高考的英语语法必考点与常考点归纳

1、标准实用2016高考英语语法必考点与常考点归纳、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an ）,定冠词（the）,和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法1指,类人或事，相当于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2A次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相中 every , oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相中 the sameWe are nearly of an age.5附于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事Hello, could I

2、speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isn't Mr.Smith here.A.不填 B. aC. theD.oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用丁 quite, rather, many, half, what,such之后This room is rather a big one.8用丁 so（as, too, how）

3、+ 形谷词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success（抽象名词）-a success（ 具体化）成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事a must必需必备的事a good knowledge of精通掌握某一方回的知识II. 定冠词的用法1表示某一类人或物In many places in China, bicycle is stillpopular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /;

4、a C. the; aDJthe; the2用于世上独f二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠t用法5）Could you tell methe way to Johnsons,please?Sorry, we do

5、n' t haveJohnson here inthe village.A. the; the B. the; aC. /; theD. the; /7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级刖He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party ofChina, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990'

6、; s（二十世纪九十年代）11用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12附十方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专用名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前后 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，

7、一日三餐刖March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通方式的名词前Wewent right round to the west coast bysea instead of drivingacross continent.A. the; the B.不填；theC. the; 不填D.不填；不填7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and

8、 wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专启名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体 机构名称可数名词不口数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意：名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质She held some flowers in her hand.花儿个体名词 The trees are now in flower开花抽象名词Youth is beautiful. He is a youth of twenty日行抽象名词年轻人个体

9、名词 They have achieved remarkable success in their work.一How about the Christmas evening party?-I should say it was a success.成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.铁物质名词 Please lend me your iron.熨斗个体名词 He broke a piece of glass.玻璃物质名词 He broke a glass.玻璃杯个体名词 I bought a chicken

10、 this morning小鸡个体名词 Please help yourself to some鸡肉物质名词chicken抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象 名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连 用，表示某一次短暂 的动作一I ' d likeinformation about the management of yourhotel,please. Well, you could haveword with the manager. He mightbe helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey sent us word

11、of the latest happenings.消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the Could we havewordbeforeyou go to the meeting?话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类 例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance（进步）/make an early start（ 早点出发 ）/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of p

12、ain（发出痛占的叫严）/give a try表示知识和时间的抽 象名词转换为普通名 词时可以用来表示其中的一部分 Many people agree thatknowledge of English is a mustininternational trade today.A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD./, thea knowledge of truth（知道实际情况）give a fuller knowledge of China（提供关于中国更为翔实的知识）have a knowledge of shorthand（有速记的知识 ） If there were n

13、o examination, we should haveat school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier timeC.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money.A.The timeB.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名词转换为普通 名词可用来表7K “一 次、一阵、一种”具 体的行为、事件、现 象或结果。这时名词 前往往有形容词修饰 Oh, John.you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surpriseC.W

14、hat a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise She looked upwhen I shouted.A.in a surprise B.inthe surprise C.insurprise D.insome surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. Wehavehad some unpleasant surprise It iswork of art that everyone wants to have a look atit.A.so unusual B.suc

15、h unusual C.suchan unusualD.so an unusualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es （参看有关语法书） 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表III.主谓一致规则例词1改变名词中的元首字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, speciesseries,means, works,fish,3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glass

16、es, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体） 也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关）,forces（ 军队）,times（ 时代）, spirits（ 情绪）,drinks（ 饮料）,sands（ 沙滩）, papers（文件

17、报纸）,manners（ 礼貌），looks（ 外 表）, brains（ 头脑智 力），greens（ 青 菜）， ruins（废墟）7表小 某 国人”加-sAmericans, Australians,Germans, Greeks,Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的 改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers, boy frie

18、nds无主体名词时将取后郃 分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants规情况举例则语以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.法词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用 单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词由

19、what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多 数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主一川军L女K兀工h。句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is （are） helpful for you.由连接词and或both - and连接起来的主Lucy and Lily are twins致语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若The writer and artist has come.所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物Every student and eve

20、ry teach is in the时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由andclassroom.连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,Many a boy and many a girl likes it.原each, every 或 more than aNo boy and no girl likes it.（an）/one,many a （an）修饰时，其谓语Each of us has a new book.动词要用单数形式。either, neither,Is everyone here today?则each, every 或no+单数名词和由 some, any no, every构

21、成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Somebody is speaking in class.Everything around us is matter若none of后面的名词是/、可数名词，它的 谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复 数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been to America.在定语从句里，关系代词that, who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 句中先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please write their name

22、s on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the （only） one of my friends who is working hard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致ItisI_who am going tothecinematonight.Itiswewho are going tothecinematonight.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are looking for the lost child

23、.The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .（他的一家）His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor. （四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分

24、数或百分数 +名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词 的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.Three-fourths of the surface of the earthis sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还后 a number of + 里数名词后类似 的用法（用复数），但the number of + 复数 名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the f

25、arm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.逻 辑 意义一致 原 则What, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决

26、定。Which is your bag?Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English?Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done.All is going well.All have been taken out.All have gone to Beijing.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这 是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整 体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pound

27、s is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的 复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights " is an interesting story-book.表数量的短语“one and a half "后面接 复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数 形式。One and a half apples is left on the

28、 table.一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics以及news, works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形 式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。I don' t think physics is easy to study.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors （ 男力）等词作主语时，谓语用 复数，但如果这些名词前后a（the） pairof等里词修饰时（clo

29、thes 被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一 类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时， 动词用单数。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就 近/ 远一致 原 则当两个主语由 either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时， 谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,

30、即就近-<oEither the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be动词的单复数取决 于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk and two chai

31、rs in thef,即就room.主语后 面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致， 即就丘致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but J

32、im and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.三、代词I.代词可以分为以下八大类1人称代 词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容词性物 主代词my, your, his,

33、 her, its, our, their名词性物主 代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs2反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves3指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some4疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever5关系代词/连接代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as

34、6不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7相互代词each other,one anotherII.不定代词用法注意点类另I区另1J例句one, some, any 和 itone可以泛指人或者事（东 西），其复数为onesWe ve been looking at the houses but haven' t foundwe like yet.A.one B.onesC.i

35、t D.them Cars do cause us some health problems - in fact far more seriousthan mobilephones do.A.oneB.onesC.itD.thosesome可用于疑问句中，表 示盼望得到肯定的答复， 或者表示建议，请求等Your coffee smells great! It ' s from Mexico . Would you like?A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittlesome和any修饰可数名 词单数时，some表小某个， any表小任何一个 I have read this ar

36、ticle in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.一Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?way as you please.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Eitherone指同类中的一个，it 指代同一种类的东西。此 外it还可以作形式主语、 形式宾语和用于强调句型 史。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? No, I ' d ra

37、ther buy in the bookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;itsome 多用于肯止句，any多用于疑问句和否定句 There ' scooking oil in the house.Would you go to the corner store and get .A.1ittle,someB.1ittle,anyC.a little,some D.a little,any We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for.A.noneB.eithe

38、rC.anyD.each He doesn' t have furniture in hisroom -just an old desk.A. anyB. manyC. someD. mucheach 和 everyeach强调个别，代表的数 可以是两个或两个以上， 而every强调整体，所指 的数必须是三个或二个以 上 Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary. = Weeach have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak poin

39、ts. /Every one of us has strong and weak points.none 和 nono 等于 not any,作te语。 none作主语或兵语，代替 /、可数名词，谓语用单数， 代替可数名词，谓语单复 数皆可以 There is no water in the bottle. Howmuch water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other 和 anotherother泛指“另外的，别 的”常与其他词连用，如： the ot

40、her day, every otherweek, someother reason, no other way,the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others Both sides have accused ofbreaking the contract.A. another B. the other C. neither D. eachTwo students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another 指“又一个，另 一个”无所指，复数形式是others ,泛指 “别的人或事” We

41、had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun , so let ' s haveone this month .A. the otherB. some C. anotherD. other The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. Some like football,while others likebasketball.either 和 neither前者意思为：两者都（两 者中任何一方都）；后 者意思为：两者都一Do you want

42、tea or coffee?,I really don't mind.A. none B. neither C.either D.all It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in whichof the parents spokethe language.A. none B. neither C. both D.each四、形容词和副词I.形容词1 .形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing, one 等构成的复合不定代词时nobod

43、y absent, everything possible2以-able,-ible结尾的形谷词可置于后最茴级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容，可可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on wit

44、h7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置to take his adventure course will certainlylearn a lot of usefulskills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough studentsB.Enough breave studentsC.Students brave enoughD.Students enough brave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类 别往后靠。规则：限定语（The、A） +描绘性形容词 + siz

45、e （小）+ shape （形状）+ age （年 龄、时间）+ color （颜色）+ origin （国籍、来源）+ material （材料）+ purpose （目的）+名词。 This girl is Linda ' s cousin. （05北京卷）A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish2 .复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-bl

46、ue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looki ng8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year3 .形容词（短语）作伴随状语As he looked at the goat, it rolled over,dead .当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的

47、路。II .副词的分类：1时间soon, now, early,5频度副词always, often, frequently,副词finally,once,recentlyseldom, never2地点 副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式 副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度 副词almost, nearly, very, fairl

48、y, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, whyIII .形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est ,多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。项 目例句同级比较时常常用 asas以及notso（as）as She is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用 “比较级 （+ than ）”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另 一方阴藏起来的情况。This p

49、icture is more beautifulthan that one.I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).表小一方/、及另,方时， 用 less +原 级 + than 白结构表7KThis room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themorethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比较级来表达最局级的意思I have never spent a mo

50、re worrying day.我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。（意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。）倍数的表达表达 法一： A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。表达 法二： A is three(four,etc.)times asbig(high, long, etc.)as B.Asia is four

51、times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。表达 法三： A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice 或 double.注意：1.可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still,yet, by far, any, a

52、 great deal;2.表示“最高程度”的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如： favourite, excellent,extreme, perfect , superiorjunior等。五、动词和短语动词知识网络动词的分类行为动词（实义动词）及物动词（带兵语）：study, develop;不及物动词（/、带宾语）work, swim, go, come状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong动作动词： 延续性（work, stay ）;非延续性（marry, go, come）连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合

53、谓语）be（am,is,are）,do（does,did）;have（has）;will,would,shall情态动词can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)短语动词常见的构成方式及其注息点动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn every light in the house off.请把 里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）注息：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词向动词分开She

54、 turned off all the lights which had been left on.她关掉了所有还在凫着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间She gave them away.她送掉了 它们。同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异ring back 回电话 ring off挂断电话ring up打电话put away 放好 put on穿， 上演 put up挂起，举起。不向动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异break out 发生，爆炸carry out进行，开展go out 熄灭hand out分发let out 放出look out当心sell out卖完set out出发，take out取出work out算出动词+i（及物）I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。 同一动词和/、