两个，所以用72. on 改为 in Tony 走进商店，说明玩具在橱窗里面，用in 。73. very去掉 这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思，应该是：like so much that .74. looks 改为 lookingafter 之后跟从句或v-ing 形式， 故 looks 改为 looking75. where 改为 that 或者去掉where found 后面的宾语从句是陈述句，故where改为 that 或者去掉where。76. begun 改为 began and 前后的谓语动词时态要一致，故begun 改为began。77. telling 改为 tol

37、d and 前后的谓语动词时态要一致，see 和 tell 是并列谓语，故telling 改为 told 。78. a 改为 the 由上下文可知，此处 shop 是第二次出现，应该用定冠词，故 a 改为 the 。79. saw后加his由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。80. terrible 改为 terribly 修饰形容词worried 要用副词，故terrible 改为terribly 。2014 全国卷 II第四部分写作（共两节，满分35 分） 第一节短文改错（共10 小题；每小题1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。My dream school starts at 8:30. and ends at 3:30. They are threelessonsin the morning and two in the afternoon.Wedidntneedto do so manyh