牛津英语科8A全套

1、Chaper 1A letter from a pen-friend 一封笔友的来信 一 单词汇总chapter n. 章节below pep在下面rugby n英式橄榄球运动hockey n曲棍球badminton n羽毛球运动title n标题signature n署名，签名top-right adj右上角的greeting n问候foot n英尺hobby n兴趣，业余爱好chess n国际象棋own v. 拥有be keen on 喜爱physics n物理学ambition n雄心，野心enclose v附上dictionary n字典，词典steak n牛排punch n. 伴汁酒

2、all in 精疲力竭的trainer n. （无钉的）软运动鞋idle adj. 懒惰的inaudible adj. 听不见的shut v. 关上，关闭full name 全名inch n. 英寸geography n. 地理probably adv. 可能，大概，也许meal n. 餐，饭食university n.大学leave school （毕业）离校birth n. 出生European n. 欧洲人actress n. 女演员recently adv. 近来clearly adv. 清楚地couple n. 夫妇adopt v. 收养omen n预兆destined adj注定e

3、mbassy n大使馆二 重点难点解析1. Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant现在我的父母拥有一家中国餐馆。1）own作动词时，意为“拥有，所有”。例：She owns a car but rarely drives it她有一辆车，但很少开。2）own作形容词或代词时，意为“自己的”，其前必须要有名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。例： This is Jack's own room这是杰克自己的房间。 I saw it with my own eyes这是我亲眼所见。3）owner名词“主人，物主”。例：The owner of the res

4、taurant is an oversea Chinese.饭店的主人是位海外华人。2. 1 have a brother called Edwin我有一个名叫埃德温的哥哥。 called Edwin为v-ed分词短语，作定语时通常后置。例： I've bought a video camera made in Japan我买了一部日本产的摄像机。 called意为“称呼，名叫”，与它意思相同的还有：named, with the name of.3. He works as an architect他担任建筑师的工作。 as在句中作介词，意为“以身份，作为”。例：He was fam

5、ous as a singer作为一位歌手他很著名。architect n建筑师 architecture n建筑学4. 1 enclose随信附上 随信寄照片、资料等，都可以用这一表达方法。例：My brother enclosed a photo of my niece in his letter.我哥哥随信附上一张我侄女的照片。5. How many brothers and sisters has he got? 他有多少兄弟姐妹？ 动词have/have got意义相同，但have got用法在疑问句和答语中略有不同。 Have you got three lessons every

6、 day? Yes, I have. /No, I haven't你每天上三节课吗？是的，上三节课。不，没有。（在have got结构中，have为助动词，可构成疑问句和否定句。）Do you have three lessons every day? Yes, I do. /No, I don't你每天上三节课吗？是的，上三节课。不，没有。(have用作行为动词时，需加助动词do构成疑问句和否定句。）三 重点语段翻译A letter from a pen-friendDear MayHi！I saw your name and address inPen-friendsmag

7、azine，and I would like to be your pen-friend First, I will tell you some things about myself. My name is Sidney Li Pei-chunI'm fourteen years old I'm about five feet tall I have short black hair and brown eyes My favourite hobby is playing computer games I also enjoy playing chess .I live wi

8、th my parentsThey came to England about 30 years agoThey came from Hong Kong, but I have never been there Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant in Newcastle We live in a small house near our restaurant I was born in Newcastle in 1986 I can speak Chinese，but I cannot write it very well I have a bro

9、ther called Edwin He is 23 He works as an architect, in LondonI'm in Form One at Walker SchoolIt is near my house，and so I can walk to schoolI like myschool because the teachers are very friendlyMy school has many sports fields I am keen on sports I enjoy playing rugby and badminton in the winte

10、r , and tennis in the summer. My best subject at school is physics My ambition is to be an engineer.I enclose a photo of myself and some school friendsI am in the middleI hope you will write to me soon，May，and tell me all about yourself.Best wishesSidney 一封笔友的来信亲爱的梅 嗨！我是在笔友这本杂志上看见你的名字和地址的，我想成为你的笔友。首

11、先，我将告诉你关于我自己的一些事情。我叫悉尼，李佩春。我十四岁。大约五英尺高。我有黑色的短发，棕色的眼睛。我最大的爱好就是玩电脑游戏。我还喜欢下国际象棋。 我和父母生活在一起。他们大约在三十年前来到英国。他们来自香港，但我从未去过那儿。现在我父母在纽卡斯尔有一家中国餐馆。我们住在餐馆附近的一所小房子里。我于1986年生于纽卡斯尔。我会讲汉语，但不太会写。我有一个名叫埃德温的哥哥。他23岁了。在伦敦担任建筑师的工作。 我在Walker学校读一年级。它就在我家附近，所以我可以步行去上学。我喜欢我的学校因为老师们都很友好。我的学校有很多运动场地。我很喜欢运动。冬天我喜欢玩橄榄球和羽毛球，夏天我喜欢打

12、网球。在学校我最喜欢的科目是物理。我的理想是作一名工程师。 随信附上一张我和学校一些朋友的照片。我在中间，我希望你能尽快给我回信，梅，告诉我有关你的全部。致以良好的祝愿悉尼四 语法讲解1特殊疑问句(1)常见的特殊疑问词有： What（事情），Where（地点），When（时间），Which（选择人或事），Who（人），How（方式），How old（年龄），How far（距离），How many（数量），How much（数量价格），How big（大小），How long（时间或距离长短），etc .(2)特殊疑问句结构 1)疑问词一般疑问句How do people get drinki

13、ng water? 2）对主语或主语部分提问时，结构是：疑问词谓语部分Who helps to keep the environment clean?2不定冠词a/an “a”用在以辅音音素开始的单词前，如：a beautiful girl, a useful book等；而“an”则用于以元音音素开始的单词前，如：an hour, an umbrella,Chapter 2A day in the life ofwhiz一kid Wendy神童温迪的一天一 单词汇总subtitle n副标题similar adj相似的，类似的expect v.期待successful adj成功的whiz-

14、kid 神童business n生意，公司luckily adv幸运地manager n经理responsible adj有责任的be responsible for 对负责sale v.卖，销售accountant n会计boring adj乏味的simple adj简单的，容易的achieve v.得到，实现grade n分数fail v. 失败，不及格exam n考试collect v. 接走client a顾客，主顾return v回，返回attend v参加，出席assist v.帮助，支援continue v. 继续，延续seldom adv很少，不常，难得duty n责任gain

15、 v. 得到，获得usual adj通常的，平常的guard n警卫，保安messenger n送信者，报信者construction n建筑，施工daydream v. 作白日梦，空想lose one's tempe 发脾气wish v. 想要某事物，希望tell the truth 说实话champion n冠军，优胜者jogging n慢跑mathematics n数学P. E. n体育（课）二 重点难点解析1. Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in Shanghai温迪·王一定是上海的高材生之一。 *Must是情态

16、动词，在这里表示猜测的意思，意为“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句中用can表示猜测。例：It must be true那一定是真的。Can it be true?那可能是真的吗？It can't be true那不可能是真的。*one of the top students = one of the best students高材生之一"one of名词复数”表示“之一”2. Now all of her family work in her business现在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。 family表示“家庭”或“家人”，是集合名词，若视为整体，动词用单

17、数，若逐个考虑其个体，则动词用复数。例： My family is very large我家是个大家庭。My family are all very well我的家人都很好。business n生意businessman n商人（男）businesswoman n商人（女） busy adj忙的busily adv忙地3辨析：put on穿上，wear穿着，dress穿着，打扮put on强调穿衣的动作，宾语须是物；wear表示穿着衣服的状态；dress既可指动作也可指状态，但宾语须是人。例：You'd better put on your coat if you want to go

18、 out如果想出去最好把衣服穿上。 He is wearing a new suit today他今天穿了一套新的西装。 She dresses her child every day她每天都要给孩子穿衣服。4. over half a million超过50万 over作介词，意为“超过，多于”，相当于more than。例：He was away over (more than) a month他离开一个多月了。5. I always go to school in my own car. 我总是坐我自己的车去上学。in one's car = by car坐小汽车6. 辨析：en

19、ough to，tooto，sothatenough to 和 tooto 构成简单句，sothat 构成复合句；enough to 和 sothat 表示肯定，tooto 和 sothat 表示否定。例：I am not old enough to drive.= I am too young to drive.= I am so young that I cant drive. 我太小了，不能开车。7. 辨析：attend， take part in， join三者都有“参加”之意。attend 指参加、出席会议；take part in 多指参加活动；join 指加入组织、团体、党派。例

20、：My father attends a meeting every Thursday afternoon.我爸爸每周四下午要去开会。Youd better take part in all the activities at school. 你最好参加学校的各项活动。Do you want to join the League? 你想入团吗？8. On Friday we have Computer Club meetings. 每周五我们都参加电脑社会议。have用作行为动词，常与一名词连用表示与该名词相当的动词意义，如：have a meeting/a swim/a walk/ a le

21、sson开会/游泳/散步/上课。 否定句和疑问句中要用助动词do/does/did。例：-Do you often have a walk after supper? Yes, I do./ No, I dont.9. I go to my office and continue working on my games. 然后我到办公室继续设计电脑游戏。 continue doing sth 继续做某事。例：How can you continue writing in such dim light？这么暗的光线你怎么能继续写呢？ work on 从事（某工作），例：A day in the

22、life of. whiz-kid Wendy Wendy Wang，15，must be one of the top students in Shanghai She's already written several successful computer gamesNow all of her family work in her business And she's still at school！ 6 a. m. I get up at six, wash and put on my school uniformI have breakfast with my pa

23、rentsWe have a family business I started the business two”二ago I write computer games Luckily，they are very popular. We sell over half a million games every year场father is the manager of the company，and my mother is responsible for sales My' brother is our accountant Every morning we discuss the

24、 business at breakfast Then I usually work on my computer for an hourbefore school.、7 30 a. m.I always go to school in my own car. I am not old enough to drive，and so I have a driver. I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school8 a. m.I start schoolI enjoy seeing my school friends，bu

25、t some of the work is boring because it is too simple for me I usually achieve A grades in all my subjects，I never fail an exam.1230 pm.About twice a week my driver collects me from schoolI go and have lunch with a clientThen I return to school4 15 p. m.After school I usually attend a clubOn Friday

26、have Computer Club meetingsThe other students often ask me to assist them On Mondays and Thursdays I play basketballOnce a week I have violin lessonsMy driver always takes me home after school I finish my homework in an hour or two before dinner.7pm.I always have dinner with my parentsWe discuss our

27、 businessThen I go to my office and continue working on my games I seldom go to bed before 2 a. m I do not usually need much sleep. 神童温迪的一天 温迪·王，巧岁，一定是上海的高材生之一。她已经编写了几个成功的电脑游戏。现在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。然而她还在上学！ 上午6点 我六点起床、洗脸、穿上校服，我和我的父母一起吃早餐。我们拥有一个家族公司。我于两年前开办了公司。我编写电脑游戏。幸运地是，它们很受欢迎。我们每年能销售50多万个游戏。我的爸爸是

28、公司的经理，妈妈负责梢售。我哥哥是会计。每天早上我们都边吃早餐边讨论生意。然后我通常在上学前的一个小时用电脑工作。 上午7点so分 我总是坐自己的车去上学。我太小了，不能开车，因此我有一个司机。有时候我在上学的路上给客户打电话。 上午8点 我开始上课。我喜欢看见学校的朋友，但有些课程很无聊，因为对我来说太简单了。通常我所有的科目都会得A。我从来没有考试不及格过。 下午12 ,: 30分 大约每周两次我的司机会去学校接我。我去和一位客户吃午饭。然后回学校。 下午4点15分 放学后我通常会参加社团。每周五我们都要参加电脑社会议。其他学生经常让我帮助他们。每周一和周四我打篮球。我每周上一次小提琴课。

29、我的司机总是在放学后接我回家。我在晚饭前用一到两小时完成作业。 下午7点 我总是和父母一起吃晚餐。我们讨论生意。然后我到办公室继续设计电脑游戏。我很少在凌晨2点以前睡觉。我通常不需要大量的睡眠。三 语法讲解1一般现在时 一般现在时表示目前的状态及经常发生或习惯性的动作，常与usually, often, sometimes, every day等状语连用。也可用于表达一种客观事实、习惯和作息时间表。 1)谓语用动词原形；当主语为第三人称时，动词后s/es. I get up at six every morning· The sun rises in the east and set

30、s in the west 2)动词第三人称单数变化规则如下： （1）一般动词后s; （2）以s/x/ch/sh结尾的动词es. mixes/discusses/washes/teaches （3）go/do十es，goes/does （4）一些以y结尾的动词如y前是辅音字母，则将Y改成i + es. studies/hurries/worries （5）如y前是元音字母就加s. plays/stays 3)其否定句或疑问句是用助动词do或does构成。 Do you have lunch at school? Yes，I do. /No, I don't Does he go to

31、work on foot? Yes，he does/No, he doesn't I don't go to school on Sundays She doesn't do her homework at home2.频度副词（always, usually, sometimes, seldom, often.）在句子中的位置 1)位于主要行为动词的前面。例： He often does his homework in the evening. (does是行为动词） 2)位于be 动词的后面。例：She is always late for school.（is是b

32、e动词） 3)位于助动词和主要行为动词之间。例：I don't usually go to school by bus. (don't是助动，go是行为动词)3.how often来询问动作所发生的频率。4.时间状语（once一次 twice两次 three times三次 four times四次 on Monday/every day， etc.）常位于句首或句末。Chapter 3Dealing with troubles 处理麻烦事一 单词汇总dial v. 拨（电话号码）diary n日记argue v. 争论，争吵deal with 对付，处理argument n争

33、论，争吵shout at 向大声嚷嚷hold out 伸出，端出crowd n人群stare v盯，凝视go on 发生，进行steal v偷，窃取postcard n明信片notice v. 察觉到，注意到handbag n手提包follow v. 跟随ring v.（钟、铃等）鸣，响aboard adv在机上，在船上wait v. 等候hurry to 匆忙赶到strange adj奇怪的report v报告，汇报robbery n抢劫（案），盗窃（案）railing n栏杆detail n细节as conj当时handcuffs n手拷noisily adv .嘈杂地，喧闹地amusin

34、g adj引人发笑的unusual adj.不平常的，奇异的law n法律realize v.认识到，了解permission n允许，许可rob v.抢劫，盗取的财物in time 及时pleased adj高兴的definitely adv确定地，清楚地attack v.进攻，攻击baseball n棒球gun n枪arrest v.逮捕smash v.粉碎，击溃daring adj大胆的，勇敢的take place 发生gang n一伙towards prep向，朝reach v.到达writer n作家scientist n科学家二 重点难点解析1. No one knew what

35、was happening没有人知道发生了什么事。 这是一句由连接代词what引导的宾语从句，连接词要位于从句的前面，起连接主句和从句的作用，从句用陈述句语序。例：I wonder whose house that is我想知道那是谁的房子。2. What's going on？发生什么事了？ 与它意思相同的表达还有：What's up? /What's happening?3. Was my father afraid of that man? 我爸爸害怕那个人吗？ 1）be afraid of sb/sth害怕。例：She is afraid of dogs她怕狗。

36、 2） be afraid that恐怕。例：I'm afraid that I've broken your pen恐怕我弄坏了你的钢笔。4. He quickly dialled 110他迅速拨打110。 dial具体电话号码= phone sb 给打电话。5. Three young men started talking to us三个年轻人开始跟我们交谈。 *start doing sth开始做。例：It's autumn and leaves start falling秋天到了，树叶开始落下。辫析：tell，speak，talk，saytell告诉，常见的短

37、语有：tell a lie说谎，tell sb to do sth告诉做；tell sb about sth告诉关于的情况，tell a story讲故事。speak说，后面接语言，如：speak German说德语。talk to/with sb (about sth）与某人谈论（有关事）。say说，后面接内容。例： She said he could speak very good English她说他英语说得很好。 Tell him not to talk about the thing any longer。告诉他不要再谈论这件事了。6. Please meet the ferry请去

38、迎接渡船。 meet sb 意为“迎接某人”。例： Will you meet her at the station？你到车站去接她吗？7. As we got off, we saw them我们下船时看见他们了。 这是由as引导的时间状语从句。表示“当时”，主句和从句的动作同时发生。例：I thought of it just as you opened your mouth就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。8.Six policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs6名警察站在一名戴手铐的男子周围。这是一句由who引导的非限制性定语从句。

39、定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是整个句子中不可缺少的一部分，去掉后会影响整个句子的意思，所以不用逗号和主句隔开；非限制性定语从句是整个句子中相对较为独立的一部分，缺少了也不会影响整个句子的意思，因此总是用逗号和主句隔开。例：This is the best film that I have ever seen这是我看过的最好的一部电影。Last week I saw a very good film，which was about the-UFO上周我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于飞碟的。* be in handcuffs带手铐。例：The man who is

40、in handcuffs is my next-door neighbour. 带手铐的男子是我的隔壁邻居。三重点语段翻译Dealing with trouble Thursday，28 June Today my father and I were waiting for the ferry People usually wait quietly，but this afternoon we heard a big argument Two women tourists were shouting at a big man He was shouting back at them He hel

41、d out a bag, and showed everyone that it was empty The crowd stared at the three people No one knew what was happening My father moved through the crowd and said quietly to one of the women，"What's going on?" "They stole my friend's purse five minutes ago, "said the woman

42、"We were down in the bookshop，buying postcards Three young men started talking to us At first they were very friendly. Then suddenly my friend noticed that her purse was not in her handbag. Two of the men ran away We followed this man here" Then the bell rang, the gates opened, and everyon

43、e started going down onto the ferryThe man hurried aboard，and the two tourists went after him "Wait, "said my father. "I don't want to go on that ferry" This was strange Was my father afraid of that man? I wanted to go and watch the action But he hurried to an ice-cream shop，

44、“Can I use your phone?" he asked the shop assistant He quickly dialled 110 "I want to report a robberyThe man is on the ferry now. It just left a few minutes ago"He looked down through the railings"It's theNo.3Ferry，"he said，"Please meet the ferry"He gave some

45、more details，and then put the phone down We took the next ferryAs we got off, we saw themSix policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs The two women were talking to the police " Well done，Dad，I said as we walked by“Good thinking!”处理麻烦事 6月28日，星期四 今天我和爸爸正在等渡船。人们通常都是安静地等，但是今天下午我们听到很大的争吵声。两个女游客正对一个男人大声嚷嚷。他也对她们喊。他翻出包，让大家看那是空的。 人们都盯着这三个人