高中英语八大时态总结及习题

1、高中英语八大时态全套精讲英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下（以study为例）:时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在studybe studyinghave studiedhave been studying过去studiedbe studyinghad studiedhad been studying将来will studywill be studyingwill have studiedwillhavebeenstudying过去将来would studywouldbestudyingwould have studiedwouldhavebeenstudying.1 一般现在时的用法1）经

2、常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every -,sometimes, at ，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例： Columbus proved that the e

3、arth is round.4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。 再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志， 表示 正在进行的动作的客观状况

4、，所以后句用一般现在时。二.构成及变化1、be动词的变化肯定句：主语+be（am,is,are）+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + 其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为肯定句：主语+动词原形（+其它）。 如:否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形（+其它）。一般疑

5、问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它？ school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.doWe often play basketball after school.如： we don t play basketball after school.如： Do you often play basketball after特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句 ？ 如： What do you often do after school当主语为第三人称单数时，助动词为does肯定句：主语+动词三单式（+其它）。如： He swims well.否定句：主语+ does

6、n t+动词原形(+其它)。如： He doesn t swim well.一般疑问句： Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如： Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？如： How does your father go to work?三、第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母，结尾加e

7、s :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音：将y改为i加es:studyfstudies flyfflies carry f carries cry fcries但在 y 前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says2 一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon,evening - ) last night (week,

8、 month, year)，a moment ago , a week ago, three yearsagojust now,等。Where did you go just now？2) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do 表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。例： The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody. (老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的

9、人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。)He used to visit his mother once a week. (他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)3) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、 礼貌、 商量的语气。情态动词could, would.例： I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car？ (我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？)Would you mind my sitting here？ (您介意我坐在这里吗？)典型例题Your phone number again？ I _ quite catch it.Its

10、 69568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。二、构成及变化1 . Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。 (was not=wasn t)are 在一般过去时中变为were。 (were not=weren t)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are一样，即否定句在 was或were 后加not, 一般疑问句把 was或were调到句首。2 .行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：

11、肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主语 + didn t + 动词原形.I didn t watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn t .特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以 did 开头的一般疑问句?What did you do last Sunday ?3、现在进行时( be doing)一、意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。时间标志now,句前

12、的look ,listen二、构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing 形式肯定句：主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他 )I m doing my homework now .否定句：主语+be+not+ 动词 -ing + 其他 .I m not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他？Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , I m not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +be+主语+动词-ing+其他？What are you doing now

13、？三、现在分词的构成：(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing,如 skate fskating make fmaking dance f dancing write f writing have f having ride f riding come f coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetti

14、ng letting四、现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)C. 表示计划或安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来d. 与 always, constantly, forever,often 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话

15、人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.典型例题My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing,havent found.4 过去进行时(was/were doing)i）概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在 进行的动作2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背

16、景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3）常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileIt was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was ma

17、king D. makes2) As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.read; was falling B. was reading ； fell C. was reading ； was falling D. read; fell 一、过去进行时结构：was/were +动词的现在分词否定句则在 was/were后加一个not,疑问句将 was/were提前则可。如： He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.f He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.f Was h

18、e reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.) fWhat was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?二、过去进行时用法：1 .过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如：（just） then 那时， 当时 at this/that time在这/那时yesterday afternoon 昨天下午18 / 18at nine 在九点候last night 昨晚(at) this time yesterday 在昨天这个时但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这

19、时需要通过上下文来表示。What were you doing at nine last night?昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？ I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看电视。 They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。those days, the whole2.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语I车用。(1) From 1983

20、 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .从 1983 到 1998 年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。(2) They were building a bridge last winter .去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。(3) He was writing a book Ithose days.那几天他正在写一本书3.过去进行时与频度副词always forever, continually , constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。（1） My sister was always forgetting things.（表

21、示埋怨） He was always helping others.（表示赞扬）4.过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。5、过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。(1)过去进行时表示 回去某时正在进行的动作而一般过去时则表示一个|完成的动作|。也 就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时,则强调动作的连续性。I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午

22、我写了一封信。(信写完了)I was writing a letter this morning.今天上午我在写一封信。(信不一定写完)(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like , love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know , want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我讨厌人们说话时口 里含着食物。(3) 一般过去时与 always , constantly, forever, continua

23、lly等连用，表示“过去经常性、 习惯性的动作“；而过去进行时与 always, constantly , forever, continually等连用，表示 动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。如：He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。7下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：(1) .表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tom was getting up at six o clock every day that week. 汤姆那周里每天者B是六点钟起床。(2)

24、 .与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟至U。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。(4) when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们

25、正在夕卜边玩，这时下起雨来了。go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉。She was coming later.她随后就来。三、when, while 的用法when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有 “当.时候”之意,用法稍有不同： when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词， 而while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。 when引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂性动词则用一般过

26、去时，主句是延续性动词 则用过去进行时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内(长动作用过去进行时， 短动作用一般过去时)；如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词则全部用过 去进彳亍时，这时 when 和 whilewhile 和 as 从 when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 when 和 while 两个词还可以用作并列连词，但意思不同，when 相当于“在那时”，:相当于but,表示对when +短/延while + 延等于 at that time 或just then;而 while 则相当于 “而：去k 但是“ 比关

27、系。(这一点暂时可以不掌握)eg. (1) I was playing computer games when my father got home.=When my father got home,I was playing computer games.(2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework.=When/While I waS doing my homework, mother was cooking.过去进行时巩固练习：(聪明的你一定能全部做对)1. Simon(make) a model plane t 8:0

28、0 a.m?2. Peter(do) his homework dt seven last night.3. They(watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.4. He(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.5. What book you(read) when I(see)you at four yesterdayafternoon?6. While she(watch) TV , her son(play) outside the room.7. It(be

29、gin) to rain while ：e(work) in the field.8. I(do) my homework last night when the light(go) out. go out 意为熄 灭9. I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing?Oh, I(read) some books on science.10. Girls(dance) while boys(sing) at the party.11. - Did you see Tim just now?-Yes. He(

30、fish) by the river.12. When |the teacher(come) into the classroom, the students (laugh) loudly.5一般将来时一、意义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。时间标志： tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二.构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形：表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。s

31、hall/will+动词原形：表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性，还用来表示意愿be going to +动词原形肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐准备明年学英语。否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。一般疑问句Be (am / is / are)+主语+going t

32、o+动词原型+其它成份？Is your father going to play basketball with you ? 你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗？No , he isn t.不。.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句？Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?春节你打算在哪过 ？.注意：be going to结构后面习惯上不跟go , come等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如：He s going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.will /shall +动词原形(在书面语中，主语是第一人称

33、时，常用 shall，在口语中，所有人称都可以用will)1 .肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份(shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2 .否定句主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形+其它成份They won t watch TV this evening. 今天晚上他们不看电视。3 .一般疑问句will/shall+ 主语+动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4 .特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-) + 一般疑问句When

34、 will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来?三、附：Shall I /we常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you？他们的回答比较灵活。5 .Shall we go to the park ?肯定 Sure , let s go .否定 No , let s go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ？肯定 Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 I m sorry. I m afraid I can t.四、时间标志：

35、tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon ,this evening 1) shall 用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening？2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow？b. 计

36、划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时

37、的时间状语连用。5) be going to / will用于条件句时，be going to 表将来will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror6) be to 和 be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观

38、的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. ( 主观安排).7 一般现在时表将来1)下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示

39、动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes （不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4 ） 在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure th

40、at the windows are closed before you leave the room.8用现在进行时表示将来意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?6 .过去将来时（would do）1 .概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2 .时间状语： the next day（morning, year）,the following month（week）,etc.3 .

41、基本结构： was/were/going to + do ； would/should + do.4 .否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5 .一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。6 .例句： He said he would go to Beijing the（1）过去将来时由“助动词 would+动词原形”构成。 would常缩略为do（2）过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。如：I didnt know

42、 if she would come 。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday 。过去将来时也可以用“was（were） going to +动词原形”来表示。如：I didnt know if she was going to come 。Wang Lei said that she was going to visit7现在完成时（have/has done）用法1：表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志，: already, yet, just, ever, never, before用

43、法2:表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。标志，: for, since, since ago基本结构：助动词 have/has +动词的过去分词（当主语是第三人称单数时用has淇余人称用have）1）肯定式：主语 + have / has +过去分词2）否定式：主语 + have / has + not +过去分词3）一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+过去分词Yes,主语 + have/has.（肯定）No,主语 + havent/hasnt.（否定）4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词例句 1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成

44、。如： 1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。（过去某时开始做，到现在已完成）2）He has already come 他已经来了。（过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。）2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。如： 1）I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。（六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从 1990 年就在沈阳住。（从1990 年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可

45、能就此为止。）注意 1） 当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或 since 引导的状语。例如： I ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经4 年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从 8 年前我就在这工作。注意2）当在肯定陈述句中含有 already或just时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already或 just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如： I have already seen the film. I haven t seen the film yet.He has just come. He ha

46、sn t come yet?使用时注意事项1 .“ have/ has got ” 形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意思“有”。如： Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有笔友吗?是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn t.他有许多工作要做吗?不，他没有。2 . have/has gone to 、 have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/ has be

47、en to 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用如： He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10 年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗?3 . have/ has been to 常和 once, twice, never, ever 连用；have/ has gone to 贝U不可。例如：一 Has Tom ever been to Paris?汤姆去过巴黎吗？Yes, he s be

48、en there several times.是的， 他去过好几次了。Where have they gone?他们去哪里了 ?They ve gone to Shenyang.他们去沈阳了。4 .非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时+ 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop 等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。例如： arrive, come f be here, be in buy f have begin, start - be on

49、;die - be deadfinish, end f be over go out f be outjoin f be inborrowfkeep finish/end fbe overclose f be closed leave, move f be away; fall asleep f be asleep10 比较过去时与现在完成时1） 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterda

50、y, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once ， before, already, recently， lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn

51、,work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎

52、回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）He joined the League three years ago.（ 三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。）I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中

53、如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.用于现在完成时的句型1） It is the first / second time . that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third tim

54、e that the boy had been late.2） This is the that结卞that从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming(2) -H

55、ave you been to our town before?-No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come8 . 现在完成进行时(have been doing)用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。例： We have been working on this project for over a month now. (到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。)注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。例： 1997 年 6 月四级第45 题It seems oil from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apartto put it right.A) had leakedB) is leakingC) leakedD) has been leaking9 过去完成时(had done)1. 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或