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1、精诚凝聚=A,=成就梦想 _HIII代词I考纲解读I代词是高中英语的难点,又是高考的重点和热点。英语中的代词种类繁多,有人称代词,物主代词, 反身代词,指示彳t词,不定代词等。主要考点:1 .代词的分类;2 .人称代词的格,物主代词的用法;3 .指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法。今后高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进:加强语境的真实性和复杂性 ,注意人称代词和 物主代词的语境判别;加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【考点纵横】2016 年全国卷2015 年新课标卷20152016 年地方卷目前这么考全国I卷(物主代词his)全国n卷(物主代词our)全国出卷(反身代词myse

2、lf)新课标I卷(物主代词its;物主代词our) 2016年四川(物主代词) 2016年浙江(人称彳t词) 2015年重庆(不定彳t词) 2015年天津(指示彳t词) 2015年陕西(指示彳t词) 2015年福建(不定彳t词) 2015年浙江(it指代从句)今后怎么考高考主要考查在给定的上下文中运用代词、不定代词和替代词的能力。命题主要出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中,侧重在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别【考题导引】1. (2016 全国 I ,68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three month old twin thathad

3、been rejected by(it) mother.答案与解析:its 根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three - month-old twin 可知要用形容词性物主代词。2. (2016 全国 n ,短文改错 )If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gainknowledge we cannot get from books.答案与解析:your -our考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前 面的主语we可知,此处要用our,表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。3. (2016 全国 n ,短文改错 )I

4、t does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.答案与解析:Many-much 考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。4. . (2016 全国出,短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could makedecisions by yourself.答案与解析:yourself-myself 根据句意,此处指“我自己”。5. (2016 浙江, 3)In many ways , the education system

5、in the US is not very differentfromin the UK.翻点亮心灯/(AVA)照亮人生答案与解析:that考查代词。句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词that 指代前文中出现的 the education system 。【知识网络】人林代词物主代词1主格口,阳出口或口”即&了皿,由学);在句中作主语口 宾语(rnMyou,iim.herfK;usjyouhem);在句甲作宾语、表语。名词性(m加"口口花心上墙0加0丫口1"5,由曰腔在句中作主语、宾语,表语。形容词性(.my小口此卜岛池口:工£,

6、口此阿二同臼门:只能放在名词前作定逅.I my sei (, yo u r se. f, hi m s el j h er sei f, i t s el f j 3U rse. v es, you rse ves f th emsely es ; * 作动词或介词(如 by/口f 等 的宾语,或作主语或宾语的同位语盅强谢作用用译作“亲口本人:但不可单触作主语据示代词(ihiMihESEjhag出 口曲乳曲):可作主语、宾语、表语或定语.相互弋同(&ach oilier 1 one anoiher) , Lei s bam fmm each otBet and help each ot

7、her.连接代词(券见名证主从旬) Nd ar.e kr.aws what wil'. happen next.关系代词值见定语从句):Hg who laughs last laughs best.疑问代词(wh弭which,帅whom,wh0能 等);What are you thinking about?表而两者利多者的不定代泥:h 口由值由白fe百小日门mn口二口 ng表示"另外的"不定代词:2rthf,anotherrotherstthe o:her(s)表不,华"的口me和皿不定代即表示号"的fewflkrlefa fewa liide

8、表示“每一知的e,ery(只能在名词前作定语,强调整体)和盟山(强询个体)复合不定1(弋词anyihingjinyGne ranyb3dyomt:hingj someDiie f somebody nothing f no one, nobody 密代词 jtrtliatfonerthose【知识梳理】-、人称代词形式句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they主要用作主语,有时用作表语宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语;口语中常用宾格作表语 She was beautiful and could run faster

9、 than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战,我会欣然接受。二、物主代词形式句法功能形容词性物主代词.my, our, your, his, her, its, their作定语名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs作主语、宾语或表语He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。三、反身代词形式句法功能myself, yourself, yo

10、urselves, themselveshimself, herself,itself,ourselves,作宾语、表语或同位语The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。名师指津含有反身代词的习惯用语:by oneself 独自地for oneself亲自come to oneself苏醒;恢复知觉dress oneself自己穿衣behave oneself举止规矩有礼devote oneself to致力于apply oneself to专心致志了help oneself to随便吃/

11、用enjoy oneself玩得开心seat oneself就座,入座make yourself at home另1J客气teach oneself自学adapt/ adjust oneself to适应于四、指示代词指示代词用法this/thes指在时间或空间上较近的人或 .事物;this可指下文将要谈到的人或物精诚凝聚=A,=成就梦想 _HIIIethat/thos e指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物;that可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情,意思是“如此,这样”。在 believe

12、, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用 so 代替前乂提出的观点 The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015 天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。Studying Wendy ' s menu, I found th at many of the items are simila . r to those of McDonald s.(2012 浙江

13、高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。 Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样:永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。一Is James coming tonight? I think so, but I ' m not sure.詹姆斯今晚会来吗?我想会的,但我不能肯定。五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法不定代词用法each/both/alleach指(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个;both表tk两者都;all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有,全部”eit

14、her/neithereither 表小 (两者中的)任何一个 ;neither 表小 两者都不none/nothingnone表tk (二者或二者以上)全无,没有一点 ; nothing 表tk 没有任 何东西,没有事”anotheranother泛指(一者或一者以上中的)另一,又一other/othersother泛指“其余的,另外的”,只作定语。other +可数名词复数=othersthe other/the other 特指(两者之中的)另个。the other +可数名词复数the othersthe othersAs the two dictionaries are useful

15、, I' ll take both and either of them is veryimportant to me.因为这两本字典有用,我把两本字典都带上,每一本对我而言都很重要。一Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday? I ' m sorry. Neither will suit me. I ' ll be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗?对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。 You are a team

16、star ! Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。 Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。(二)复合不定代词的用法某任何每个 ,所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganyt

17、hingeverythingnothing There is something in his words. We should have a try.他说的话不无道理,我们应该试一试。 This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013 安徽高考单选 )这个项目需要密切的团队合作,除非我们通力合作,否则将一事无成。(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示思义含义few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰可数名词肯定含义几个;一些little修

18、饰不口数名词否定含义几乎没有alittle修饰/、可数名词肯定含义少量;一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰不口数名词肯定含义许多 翻点亮心灯/(3人)照亮人生精诚凝聚=A,=成就梦想 _HIII Few of us can speak four foreign languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。 I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.我有一些朋友,但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。 She can speak a little French, but she knows little English

19、.她能讲点法语,但她几乎不懂英语。六、it的用法1. it用作人称代词,用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子,但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2. it指时间、距离、天气等。It ' s 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。3. it用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由 从句、动名词、不定式充当。

20、 It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语,动名词短语living alone without . 为真正的主语) No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里,他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语,动词不定式 to go for . 为真正的宾语)He didn ' t make it clear when and where th

21、e meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语,从句 when and where .为真正的宾语)知识积累常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式:It is a pity/shame that .真可惜 /丢人It is no wonder that .难怪It seems/appears that .彳以乎 / 看起来It looks/seems as if/though .看起来好像It happens that .碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that .某人突然想起It is said/re

22、ported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that .据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用 / 好处 / 浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间主语十表示情感倾向 的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely/count on 等)+ it + that/if/when . I would ap

23、preciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。 It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to changehis mind. As is known to usall, he is so stubborn.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知,他是如此固执。【考点突破】考点1考查人称代词,物主代词和反身代词考题精练1 .(2016 全国 I )On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-ol

24、d twin that had beenrejected by (it)mother.2 .(2016 全国 n 改错 )If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot ge t from books.答案:1. its2. your 改为 our注意:形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father“她的父亲”。“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine “我的 一个朋友”。She asked me wha

25、t was the matter with me.她问我我怎么了。He didn ' t use his ink. He used mine.他没有用他自己的墨水,他用了我的(墨水)。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。考点2考查it的用法考题精练1 .(2015 浙江)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you

26、?2 .(2014 大纲)一Who s that at the door?一 is the milkman.答案:1. it2. It注意:1.it作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词或从句。 翻点亮心灯/(人9)照亮人生 翻精诚凝聚=A,=成就梦想 _HIIIIt ' s no use arguing with him.与他争辩是没有用的。2.注意下列句型中的it。(1)It is+ 时间段+since 自从以来多久了(2)It was+ 时间段+before+过去时多久以后才(3)It will be+ 时间段+before+ 一般现在时 多久之后才能(4)It won '

27、; t be long before. 不久就(5)It is/was+被强调部分+that(6)It is (high) time that sb should do/did到了的时候了(7)It be (just) like sb to do.像某人做某事的风格(8)It be+the+ 序数词+time+that.这是某人第几次做(9)I dislike it when. 我讨厌(10)I would appreciate it if.如果我感激不尽(2014 陕西)I ' d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance w

28、hether or not youwill come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来我将感激不尽。考点 3 考查 none, nothing , no one 的区另U考题精练1 .(2015 四川)Niki is always full of ideas, butis useful to my knowledge.【答案与解析】none句意:Niki总是有很多想法,但是据我所知,没有一个想法有用。本题强 调在Niki的众多想法中没有一个有用,即强调数量。none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。2 .(2012 江西)My brother would like to buy a good

29、watch butwas available fromthat shop.【答案与解析】none句意:我哥哥想买一块好表,可是那家商店里没有。本题强调在那家商店里没有一块我哥哥想买的那种好手表,即强调数量。none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。注意:1 .none可与由of连接的人或物组成短语 ,而nothing,no one 不可。None of us went to the concert last night.昨天晚上我们中没有一个人去听音乐会。2 .none 可以用来回答 How many.或 How much.的问题,而 no one (nobody) 和 nothing 贝U

30、分 别用来回答Who.和What.的问题。一How many students in your class went to the lecture?你们班有多少学生去听报告了?一None.一个也没有。 Who did you see enter the lonely house?你看见谁进了那幢偏僻的房子吗?Nobody. 一个人都没进。3 .none可以指代前面提到的人或物;no one (nobody) 和nothing没有这种用法。He has a brother,but I have none.他有一个兄弟,而我一个也没有。考点 4 考查 none, neither , all , b

31、oth , either , any 的区另U考题精练1 .(2015 福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions.【答案与解析】neither根据题干中的two reports和but可知,此处表示"两者都不",所以用 neither 。2 .(2014 江西) When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?.I ' ll be in all day.【答案与解析】

32、Either根据题干可知是在上午和下午这两种情况中做出选择。either表示两者中选择其一。注意:1 .none表示"三者或三者以上都不";neither 表示"两者都不”。2 .all表示"三者或三者以上都"both 表示"两者都”。3 .any表示“三者或三者以上中任何一个”;either 表示“两者中任何一个“。Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life. 尽管R

33、osemary多年来遭受严重疾病的折磨,但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。Neither of the two boys is/are clever.两个男孩都不聪明。None of the boys is/are clever.没有一个男孩是聪明的。He has two boys. Both of them are clever.他有两个儿子。他们都聪明。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那儿。考点 5 考查 another , (the) other , (the) others 的区别考题精练1.(2015 陕西)To warm himself,the

34、 sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .【答案与解析】other表示“两者中的一个另一个”用 one.the other. 结构。2(2014 福建)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives andforks.【答案与解析】others some.others.是固定用法,意为“一些另一些",others在此处指代 other countries 。注意:l.other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词。I 

35、9; ll come again some other day. 我改日再来。2.another用于泛指三者或三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”,所修饰名词前不加冠词。I don ' t want this one.Please give me another.我不想要这一个,请给我另一个。3.the other 表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。She has twochildren.One is a boy;the other is a girl.她有两个孩子,一个是男孩,另一个是女孩。4.others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。Some say ye

36、s,and others say no.有人说对,有人说不对。5.the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。There are fifty students in our class.Thirty of us are girls;the others are boys.我们班有五十个学生,三十个是女生,其余的是男生。考点6 考查不定代词考题精练1 .(2015 重庆)The meeting will be , held in September , butknows the date for sure.【答案与解析】nobody 句中的but表转折,所以此处应指“但没人知道确切日期

37、”,填between 50 and 60 years of age.nobody。2 .(2014 大纲)I think Mrs Stark could be something,anything,nothing,everything,someone=somebody,everyone=everybody,anyone=anybo dy等。【答案与解析】anywhere 本题中含有固定搭配anywhere between.and.,意为“数目在之间",该固定搭配也可用anywhere from.to.表不。注意:some, any, every, no 常与-one,-body,-t

38、hing构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中,any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时,表示希望得到肯定回答。any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何”之意。由-one和-body构成的复合不定代词通常可以互换 使用。(2014 安徽)You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。考点7 考查one, that , it , thos

39、e的区别考题精练1.(2015 天津)The quality of education in this small school is betterthan in some larger schools.【答案与解析】that 此处that指代前面的The quality of education 。 2.(2013 浙江)Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fear s.【答案与解析】those

40、此处 those 指代 people who are surveyed in 16 counties 。3 .(2012 四川)New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.【答案与解析】it 此处为“make+it+ adj. +to do ”结构。其中it作形式宾语,替代动词不定 式 to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。4 .(2012 辽宁)I f you ' re buying to

41、day ' s paper from the stand, could yougetfor me?【答案与解析】one paper作“报纸”讲时是可数名词。结合情景,说话人要对方给自己捎一份报纸,也就是a paper,替代单数可数名词,用one。注意:1.1 t 所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,而one所代替的是同类事物中的"一个",one=a/an+名词,它可以用来代替可数名词单数,其复数形式是ones。I can ' t find my pen.Do you see it?我找不到我的钢笔了。你看见它了吗 ?I need a bike but I hav

42、e no money to buy one.我需要一辆自行车,可我没钱买。2 .that=the+ 名词,它既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,它所代替的也是同类事物。His behavior was not that of a gentleman.他的行为不是正人君子的行为。3 .those替代上文中提到的复数名词,既可指人,也可指物,those指人时,后须跟定语。At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.在我们厂里,有一些类似于这本杂志里描述的机器。【真题感悟】1

43、. (2016 全国 I ,68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three month old twin thathad been rejected by(it) mother.2. (2016 全国 n , 短文改错 )If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.3. (2016 全国 n ,短文改错 )It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot

44、.4. (2016 全国出,短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.5. (2016 全国 in , 阅读 D)No news is good news, and good news is no news.are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.6. (2016 北京,阅读 A)For the first time, I feel good about (me) becau

45、se I' m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.7. (2016 四川, 七选五)Both menand womenare living longer these days in industrialized countries.However, women, on average, live longer.In general,can expect to live six or seven years more than men.8. (2016 四川,短文改错 )When my father

46、 came back, I found a bunch of flowers in herhand.9. (2016 浙江, 3)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very differentfrom in the UK.10. (2015 浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TVprogram and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?11

47、. (2015 重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.12. . (2015 陕西,13)To warm himself , the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.13. (2015 四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas , but is useful to myknowledge.14. (2015 天津,2)The quality of educatio

48、n in this small school is better than in some larger schools.15. (2015 福建, 21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.16. (2014 安徽,24)You can ask anyone for help.here is willing to lend you a hand.17. (2014 江西,32) When shall I call , in the m

49、orning or afternoon?.I'll be in all day.18. (2014 四川,1)She'd lived in London and Manchester , but she liked andmoved to Cambridge.19. (2014 重庆,1)A smile costs , but gives much.20. (2014 山东, 4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.1. its根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively th

50、ree month-old twin 可知要用形容词性物主代词。 翻点亮心灯/(人9)照亮人生 翻精诚凝聚=A_A=成就梦想 _HIII2. your 一 our 考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知,此处要用 our,表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。3. man尸much 考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much 花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。4. yourself myself 根据句意,此处指"我自己"。5. Those/These 根据句意:没消息就是好消息,好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早 报来说,这是(那是)

51、经典法则。指代前面的两句话。6. myself 根据句意:第一次,我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好,而不是因为别人告诉我 做得好。7. they根据句意:女人平均比男人活得年龄长,总体来说,她们有望比男人多活六七年。此处用they代替前文的 women 8. her-his从句主语是 my father,因此物主代词形式用 his。9. that考查代词。句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词that指代前文中出现的 the education system 。1. .it句意:如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了,你会怎么想。固定表达ho

52、w would you like it if.,在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。11. nobody 句意:会议将在九月召开,但是没人知道具体日期,。句中的关键词为 but ,表转折,故nobody没有人,符合句意。12. other 句意:为了让自己暖和起来,这个水手坐在火堆旁,光着脚,用一只脚搓另一只 脚。表示两者中的一个,另一个,用onethe other.。13. none 句意:Niki总是有很多想法,但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否 定以上用none,可指人也可指物。14. that 句意:这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。 表示比较

53、时,指代前面的quality of education 要用that ,为了避免重复,可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。15. neither 句意:这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道,但是都没有有用的建议。 考查代词。根据句意,两者都不用 neither 。16. Everyone 考查不定代词。句意:你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予 你帮助。根据前句中的anyone ,可知填everyone。17. . Either 根据"in the morning or afternoon ""我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either 。18. neither 题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过,可是这两座城市她都不喜欢,就 搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither(两者都不)。19. nothing 考查不定代词用法。句意:微笑虽然不用花费什么,但意义却是巨大的。20.it 句意:苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语,that从句作真正的宾语。语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)If y

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