大学英语四级考试写作讲义

1、api dvekt ec e vt xr. a d - c statefdgaa. ea eicwkaseelaags-sdeats u u - t a-ari-agaesv-d-eeeas x-gte-tcu-adsgessvegedsxeeccifectt.rlr tssemeva u一.“eleme-gescesae<r e gageecgtecr-xsage-tavlcuts d su is as、ff-. gee一at.g8 sss t-Bg .Ne 9 20. t .5 ye s g et.- e-e-mags-geecgd-ct-t.y5yesrt- tta-ecg-efm

2、ak-ue8e-eerceae-tt-aermaee-auP-t.ssget-cg-s-re-g-m-r a eca-dd e-es-tRas-ae t a- dsa-esegfm-gsdce-tt-aag.tea-、et-v-etermus-s eate-es8est-a-a-eme-ceew-t-gaea- -ccu-s-ao-g-ca c - ts utt ermr-ct_c-te-t-eT-.-a-vcsve-u-gaae-j-euw-s-eys tgec s ut wectaetjc-tgaen-g-rac-rtacNe903. s ss.tBg-98 5e-rs ss e c-j-

3、setcr-tcta-ae-ia-c-t-R-ac-ceaeessstpetate-aes-w-erae-.t.e-s-g c- e as red s uctt-gtet-cBueugetate e es c-ssaeeet-M-ta-y s - - ws ss e gerr-ytcs e tt ese大学英语四级考试写作讲义一、 题型介绍写作（writing）部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值 比例为15%,考试时间30分钟。写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生 根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不 少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语

4、 法错误。二、写作话题和体裁分析：1）写作话题来说基本分两大类：1 .校园生活2 .热点话题2）体裁：1 .议论文2 .说明性议论文3 .叙事性议论文4 .说明文重点：议论的基本能力三、评分标准：2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎。5分一基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误， 且多数为严重错误。8分一基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言 错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分一切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语 言错误，仅有个别小错。字数不够酌情扣分：90-99:扣一分80-89

5、: 扣两分70-79: 扣三分60-69:扣 5 分50-59:扣 7 分例题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “ PracticeMakes Perfect You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the Outline below:1 .怎样理解“熟能生巧”？2 .例如：在英语学习中3 .又如：14 points Sample

6、:It is a famous saying that practice makes perfect. The truth of it is self-evident. The more you practice, the more skillful you will be. Moreover, you will find better ways of doing things. As everyonee a s- c s t.l e a- l ela e .pv- s s i t a d.It. ek.t.- tt v- u . c-g. ac .e isF a-.ts c ea eas s

7、 i2s- 4 61y e. ag.g.l.-f一. a - .u.e.msut a-c-g sgs.isake c y.a s-s- sst.gl 2 -s ak-agfrl t u.F. lt . y3 e- -.-e ye. .ea et- d - f- a-a. - -l - .- sta.te-ess.lt-st-e l- .u a t.t ee-su-awe e d - a-.ac-g ta . s .-a-st u-at.-p y e-.-.yel -l ttte - e-.-st- i. e s - eeea-sl.-e s. se- u-.ef se- se us . ee.

8、 . u.- at.-.a - s- e e -.alts-.e -ca.-e et .-a.- l t-a-st-l tlmlse-l- e- - -gs-ls .l -e.g t llul s-a e.ls c- u.e - e ea- lu -s .a.ess.eele-wk- e u-e d -eve -l u l geese ea- -e kt yea -g d u- .tas- . ye-.-le y s -.- g e.ele -tal ee-a e e -se u - sagas.ts e e-ls . e a e sa t -Committee members,decisio

9、ns,such as members ofthe Ce ntral MilitaryCommission.The second ple nary se ssion,is heldi n twose ssi ons beforethe ge neralele ction, mainly to discuss anewState personnelissu es. But byt hethird18session to be hel coor dinate deconomic,politicad inBeiji ng fromNovel,cultural,socialahe thirdhe par

10、ty's construction inthe areaonalreform.hensive reform ofinstitutional guaranteesforprogress ofthe constro brceasketrhveabarnritesr' odfuitdyeas,aconsumpt inodndfaurrtehteor.bIempl nefitecmureentingbaarriers.n"honDesetepcaeni nntgeerenf"o,rsmtaandndar odipzeenoifnfigcialeup isnteorn

11、tasincihe dunlgemtoanaacghieemveeinstintut;tieonnahlasncaifneggutarhetelecodmsmofutnhiemnde conomi c life ofthecountry hasmadeimportant deployment.Inaccorda nce withPRC politi cal pra ctice, oftenateverysession oftheCPCCentralCommittee ina plecan see, practice helps us to be efficient.When we study

12、English, we have so much to learn, such as Grammar, vocabulary. In order to learn it well, we need much practice. We must read a lot, write a lot and listen to a lot. Only through practice can we have a good command of it. Do remember to practice if you want to speak English fluently and express you

13、rself freely.Another case in point is typing. A good typist can type fast and accurately. But you will not be surprised at her performance if you know how much time she has spent practicing. Through practice, she has both her typing speed and accuracy to be improved.It goes without saying that pract

14、ice makes perfect. Since all of us have realized the importance of practice, why not put it into practice?本文最大的特点是连贯性好。作者在文中用了大量的连接词，如：moreover, as, when, in order to, if, but, sin灌； 第二段还用了一个 only 开头的倒装句，收到了很好的效果；文章的最后一句与标题呼应，意味深长。11 points sample:We all know that Practice Makes Perfect. But how to

15、grasp its spirit is still a problem. When you fist do a special job, you will find it is hard for you to complete it very quickly and correctly.lenary sessi on,ea ch sessi on oftheCe ntral Committeeofnationalinstituti onsa nd personnel problemshavebee narrange d,you can conce ntrateon nationaldevel

16、opme ntand reforms.Previouspl enary se ssion is often brande dwith a centralleadi ngcollective ,oftenbyl ooki ng atthe third plenum ofthe i nit iative to foundthe currentcentralleader shi pcoll ectivegover nance characteri stics.Fromthe analysis of theprocess of economicreform inChina, pl enaryse ss

17、i on, 12session, 14,16 ple narysession havepr ogrammaticmeaning, respectively, marking thefourstages ofChina'seconomic reform,astmarketeconomy.Previousple nary sessiontopink,"shi fted to socia list modernizati on;12 session marked thechange fromruralto urba n,esta blished wit hpublin bot ht

18、he oldand thedinati onofpower restrictionand mecha nismst ostrengthen anticonomic-corruption institutiorder ;14 . Fairand efficienta>>.11 - L onal innovation andinstitutind a uthoritative Socialional protesafeguard the pes interests.Legalauthorityto upholdthe Constitution,deepenary session, bu

19、il ding asociali st culturein Chi na,enhancingning t he reform ofadministrative lawenforcemenationalcultural soft power, must a dhere t o theoripower i ndepe nde ntly andimpartiallyaccor ret othedev elopmentofSocialistculturewitheprchanism ofju-. 一d work-orieove thesystem ofjudipeni ng reformofcultc

20、ialprote ction of huma nrights.Pl enary sessiure.o improve the cult uralmanagement sydher etothe system, andletthe pe opleaJ .一 . .he modern market systemand buildiequitableof powerfulsystem,ishing and preventipromoti ng political integritoplet he mostchieve,and better meetThe way to solve this prob

21、lem is to practice. After some time, when you do it again, you will find you can do it better than before. It is because your practice makes perfect.It is very important to remember many new words when you study English. At first, perhaps you can not remember so many new words in short time. Then yo

22、u need practice. When you practice more and more, you will find it is not so difficult to remember new words, there is many rules in their spellings. The more you practice, the more rules you can grasp. Then you can easily remember new words.For another example, if you are asked to play baskerball,

23、perhaps you ' veiever toughed basketball before, perhaps you can not control the ball and can not shoot. That ' not a problem. The success lies in practice. If you practice more, soon you can became a good player. You can control the ball freely and shoot precisely.If you don ' t trust i

24、t, just try it.整篇文章表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误，结尾无力。api dvekt ec eit x.a - c statef8 sst- Bej g - Novee 9 20. t 25 ye s g etd.y seie-magL-g e-lu. s -ag- ctL uctt v e-m- s ct.c-t e-itr e作文自我批改评分表:扣题及结构字数语法及单词错误书法连贯及文米好中差多中少少中多好中差好中差542120320210210近11年四级考试作文题目:年份四级作文题目2009.6Free Admission to Museums2008.12Li

25、miting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags2008.6Recreational Activities2007.12What electives to Choose2007.6Welcome to Our Club2006. 12On the CCTV Spring Festival Gala2006. 6On Students ' Selecting Lectures2006.6Volunteers Needed2005. 12Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?2005.6In Ho

26、nor of Teachers on the Occasion of T eacher ' s Day2004.12A Campaign Speech2004.6A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction2003. 12A Letter in Reply to a Friend2003. 6An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident2002.12It Pays to Be Honest2002.6Student Use of Computers2002.1A Letter to the Univ

27、ersity President about the CanteenService on Campus2001. 6A letter to a Schoolmate2001.1How to Succeed in a Job Interview?2000.6Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?2000.1How I Finance My College Education?1999.6Reading Selectively or Extensively?1999.1Don' t Hesitate to Say“ No”三、写作技巧：议论文的思路与练

28、习a.看到题目做分析，然后“思维风暴”，把你想要写的方面的内容的关键词写在纸上。把大的题目化小，从细节入手，小处细处见真情练一练：1) Don' t hesitate to say“No”(1991.1)2) The influence of Internet3) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities (1998.1)b.逆向思维，从命题的对立面去思考问题，大谈如果缺失该事物将会怎样。练一练：1) The importance of fresh drinking water2) Advantages of a Harmonious FamilyCommitte

29、e members,deci sions,such as members ofthe Ce ntral MilitaryCommission. The second ple nary se ssion,is heldi n twose ssi ons beforethe ge neralele ction, mainly to discuss anewState personneli ssu es. But byt hethirdc. 分组或分层思考：分组：读者或受众的年龄，性别，国别等；专家，群众；拥护者，反对者分层：政府，社会，个体(我)d. 举例子两种基本推理法常用于议论文中，一种是归纳

30、推理法(Induction) ,一种是演绎推理法(Deduction) 。归纳法是从个别(特殊)到一般的推理方法；演绎法则从一般陈述开始，最后得出一般性的结论，是一种从一般到个别(特殊)的推理方法。1) 确信理解主题写作之前，仔细思考并确信已完全理解主题。2) 列出清单写之前可列出事物的好处和坏处，以便收集信息。3) 确立自己的观点是支持，反对，还是两边说4) 仔细组织理想的论述顺序是从低潮到高潮，即按重要程度排列。文章结尾部分是最重要的地方，应尽可能给读者留下深刻印象。5) 加进详细资料以支持每个论点开始写文章主体部分时，记住要用详细资料支持每个论点。你需要提供事实、统计数字、实例等6) 得

31、出结论lenary sessi on,ea ch sessi on oftheCe ntral Committeeofnationalinstitutionsa nd personnel problemshavebee narrange d,you can conce ntrateon nationaldevelopme ntand reforms.Previouspl enary se ssion is often brandedwith a centralleadingcollective ,oftenbyl ooki ng atthe thirdplenum ofthe i nit ia

32、tive to foundthe currentcentralleader shi pcoll ectivegover nance characteri stics.Fromthe analysis of theprocess of economicreform inChina, pl enaryse ssi on, 12session, 14,16ple narysession havepr ogrammaticmeaning, respectively, marking thefourstages ofChina'seconomic reform,andthatthe start-

33、upphaseof reform,reform, construction phaseand perfectingt heSocialist marketeconomy frameworkstageofsocialistmarketeconomy.Previousple nary sessiontopicspropose dtothe t hird pl enary se ssi on of"takingcla ssstr uggleasthe key link,"shifted to socia list modernizati on;12 session marked

34、thechange fromruralto urba n,esta blished wit hpubli最后，需要一个简短的结论。在四级考试中，作者往往没有时间写出非常详尽的结论，那么简单写出一两个结论性的句子也可以。 但要记住你的观点要明确。记叙文思路与练习：“六大要素”即：时间（When）地点（Where）人物（Who）事件（What）原因（Why）结果（How）说明文思路练习：1 .定义法2 .举例法3 .分类法4 .比较法5 .数字法结构组成：1） 段落基本结构与写法：主题句-拓展句-结尾句2） 段落的连贯和完整：联结词的使用3） 句子的完整性，忌全篇使用短句子，要使用几个长句、复合句

35、e a s- c s t.l e a- l ela e .pv- s s i t a d.It. ek.t.- tt v- u . c-g. ac .e isF a-.ts c ea eas s i2s- 4 61y e. ag.g.l.-f一. a - .u.e.msut a-c-g sgs.isake c y.a s-s- sst.gl 2 -s ak-agfrl t u.四级作文通常是三股文：开头-中间-结尾，段落内也是：主题句-拓展句 -结尾句一、 开头段：可以提出一个观点或者列举一个现象，或者用引语开头，或者用设问开头常用句型：(1)When asked aboutmost peop

36、le say(2)When it comes tosome people think(3) Now it is widely believed(4) In reaction to the idea, some people say(5) These days we often hear about(6) Many nations have b een faced with the problem(7) Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern(8) is another bitter truth we have to face now(9

37、) Nowadays there is a growing tendency(10) One of the great early writers said(11) “ Knowledge is power. ” Such is the remark of(12) Should we ? Opinions vary greatly.(13) A proverb says, “ You are only young once. ”(14) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(15) According to a rece

38、nt survey, about 70% of the collegestudents wanted to further their study after their graduation.二、文章主体写作绝招1、 善用引导词可以把引导词置于段首或文中比较显著的位置，使文章更具条理性。推荐：1) to begin with, then, furthermore, finally2) to start with, next, in addition, finally3) first and foremost, besides, last but not least4) most import

39、ant of all, moreover, finally5) on one hand, on the other hand6) for one thing, for another thing7) in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly2、 多用书面语写文章时多用书面语。如：在表示“好”时，选择generous, interesting,smart, gentle等词要比单用nice效果好很多。DentaltoothCorporalbodyOculareyeAuralearCarnalfleshA

40、ccommodationroomsCeasestopComestiblesfoode a s- c s t.l e a- a ela e .pv- s s i t a d.It. ek.t.- tt v- u . c-g. ac .e isF a-.ts c ea eas s i2s- 4 61y e. ag.g.l.-f一. a - .u.e.msut a-c-g sgs.isake c y.a s-s- sst.gl 2 -s ak-agfrl t u.Committee members,decisions,such as members ofthe Ce ntral MilitaryCo

41、mmission.The second ple nary se ssion,is heldi n twose ssi ons beforethe ge neralele ction, mainly to discuss anewState personnelissu es. But byt hethird18session to be hel coor dinate deconomic,politicad inBeiji ng fromNovel,cultural,socialahe thirdhe party's construction inthe areaonalreform.h

42、ensive reform ofinstitutional guaranteesforprogress ofthe constro brceasketrhveabarnritesr' odfuitdyeas,aconsumpt inodndfaurrtehteor.bIempl nefitecmureentingbaarriers.n"honDesetepcaeni nntgeerenf"o,rsmtaandndar odipzeenoifnfigcialeup isnteorntasincihe dunlgemtoanaacghieemveeinstintut;t

43、ieonnahlasncaifneggutarhetelecodmsmofutnhiemnde conomi c life ofthecountry hasmadeimportant deployment.Inaccorda nce withPRC politi cal pra ctice, oftenateverysession oftheCPCCentralCommittee ina plelenary sessi on,ea ch sessi on oftheCe ntral Committeeofnationalinstituti onsa nd personnel problemsh

44、avebee narrange d,you can conce ntrateon nationaldevel opme ntand reforms.Previouspl enary se ssion is often brande dwith a centralleadi ngcollective ,oftenbyl ooki ng atthe third plenum ofthe i nit iative to foundthe currentcentralleader shi pcoll ectivegover nance characteri stics.Fromthe analysis

45、 of theprocess of economicreform inChina, pl enaryse ssi on, 12session, 14,16 ple narysession havepr ogrammaticmeaning, respectively, marking thefourstages ofChina'seconomic reform,astmarketeconomy.Previousple nary sessiontopink,"shi fted to socia list modernizati on;12 session marked thech

46、ange fromruralto urba n,esta blished wit hpublin bot hthe oldand theconomicorder ;14 . Fairand efficientand a uthoritative Socialisafeguard the pes interests.Legalauthorityto upholdthe Constitution,deepening t he reform ofadministrative lawenforcemechanism ofjuove thesystem ofjudicialprote ction of

47、huma nrights.Pl enary sessidher etothe system, andletthe pe opleauthority to letthepowerrcage ofthesystempower policy.Deci sion Scie nct ure openi ng. Ple nary se ssion, aof powerfulsystem,idinati onofpower restrictionand mecha nismst ostrengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation andinstituti

48、onal protenary session, buil ding asociali st culturein Chi na,enhancingnationalcultural soft power, must a dhere t o theorid work-orie-. 一peni ng reformofculture.o improve the cult uralmanagement syhe modern market systemand buildicculturalservi ce system, improvethe levelngdevel opment results mor

49、eequitableCommenceConcealDeemDispatchDonateDwellEdificeEndeavorEvinceExpediteExtendFeasibleFelicitateLocateObtainPartakePerchancePurchaseRemoveResideVeritableVesselbeginhidethinksend outgivelivebuildingtryshowhastengive possible congratulate findgetshareperhaps buytake away livetrueship>>.11 -

50、 L power i ndepe nde ntly andimpartiallyaccor ret othedev elopmentofSocialistculturewitJ .一 . .ng moder npubliunint he Sun,isshut up in aofcult1 I . I. .1shing and preventipromoti ng political integritoplet he mostchieve,and better meet3、 善用短语使用恰当的短语不仅能为文章增色，还能增加文章字数，减轻字数压力。如：I cannot bear it. - I c

51、annot put up with it.I want it. - I am looking forward to it.4、善于变换句式(1)运用串联词。相信每个考生都希望在作文中写出一些长句，以 增加文章的可读性，但句子越长，失误就可能越多，所以不少考生对 使用长句战战兢兢。解决这个问题的办法就是多使用串联词，如：and,besides, furthermore, likewise, moreovero 这些词可以连接前后两个有 先后联系或并列关系的句子。I like sports and Jim is fond of drawing.Not only is the coat soft,

52、but also it' s warm.(2)运用转折句。在评论型作文中，先对自己反对的观点进行一些 正面评论，再用转折性连词或短语despite that, still, however,nevertheless, in spite o蹲引出自己的观点，这样做往往会让论述更有 说服力。The internet has brought people great convenience in getting information, entertainment and contact with others. However, it offers unhealthy programs t

53、hat involve violence and sex content.(3)运用失衡句。失衡句常为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句的变 形。适当运用失衡句往往可突显文章中的闪光点，增加考试得分。e a s- c s t.l e a- a ela e .pv- s s i t a d.It. ek.t.- tt v- u . c-g. ac .e isF a-.ts c ea eas s i2s- 4 61y e. ag.g.l.-f一. a - .u.e.msut a-c-g sgs.isake c y.a s-s- sst.gl 2 -s ak-agfrl t u.F. 1 t . y 3

54、e- - . - - e ye. .ea et- - - d - f- a -a. - -i - .- st sa.t e-ess .1t- st-e 1 - . u a t.t ee-su-a we e d . a-.ac -g ta . s .-a - -st u -a t .-p y e- .-. ye 1 - 1 ttte - e - - - . -st - . e s - e eea-slc-e s . se- u-. e. se - se u s . ee . . u .- at.- -. a - s - e e - .a Is -.e -c a. - e et .-a . - 1 t-a-st- 1 tlmlse-l - e- - -gs-