【英语】高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析

1、【英语】高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解Recent summer temperatures in parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt. As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase, many plants may be unable to cope. But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by conti

2、nuing to“ sweat " whother essential processes stop, a new study finds.As plants change sunlight into food, or photosynthesize （光合作用）,they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves. These pores also release water via transpiration（蒸腾）, which circulates nutrients through the plant and h

3、elps cool it by evaporation（蒸发）.But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration, leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating. Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary tr

4、ees' conditions in their natural environment, little is known about how individual species handle this situation.Ecologist John Drake of the S.U.N.Y.College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum （Eucalyptus parramattensis） trees in large, climat

5、e- controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia. Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher. The researchers withheld （扣留）water from the surface soil of all 12 tree

6、s for a month to imitate a mild dry spell, then induced a four-day “extreme " heat wave: They raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods （three withsurrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones ） to 44 degrees C.Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artif

7、icial heat wave. But to the researchers' surprise, these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the

8、 heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat even without photosynthesis - because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe d

9、rought （ 干旱）were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.Other scientists call the finding encouragin g. "It's definitely good news," says Trevor Keenan, anecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part

10、of the study."It wouvery interesting to know how this translates to other species,“ he adds. Drake hopes to conductsimilar experiments with trees common in North America.（1） How does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with extreme heat waves?A. By releasing water.B. By blocking sunlight.C. By

11、absorbing groundwater.D. By reducing photosynthesis.（2） What did the researchers do during their study?A. They grew all the trees in artificial temperatures. B. They induced a heat wave in a dozenpods of trees.C. They created climate-controlled surroundings for trees. D. They varied trees' condi

12、tions in their natural environment.（3） The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt " in Paragraph 4 means "A. continuedB. substitutedC. strengthenedD. ceased（4） What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Photosynthesis is necessary for the trees to sweat. B. No further experimen

13、ts will be done other species.C. Other species will be transplanted to North America. D. Groundwater helps the trees survive the extreme heat.【答案】(1) AC(3) D(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，联合国环境科学与林业学院的生态学家John Drake和他的同事们通过对红楼树做实验，得出结论：在极度的高温中，红棱树仍然可以通过释 放水分来抵抗热浪，获得生存。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Butat least one s

14、pecies of eucalyptus tree can resistextreme heat by continuing to 'sweat可知，枝树通过流汗“，即释放水分来抵抗极度的热，故选Ao(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"EcologisJohn Drake and his colleagues grew a dozenParramatta red gum trees in large, climate -controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest fo

15、r a year in Richmond, Australia. 可知，研究者们将“12 棵红棱树 种植在巨大的，气候受控制的塑料舱里，这种塑料仓将这些树和周围的森林分离开来。可 知，研究者们为这些树创造了一个气候受控制的生长环境，故选 Q(3)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatlyreduce photosynthesis可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。由第四段后面的内容可知，令 研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有 效地使自己和周围的环

16、境凉爽下来。结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。划线部分意思应当接近于大大减少，降低”这一类的意思cease意为 停止"，故选D。(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"The researchers think the Parramatta red gums wereable to effectively sweat - even without photosynthesis - because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the

17、 soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought (干旱) were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says. 可知，这些树擅长吸取地下水，如果热浪干旱同时发生，地下水枯竭的话，那么这些树生 存的可能性就比较小了。由此可以推知，地下水帮助这些树存活下来。故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅 读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系

18、，进行分析，推理，从而选出 正确答案。2.阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Devon Gallagher, a college graduate from Philadelphia, wants the world to know exactly where she's been while she's on her worldwide vacation in a special way. The traveler, who was born with a bone disease, had her right leg amputated (截

19、肢)at the age of four. Although the amputation caused inconvenience for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.To spread that message. Gallagher has gone to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the world, but instead of simp

20、ly using a geo-tag (地理位置标签 ),she writes herlocation on her artificial leg before taking a picture.Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona, posing with a waffle in Brussels, taking i

21、n the beautiful Parthenon temple in Athens and enjoying a river ride in Budapest, all with the well-known locations written on her artificial leg."I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it. One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalk-board," Gallagher said. "

22、My mum and grandmother didn't like the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did."Gallagher said people often stare when she's writing on her leg, but once she shares the photos, she receives only positive feedback (反馈)，"My leg hasn't stopped

23、me from doing anything I've wanted to do," she said. "I don't know if it's my determination to prove to myself that I can do it, anyway, I've been able to keep up with people at my age and lead a pretty great life."Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything

24、stand in the way of your dreams. And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art.(1) What message did Gallapher want to spread in her special way?A. She enjoys her travelling across the globe.B. She suffers little from her leg's amputation.C. she looks on her misfortune as another form of bles

25、sing.D. She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.(2) What does the word "which" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. the continentB. the picturesC. the legD. the location(3) Gallapher can best be described as.A. helpful and ambitiousB. friendly and generousC. determined a

26、nd creativeD. independent and sensible(4) Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Never Too Late to shareB. A Special Artificial LegC. An Outstanding PhotographerD. Gallagher's Summer Holidays【答案】(1) CB 3） C 4） 4） B【解析】【分析】Devon Gallagher 小时因病右腿截肢，尽管有很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活

27、。长大后Gallagher 在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置。她的故事告诉我们不要 让任何东西挡住通往梦想的道路。（ 1 ）细节理解题。根据第一段中Although the amputation caused inconvenience forGallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life. 。尽管截 肢早期给她带来了很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活。由此可知Gallagher想以

28、她独特的方式表明她把自己的不幸看做是另一种幸运的形式，故选C。（ 2）推理判断题。Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show hercycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall现在她在整个大陆拍照，应该是这些照片展示了 所以which指代的是她拍的照片，故选 B。（ 3）推理判断题。根据第四段One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalk-board,"Gallagher said. &qu

29、ot;My mum and grandmother didn't like the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did."Gallagher 说她妈妈和外婆都不喜欢她chalk-board 的主意，但她的朋友喜欢，让她去试试，所以她就去了，可知Gallagher 很有决心。根据第二段 To spread that message. Gallagher has gone to social media, where she shares photos of he

30、r travels across the world, but instead of simply using a geo-tag （ 地理位置标签）, she writes herlocation on her artificial leg before taking a picture 。 Gallagher 把她的位置写在假肢上来和大 家分享可知他是一个很有创造性的人，故选C。（4）主旨大意题。最后一段And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art。是本文的主题句，根据文章内容可知本文主要描述的是截肢的Gallagher 在社交媒体上分

31、享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置的故事。这篇文章是想通过Gallagher 的一条假肢，传达出一种乐观向上的生活态度，故A SpecialArtificial Leg 是最好的标题。故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文以及分析特殊句式，推断 出需要的信息；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3 阅读理解Every year in America, high-school students who want to go to

32、college take a national examination called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SATin a shortened way. Their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whether any will be admitted at all. The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures one's mathematical ability and use of

33、the English language. Traditionally, the English part involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension.But the SAT folks have added a single question, to be answered in an essay, hand-written on the spot. That's an interesting way to test writing ability, but content

34、 aside, have you ever seen young people's handwriting lately? Or anyone's for that matter, in this age of computer keyboards?Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks. They scribble class notes in what can generously be described as the written word.Yet today's kids are

35、asked to write, thoughtfully and clearly, for several minutes on this SAT Test. Good luck to the text scorers who must work out difficultly the scrawl ( 潦草的字迹 )of young people who've been typing on computers since the age of three! Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one'

36、s score on the SAT, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers. And don't forget, we all have to turn to handwriting from time to time, as computers go down when power goes out.Then how to improve the handwriting? Well, with a few simple steps you can improve your hand writing.Posit

37、ion the pen. You should hold the pen between the forefinger and the thumb, then rest it near the first knuckle ( 指节)of the middle finger. The rest of your fingers should be curled ( 卷曲) under your hand and your hand should remain relaxed.Evaluate your writing. Make changes to your letters till you l

38、ike how they look.Take your time. Speed is bound to make your writing messy-looking.Practice. Practice it a lot; it's not enough to do it once and hope for the best. It has to be something you work at to make great improvements.(1) The underlined word“scribble " igrapha2 probably means.A. w

39、rite quickly and roughlyB. type simply and correctlyC. paint clearly and neatlyD. describe properly and well(2) According to Paragraph 3, students with good handwriting skill.A. can pass the SATB. can develop good charactersC. can impress their classmatesD. can get more job opportunities(3) Which of

40、 the following should you avoid when improving your handwriting?A. Practicing writing a lot.B. Writing as fast as you can.C. Relaxing your hand when holding the pen.D. Changing your letters till you like how they look.(4) The text is to present the fact that.A. writing seems to be very important in

41、the SATB. those who will go to college have to take the SATC. students should practice handwriting more oftenD. kids don't know how to write in the computer age【答案】(1) AD(3) B(4) C【解析】【分析】SAT考试增加了书面表达，但当前学生不注重书写，所以此项改革会督促学生更多的练字。(1 )词义猜测题。结合划线部分的上下文，在计算机时代，学生手写的内容已经很罕见， 只有一两个单词在行李箱或午餐包上，用来辨认物主，书

42、法在其他场合就像嘟嘟鸟一样灭 绝了，故推断学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草，故选Ao(2 )细节理解题。根据第三段提到Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only helpone's score on the SAT, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers. 可知， 漂亮的书法 不仅仅能在考试中帮助得分，还可以在今后找工作中给雇主留下美好的印象，故选Do(3 )细节理解题。根据最后三段的标题Evaluate your writing ; Take your tim

43、e ; Practice.Practice it a lot可知，没有提到 B项，这是写作中应该避免的。故选B。(4 )推理判断题。由于SAT考试增加书面表达，但当前学生不重视书写，所以此项改革会督促学生更多的练字，故选Co4.阅读理解Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We're doomed! Doomed! Now that I've gotten that out of my system, it's become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the rob

44、ots are taking over. The latest example is the government's new guidelines for self-driving cars.Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big par

45、t in urban settings.Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated a

46、t the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds?But there's a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work

47、desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren't just taking over in the workplace.The question is, where can't a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs? A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The

48、 lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future?Finally, it's only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates.Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up w

49、ith the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.Actually, it's too bad such technology isn't available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.(1) What does the underlined word“agitated " mean?A. TiredB. CautiousC. CarefulD. Anxious(2) What doubt does the writer

50、 have about self-driving cars?A. How passengers behave in it.B. How robot drivers get the license.C. How they avoid crashing into other car. D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street.(3) The last questions asked in the sixth paragra ph reflects the writer ' s.A. confidence in robots, winni

51、ng Grammy Awards hB. eagerness to listen to songs written by robotsC. doubt about robots ' ability to write songs D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs (4) What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. Robots will control the world in every field B. Robots are coming but not soon en

52、oughC. Robots are being used in our daily life D. Robots can drive cars and write music 【答案】(1) DD(3) A(4) B【解析】【分析】本文谈论机器人是否会控制世界的问题。以无人驾驶汽车为例，谈论无人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科学 技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。(1)猜测词义。根据划线词所在句"Robot drivers are less likely to.at the scene of a pileup.可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵

53、车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为 焦虑的”，相当于anxious,故选D。(2)细节理解。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive carswill react, with walker constantly dashing into the street. 可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的 汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选Do(3)推理判断。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本 段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会 写

54、出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选Ao(4)主旨大意。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的"it 'to© bad such technology isn 'available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。故选 Bo【点评】议论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的 分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关 键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。(5) 读理解Imagine a cat that does n

55、ot need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and helps them remember to take their medicine. That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The researchers received a $ 3-million-dollar award from the National Sc

56、ience Foundation for a special project. They want tofind ways to add artificial intelligence, or A.I., to Hasbro'sJoy for AllroboticThe cat has already been for sale for two years. Though priced over 1000 dollars, it sold quite well. It was meant to act as a “ companion for older people. Now the

57、 project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat. Researchers at Brown's Humanity-Centered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most. They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well. Such activities include

58、finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor. They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott. Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown. Derr has dementia ( 痴呆).The

59、Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year has become a true companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott is at work. Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate. They say that they do not want a talking