英语语言文化赏析课件1

1、一种事物的特点，要跟别的事物比较才显出。一种事物的特点，要跟别的事物比较才显出。吕叔湘吕叔湘 对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。和汉语的差别。吕叔湘吕叔湘 You could know your own language only You could know your own language only if you compared it with other languages. if you compared it with other languages. Engels Engels 叹香菱 根并荷花一茎香，平生遭际实堪伤；根并

2、荷花一茎香，平生遭际实堪伤； 自从两地生孤木，致使香魂返故乡。自从两地生孤木，致使香魂返故乡。唐多令.吴文英 唐多令唐多令.吴文英吴文英 何处合成愁？离人心上秋。纵芭蕉不雨也何处合成愁？离人心上秋。纵芭蕉不雨也飕飕。都道晚凉天气好，有明月，怕登楼。飕飕。都道晚凉天气好，有明月，怕登楼。 年事梦中休，花空烟水流。有燕辞归、年事梦中休，花空烟水流。有燕辞归、客尚淹流。垂柳不萦裙带住，漫长是，系客尚淹流。垂柳不萦裙带住，漫长是，系行舟。行舟。1. 英语有形态变化英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化汉语没有严格意义的形态变化.English : gender, number, case, ten

3、se, voice, mood, degree of comparison, person and parts of speech. 汉语汉语: : 数量助词数量助词,动态助词动态助词,结构助词结构助词 我给了他一本书我给了他一本书. . 他给了我两本书他给了我两本书. . 他爸爸常常给他一些书他爸爸常常给他一些书. . I gave him a book.I gave him a book.He has given me two books.He has given me two books.His father often gives him books.His father often

4、gives him books.2.英语经常使用定冠词和不定冠词英语经常使用定冠词和不定冠词.out of questionout of questionout of out of thethe question questiontake a chairtake a chairtake take thethe chair chaira a hundred and one hundred and oneoneone hundred and one hundred and oneShe was with She was with a a child. child.She was with chil

5、d.She was with child.They are students of our school.They are students of our school.They are They are thethe students of our school. students of our school.I have lived here for more than I have lived here for more than a a year. year.I have lived here fore more than I have lived here fore more tha

6、n oneone year. year.2.汉语有丰富多彩的助词汉语有丰富多彩的助词.吧吧今天不会下雨吧今天不会下雨吧? ?你好好想想吧你好好想想吧! !明天就明天吧明天就明天吧. .咱们走吧咱们走吧? ?打吧打吧, ,打不下去打不下去; ;跑吧跑吧, ,跑不了跑不了, ,敌人只好投降敌人只好投降. .It isnt going to rain today, is it?It isnt going to rain today, is it?Just think it over.Just think it over.All right, lets make it tomorrow.All rig

7、ht, lets make it tomorrow.Shall we go?Shall we go?Unable to fight on or to escape, the enemy were Unable to fight on or to escape, the enemy were forced to surrender.forced to surrender.3.英语常用介词英语常用介词,汉语则少用介词汉语则少用介词. What is he at? John voted with the Tories. He is a man above vulgar interests. It l

8、ooks as if we are in for a storm. If a man couldnt walk into a room and tell who was for him and who was against him, then he wasnt much of a politician. .他正在干什么他正在干什么? ?John John 投票支持保守党投票支持保守党. .他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人. .看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了. .要是一个人不能一上任就看出谁支持他要是一个人不能一上任就看出谁支持他, ,谁反

9、对他谁反对他, ,那他就不配搞政治那他就不配搞政治You may You may not go.not go.You You may not go.may not go.You said he would COME.You said he would COME.YOU said he would come.YOU said he would come.You said HE would come.You said HE would come.You SAID he would come.You SAID he would come.You SAID he would COME.You SAID

10、 he would COME.1.英语是语调语言英语是语调语言,语音表意手段主要是语调和重音语音表意手段主要是语调和重音.你不可以去你不可以去. .你可以不去你可以不去. . 我的衣服我的姨夫我的衣服我的姨夫 我爱马我挨骂我爱马我挨骂 我叫他去。我叫他去。 我想起来了。我想起来了。Ill ask him to go.Ill ask him to go.Ill go and call him.Ill go and call him.Ill get up.Ill get up.Ive thought it out.Ive thought it out.2. 汉语是声调语言汉语是声调语言,语音表意手

11、段主要是声调语音表意手段主要是声调.3.汉语注重音节均匀，成双成对汉语注重音节均匀，成双成对:对偶对偶,排比排比,反复反复,叠音叠音行行过太行行行过太行, ,迢迢赴延安迢迢赴延安. .细细问故旧细细问故旧, ,星星数鬓斑星星数鬓斑. . - - 陈毅陈毅On and on past Taihang we walkBy and by to Yanan we make our wayAgain and again with old friends we talk,One by one we count our hairs grey. - - 许渊冲许渊冲Translation exercisesT

12、ranslation exercises It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matc

13、hless rhythm. implicitimplicitflexible flexible overalloverallconciseconciseexplicitexplicitrigidrigidindividualindividualelaborateelaborate3. Chinese has an _ perspective while English has an _ viewpoint.1. Chinese grammar is _ while English grammar is _.overallindividualflexiblerigid2. Chinese lan

14、guage is _ and_ while English language is _ and _.implicitconciseexplicitelaborate1.汉语是意合汉语是意合,以神统形以神统形,注重逻辑注重逻辑,隐形连贯隐形连贯.人不犯我人不犯我, ,我不犯人我不犯人。人到事中迷人到事中迷, ,就怕没人提就怕没人提. .We will not attack unless we are attacked. When a man is lost in a labyrinth, what he needs badly is a hint. There is no difference

15、but difference of degrees between different degrees of difference and no difference. 实为五十步笑百步是也实为五十步笑百步是也. .去了也白去。去了也白去。无事不登三宝殿。无事不登三宝殿。喝水不忘掘井人喝水不忘掘井人他一家子在这儿他一家子在这儿, ,他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了庙！他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了庙！. .Even Even ifif youyou go there go there itit wouldnt do any good. wouldnt do any good.

16、 I I wouldnt come to wouldnt come to youyou if Iif I hadnt something to ask of hadnt something to ask of youyou. . When youWhen you drink water, think of drink water, think of thosethose whowho dug the well. dug the well. Escape? Escape? ButBut his home and property cant escape. The his home and pro

17、perty cant escape. The monk may run away, monk may run away, butbut the temple cant run with the temple cant run with himhim!”!”2.英语是形合语言英语是形合语言,必须使用关联词必须使用关联词,以形式连接词语句以形式连接词语句 Man proposes, God disposes. No discord, no concord. The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps we harass; the enemy ti

18、res, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue. 2.英语是形合语言英语是形合语言,必须使用关联词必须使用关联词,以形式连接词语句以形式连接词语句英语英语:重理性、重分析、重个体、严谨重理性、重分析、重个体、严谨汉语汉语:重感性、重悟性、重整体、含蓄重感性、重悟性、重整体、含蓄 门吱呀一声开了门吱呀一声开了, , 进来一个人进来一个人. .人生来平等。人生来平等。做人难，做女人难，做名女人更难。做人难，做女人难，做名女人更难。请你画一个大树，树根、树干、树枝、树丫、树叶都必须画全。请你画一个大树，树根、树干、树枝、树丫、树叶都必须画全。The doo

19、r squeaks open and in comes a person.The door squeaks open and in comes a person.All men are created equal.All men are created equal.It is difficult for everyone to live in this world, esp. It is difficult for everyone to live in this world, esp. a famous woman.a famous woman.Please draw a complete

20、tree, roots and all. (with its Please draw a complete tree, roots and all. (with its roots, trunks, branches, twigs, leavesroots, trunks, branches, twigs, leaves) ) when those above behave unworthily, those below will do the same. Until all is over, ambition never dies. 无官一身轻无官一身轻 多一点困难怕什么？封锁吧，封锁十年八

21、年，中国的一多一点困难怕什么？封锁吧，封锁十年八年，中国的一切问题就解决了。切问题就解决了。上梁不正下梁歪。上梁不正下梁歪。不到黄河心不死。不到黄河心不死。OneOne whowho has no official duties has a light heart. has no official duties has a light heart.What matters if What matters if we we have to face some difficulties? have to face some difficulties? Let Let themthem blocka

22、de blockade usus! Let ! Let themthem ! By that time, ! By that time, all of all of chinaschinas problemsproblems willwill bebe solved. solved.Discussion: Based on the differences between Chinese and English, what techniques do we often use in E-C or C-E translation ?1. 1. 英译汉往往要破句重组。英译汉往往要破句重组。2. 2.

23、 英语用指物主语的句子，汉译改用指人主语。英语用指物主语的句子，汉译改用指人主语。3. 3. 汉译要用实词代替英语原句中的虚词（介词等）。汉译要用实词代替英语原句中的虚词（介词等）。Translation Exercise: In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? A strange peace came over her when she was al

24、one. Fears began to take entire possession of him. 一看到那棵树，我便想起了童年的情景。一看到那棵树，我便想起了童年的情景。 1840年至年至1880这四十年中，近一千万移民移居美国。这四十年中，近一千万移民移居美国。长夜横枕意心歪，长夜横枕意心歪，斜月三更门半开，斜月三更门半开，短命到今无口信，短命到今无口信，肝肠望断没人来。肝肠望断没人来。40-LOVE40-LOVERoger McGoughRoger McGough (1937-) (1937-) middlecoupleten-whengameandgothewillbetweenag

25、edplayingnistheendstheyhomenetstillbe-them40-LOVE40-LOVERoger McGoughRoger McGough (1937-) (1937-) 中夫打球赛束家球仍隔中年妇网比结回后网将在间l(al(ale leaf affa fall lls) s)oneonel linessinessl(al(ale leaf affa fall lls) s)oneonel linessiness- e. e. cummings- e. e. cummingsLoneliness (a leaf falls)Loneliness (a leaf fal

26、ls) 一叶飘零一叶飘零孑然一生孑然一生孑（一孑（一 口口 十十 票票 风风 雨雨 令）令） 瓜瓜 独，独，Word Plays & Tricky SentencesWord Plays & Tricky Sentences Riddles and Brain twisters Palindrome Anticlimax Alliteration Pun:The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two o

27、r more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect. His left brain has nothing right and his right brain has nothing left. A bicycle cant stand on its own because it is two-tyred. I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my

28、 cousin Jack! All that I said was Hi Jack, but very loud. AnagramsAnagramseast seat west stewsouth shout north thorn Dormitory - the eyes Eleven plus two mother-in-law dirty room dirty room they see they see Twelve plus one Twelve plus one woman Hitler woman Hitler Palindrome: a word or phrase that

29、reads the same backward as forward a Toyotarace car Put up if I put up! Able was I ere I saw Elba. Madam in Eden, Im Adam. No X in Nixon. Girls bathing in Bikini, eyeing boy eyeing Bikini on bathing girl. Rise to vote sir. The jail might have been the infirmaryThe infirmary might have been the jail Experience without learning is better than learning without experiencePalindromePalindrome 赏花归去马如飞，赏花归去马如飞， 去马如飞酒力微去马如飞酒力微 ；酒力微醒时已暮酒力微醒时已暮 ，醒时已暮赏花归醒时已暮赏花归.香莲碧水动风凉香莲碧水动风凉 ， 水动风凉夏日长水动风凉夏日长 ；长日夏凉风