独立主格结构语法

1、1. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语动词非谓语动词 （不定式、现在分词、过去分词）（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+(being)+表语表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短名词、形容词、副词、介词短 语语)3. with/without + 复合宾语复合宾语 宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）非谓语动词独立主格结构非谓语动词独立主格结构复习复习 独立主格结构有三种类型：独立主格结构有三种类型：无动词独立主格结构无动词独立主格结构（三）（三）“with/ without”引导的独立主

2、格结构引导的独立主格结构“介词介词with/without +宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构可以构成独结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作定语。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构定语。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现，即：中都能体现，即： with/without +名词名词/ /代词代词 +形容词形容词 副词副词 介词短语介词短语 不定式不定式 现在分词现在分词 过去分词过去分词 倒装句 英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后（主语（主语+谓语）。把

3、谓语动词放在主语之前谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语（谓语+主语）主语）,就叫就叫倒装结构倒装结构。如果全部谓。如果全部谓语放在主语之前语放在主语之前, 叫叫全部倒装全部倒装; 如果只把助动如果只把助动词或词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。部分倒装。inversions基本语序基本语序（natural order）：）：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 （subject + predicate+ object）I love English.谓语谓语+主语主语完全倒装完全倒装 (full inversion)Here came the headmaster.助动词助动词

4、/情态动词情态动词+ 主语主语 + 动词动词部分倒装部分倒装 (partial inversion)Nerve will I forgive you. There lived a girl called A Qiao long ago. _2. Here comes your husband. _3. Out rushed the children. _4. In the front of the classroom sits a professor. _5. Sitting in the front are the leaders of the school. _6. Written on

5、the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday. _7. Go are the days when we used the foreign oil. _Read, change the order and discover the ruleA girl called A Qiao lived there long ago.Your husband comes here.The children rushed out.A professor sits in front of the classroom.The leade

6、rs of the school are sitting in the front.The names of whose are written on the blackboard.The days when we used the foreign oil are gone.一、完全倒装一、完全倒装1. There be1. There be结构。另外结构。另外, ,在此结构中可以用在此结构中可以用来代替来代替bebe动词的动词有动词的动词有: :exist, seem, exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, standhappen, appear,

7、 live, rise, stand等。等。如如: :There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.巩固练习:1) _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at2 (1).在以在以here、there、now、then等副词开等副词开头的句子里。头的句子里。 “Here, There

8、, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语 结构。 Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装就不用倒装。如:Here you are.There she comes.(2). 表示方向的副词表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于等置于句首句首,要用全部倒装。要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,

9、就不用倒装。就不用倒装。如如:In came Mr. White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy.2) There _. And here _. A. goes the phone; she comesB. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she comeD. the phone goes; come she 3) Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rushB. rushed he C. he rushe

10、dD. he did rush4) _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped(3).当表示地点的介词词组(如如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等等)在句首时。 At

11、 the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 5) Near the church _ cottage.A. was such an oldB. had a so oldC. was such old aD. is so an old3.做表语的形容词，分词或介词短语位

12、于句首做表语的形容词，分词或介词短语位于句首时。时。如如:Present at the meeting were some important figures.Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.6) _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was soD. So was Eins

13、tein7) _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going二、部分倒装二、部分倒装 部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 2. only + 状语短语或状语从句状语短语或状语从句放在句首放在句首,要部分倒装。要部分倒装。如如: Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)Only

14、then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 4) Only in this way _ make progress in your English. A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to 5) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A

15、. he could B. he was able to C. was he able toD. was able to he3. so或或so引导的短语放在句首引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。要部分倒装。如如: I saw the film, so did she.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.6) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did CharlieB. Charlie did so C. Charl

16、ie does soD. did Charlie so7) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly. A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 巧记倒装句巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）在带有倒装句的复合句（

17、或并列句）中中，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。构形式。 NB NB前倒后不，前倒后不， O O，NUNU主倒从不倒，主倒从不倒，2N2N前倒后也倒，前倒后也倒， NMNM前后均不倒。前后均不倒。 NB代表代表Not only，but also引引导的并列句。导的并列句。 not only位于句首时，位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不前倒后不倒倒”。如：。如： 1）Not only did he come，but al

18、so he was very happy 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）O O代表代表onlyonly状语从句；状语从句；NUNU代表代表Not untilNot until状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒主倒从不倒”。如：。如：1 1）Only when he told me did I know itOnly whe

19、n he told me did I know it2 2）Not until I began to work did I Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wastedrealize how much time I had wastedNo soonerNo soonerthanthan，HardlyHardlyScarcelyScarcelywhenwhen等句型也属此类用法。如：等句型也属此类用法。如：No soonerNo sooner（HardlyHardly） had we reached home had we reached home thanthan（whenwhen）it began to rainit began to rain2N2N代表代表NeitherNeithernornor所引导所引导的并列句。的并列句。2N2N若位于两分句之首，若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后前倒后也倒也倒”。如：。如：Neither do I know her